Dogs do everything to maintain their body, and if there is excess nutrition or vitamins, they reproduce.

In the wild dog pack, one or two alpha bitches will cycle, while the rest do not. There may be 4 or more females, but their ovaries will stay in anestrus (quiet ovary) and out of heat. This is good – the best genetics will breed while the rest contribute to feeding. Skipping heats can send normal adult bitches into anestrus, as well.

Signs Of Infertility



Failure to copulate (i.e., an inability to successfully mate with a male dog)
Normal copulation without subsequent pregnancy
Too frequent cycling
Failure to cycle
Absence of heat cycles
Prolonged time between heat cycles (prolonged inter-estrous interval)
Abnormally frequent heat cycles (inter-estrous interval of 4 months of less between heats)
Silent heats (no obvious outward signs of vulvar swelling or bleeding)
Split heats
Failure to achieve a tie during mating
Failure to carry a pregnancy to term
Reabsorption or mummification of puppies
Abortion

Causes of infertility in Female dogs

Fertility requires a normal heat cycle and ovulation of normal eggs (ova) into a healthy reproductive tract, followed by fertilization of those eggs by normal sperm that are successfully introduced into the female.

There must be successful implantation of the embryos in the uterine lining, normal development of the fetuses, successful maintenance of the pregnancy and a successful delivery of live puppies.

These are the most common causes of infertility in female dogs.

Improper Breeding Management

This is most common cause of infertility in female dogs and it include failure of the dog owner to properly detect and assess the progress of the bitch’s heat (estrus) cycle, insemination at the wrong time and miscalculating the appropriate number of breedings to be accomplished per estrus cycle.

Silent heats, split heats, abnormally long heats, missed heats and irregular heats all occur in female dogs and can contribute to breeding management timing errors.



Infectious, Anatomical, Hormonal Or Other/Miscellaneous Causes

This is another common cause of infertility in female dogs

Infections of the vagina or uterus do prevent conception thus preventing the bitch from carrying her litter to term.

Vaginal infections (vaginitis) are usually caused by bacteria especially Brucella canis.

Brucellosis is a venereal disease that causes infertility in female dogs by either preventing conception or causing spontaneous abortion.

Infection with the canine herpesvirus can also lead to infertility.

Uterine infections can contribute to infertility, such as endometritis, pyometra/pyometritis and metritis.



Anatomical causes of infertility in female dogs are not common, but they do occur especially congenital strictures or constrictions inside the vaginal canal, and benign or malignant tumors. These prevent movement of sperm from the vagina through the cervix and into the uterus.

Blockage of the oviducts with tumors or masses can prevent ovulated eggs from successfully uniting with sperm thus leading to infertility in female dogs.
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