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GOOD WORK SIR I JUST READ ALL THE POST FROM THE TOP, PLEASE CAN I GET THE UPGRADED BUSINESS PROPOSAL

ozornet:

UPGRADED TABLE OF CONTACT
 
1.0 An Overview of The Palm Kernel Oil Industry = 5
1.1 Executive Summary = = = = = = 6
1.2 Mission and Objective = = = = = 7
1.3 Keys to Success = = = = = = 8
1.4 Critical success factors of the business = = 8
1.5 Vision and Mission Statement = = = = 10
2.0 Company Summary = = = = = = 11
2.1 The Business opportunity = = = = = 11
2.2 The Business of palm kernel crushing = = 12
2.3 The Raw Material = = = = = = 13
2.4 Generally Strategy and Implementation Summary= 16
3.0 Economic contribution to local and national
Economy = = = = = = = = 17
3.1 Environmental factors = = = = = 19
4.0 The machines and equipment = = = = 19
4.1 The product = = = = = = = 21
4.2 The Market = = = = = = = 22
4.3 Marketing Analysis plan = = = = = 23
4.4 Our Market Trend = = = = = = 24
4.5 Our Competitive Advantage = = = = 25
4.6 Sources of Income = = = = = = 26
4.7 Sales Forecast = = = = = = = 27
4.8 Marketing and Sales Strategy = = = = 28
4.9 Publicity and Advertisement Strategy = = = 29
4.10 Our Pricing Strategy = = = = = = 30
5.0 Organizational and Management plan = = = 35
5.1 Key personnel of the organization = = = 35
5.2 Roles and Responsibilities of the senior staff = 36
5.3 Manpower requirement = = = = = 35
5.4 Management team = = = = = = 38
5.5 Production process = = = = = = 39
6.0 Milestones = = = = = = = 40
6.1 Estimated capital expenditure needs = = = 41
6.2 Financing plan = = = = = = = 41
6.3 Financing requirements = = = = = 42
7.0 Business risk and mitigation factors = = = 42
7.1 Swot Analysis = = = = = = = 43
8.0 Assumptions = = = = = = = 44
8.1 Production plan = = = = = = 45
8.2 Comprehensive production budget = = = 47
8.3 Segregation of costs = = = = = 48
8.4 Sales forecast = = = = = = = 49
8.5 Projected cash flow = = = = = = 50
8.6 Loan repayment plan = = = = = 51
8.7 Loan repayment schedule = = = = = 51
9'0 Projected income statement = = = = 54
9.1 Projected balance sheet = = = = = = 57
9.2 Project Investment Decision and Viability Analysis = 60
9.3 Conclusions = = = = = = = 63
 

elyongraphix:
GOOD WORK SIR I JUST READ ALL THE POST FROM THE TOP, PLEASE CAN I GET THE UPGRADED BUSINESS PROPOSAL

Yes of course, we can prepare the bankable business plan for you. You can get in touch on whatsapp number 08037788438 so that we discuss about it

Uncertainty is a constant that businesses of every size face daily. Getting customers to the door, encouraging them to spend, and ultimately generating a profit are basic objectives that can at times seem difficult to achieve. Determining the viability of the business idea, changing, adapting and incorporating new products and services ideas into your business mix are ways to remove some of the uncertainties you face, but without proper forethought and planning, those steps themselves can be highly uncertain. This is where the feasibility study comes in.
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Kudos to you sir. You are my hero here and I am following you with keen interest as a submisive student. More fuel to your engine sir as you continue to educate us. Excellent!!!

I wish you a good evening and a happy Sunday today

The term “feasible” describes an action or event that is likely, probably or possible to happen or achieve. A feasibility study is the total of the actions you take and the questions you ask to determine whether an idea, thought or plan is likely to succeed. An effective study can guide you on whether you should move forward with your idea, refine it, or scrap it altogether and go back to the drawing board.

The term “feasible” describes an action or event that is likely, probably or possible to happen or achieve. A feasibility study is the total of the actions you take and the questions you ask to determine whether an idea, thought or plan is likely to succeed. An effective study can guide you on whether you should move forward with your idea, refine it, or scrap it altogether and go back to the drawing board.

Feasibility studies are important because they force you consider the big picture first and then think in a top-down fashion. In this way, one or two general starter questions lead to a host of additional, more detailed questions that become increasingly narrower in focus as you get closer to reaching an ultimate answer. For example, asking whether anyone will buy your new-and-improved product and whether it will generate a profit creates additional questions that force you to consider customer need and possible competition, and to identify risks that you may face. You must also describe your product and its benefits, define your target market, and calculate costs and revenue along with ratio analysis

Good morning folks

Hello folks, good evening to you all

Granted that you have decided to move forward, it becomes pertinent to look at things you should know before preparing your business plan.

In writing your business plan you should be able to follow the sequence of topics as it appears in the above Table of Content depending on your peculiar situations and circumstances. However we shall try to highlight and talk about some aspects of the comprehensive Business Plan

THE BUSINESS OF PALM KERNEL CRUSHING.
The Palm Kernel crushing business is primarily a raw material processing business. This is because the end product is still a raw material for the refineries that use it to produce edible vegetable oil. The basic raw material in this industry is palm kernel nuts (PKN) and the finished products are palm kernel oil (PKO), palm kernel cake (PKC) and palm kernel sludge PKSL). The business is an all-year round business. The end products are in hot demand all-year-round. Because of the high demand, producers do not stock finished products. Buyers always book for the products in advance.

