Fibroids are tumors (abnormal growth) that grow in or on a woman’s uterus. This occurs when a single muscle cell in the wall of the uterus multiplies and grows to form a non-cancerous mass. Uterine fibroids are also called Myoma.

Causes of Fibroids

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unclear, but there is evidence that it may be a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Fibroids are found in approximately 20% of women who are in their reproductive age because the growth is fueled by female hormones like estrogen. When estrogen levels drop in menopause, fibroids begin to shrink.

Fibroids and Infertility

Fibroids are very common in African-American women. Also, overweight and obese women are at a higher risk of developing fibroid compared to women with normal weight. However, the size and location of fibroids determines the impact it will have on fertility. There are three major locations for fibroid which are:

Subserosal – on the outside surface of the uterus

Intramural – within the wall/muscle of the uterus

Submucous – protruding into the uterine cavity

Most women with fibroids may conceive without difficulties, but, fibroids that are found inside the uterine cavity (submucosal), very large fibroids within the wall of the uterus (intramural), can be a threat to fertility.

Fibroids may hinder fertility in women by:

Blocking the fallopian tubes, where fertilization occurs.
Changing the shape of the cervix which may affect the quantity of sperm entering the uterus.
Preventing blood flow into the uterus which can reduce the chances of an embryo sticking to the uterus (implantation)
Leading to uterine contractions and miscarriage.

Symptoms of Fibroids

Many women with fibroids may not experience symptoms, those that do, may experience the following:

Abdominal /Pelvic pain
Abdominal mass/ Distension (especially if fibroids are large)
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Increased menstrual cramping/ pain
Menstruation that lasts longer than usual
Painful sex
Increased urination
Repeated miscarriages

Treatment for Fibroids

Before treatment, several tests will be carried out to confirm that the patient has fibroids. These tests shows the doctor a picture of the inside of woman’s uterus without surgery. Afterwards, the doctor will develop a treatment plan based on her age, the size of fibroids and overall health. Treatments can vary from medication to surgery, depending on the approach that best suits her condition..........

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