It is also done on cash and carry basis. Sometimes, buyers even pay in advance in order to secure an expected batch of products. Prices of the main products i.e. palm kernel oil and palm kernel cake fluctuate up and down depending on the season of the year. However, the prices of the raw materials i.e. palm kernel nuts also fluctuate along with the palm kernel oil. That is, if the price of the palm kernel oil falls then the price of palm kernel nuts also falls and vice versa. A good strategist can make a fortune if he takes advantage of these price movements

The major threat to the business is scarcity of palm kernel nuts. If a factory lacks palm kernel nuts, it may not enjoy periods of rising prices. Another problem is irregular supply of electricity. However, if an entrepreneur knows the various localities and villages or employs the services of an experienced consultant, then the sourcing of palm kernel will be very easy. If the entrepreneur has sufficient funds in working capital, the sky will be his limit as he is likely to out compete his colleagues in the business. The issue of power outage can be arrested if an electric generating plant is bought. Again, on a small/medium scale basis, crushing machines equipped with diesel engines have been developed. These diesel engine powered expellers can operate even when there is no NEPA electricity. Finally, the business is very rewarding with very little risk or fear of failure.

There are some critical factors to take into account for efficient running of the business
To efficiently organize raw materials supply to the factory of the new venture
To give incentive and high purchasing prices to supplies who deliver good quality palm kernel nuts with low moisture content, low shell content and low impurities content on a regular basis.
To produce palm kernel oil and palm kernel cake of high-quality matching industry standards and chemistry expectations
To deliver to buyers of finished products with punctuality and at competitive and guaranteed prices.
To constantly evaluate our strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities with deft adjustments made as warranted.

The raw material for this project is palm kernel nuts (PKN). Palm Kernel trees which bear the nuts are indigenous to the Southern part of Nigeria. They are particularly the main stay of the economies of the people of the old Eastern Nigeria, Mid-Western Nigeria, and a large part of the old Western Nigeria,the old Mid-West, Benue and Kogi States in the Middle Belt. The palm trees are also found in commercial quantity across the border at the Southern parts of the Republic of Benin and the Cameroun. Palm Kernel nuts are oil bearing seeds. Normal palm kernel nuts of Nigeria origin contain between 40% and 55% of oil, 55% and 40% of cake 5% of sludge and debris. There are different species of palm kernel nuts. Some yield more oil than the others. The percentage of oil in any specie depends on the locality in which the tree comes from. Example, Palm Kernel nuts from Calabar in Cross River State will not yield the same amount of oil as palm kernel nuts from Abakaliki in Ebonyi State, so also nuts from Ekpoma in Edo State are different from nuts from Nsukka in Enugu state. Again, nuts from Akwa Ibom and Cross Rivers are different from nuts from Edo States and nuts from Osun or Ekiti States are different from those from Imo or Anambra States. They differ according to the soil on which the trees grew on. However, an experienced buyer will be able to differentiate and classify the nuts and then price them accordingly. They are normally bagged in 80kg bags and brought to the local markets from where middle men purchase and gather for onward supply to factories and crushing companies.
They are plentiful in the various localities from where they are transported to the factories by suppliers who take a margin for their efforts. A good buyer can enlist these suppliers for constant supply of palm kernel nuts all year round.

NOTE: In palm kernel crushing business, it is a norm to use 40% oil extraction rate as bench mark. That is you expect to extract 40% of the oil in a given batch of palm kernel nuts crushed. You may extract more or less but in pricing your raw materials you must target this 40% extraction. At 40% extraction rate, 2.5 tons of palm kernel nuts crushed should give you 1 ton of oil, about 1.20 tons of palm kernel cake and 0.30 of sludge. This means that as an example, if crude palm kernel oil sells for say 350,000 naira per ton you should strive to buy your raw material at 127,000 naira or less per ton as 2.5 multiply 127,000 naira would give you 317,500 naira. This will allow you a margin of 32,500 naira from one ton of oil sold. Then add revenue from the palm kernel cake and palm kernel sludge to arrive at a total margin on raw material bought. Considering the price of palm kernel cake to be N40,000 per ton and palm kernel sludge tob N90,000 per ton you be looking at a gross margin of not less than N100,000 after crushing 2.5 tons of palm kernel nuts and selling the finished products namely PKO, PKC and PKSL.
This will guide you in pricing your raw materials.

Good morning folks, happy independence anniversary. Nigeria shall be great again. If only we can look inwards and start tapping the abundant resources in this country, it won't be long before we reach the promised land.

Since we decided to pay more attention to the mechanical extraction method of palm kernel oil (PKO) production, let us describe in more details the mechanical extraction method.

Mechanical extraction
Mechanical extraction processes are suitable for both small- and large- capacity operations. The three basic steps in these processes are
(a) kernel pre-treatment,
(b) screw-pressing, and
(c) oil clarification.

Diagram 2 below shows Mechanical extraction of palm kernel oil.

Line (A) is for direct screw-pressing without kernel pre-treatment;
Line (B) is for partial kernel pre-treatment followed by screw-pressing; and
Line C is for complete pre-treatment followed by screw-pressing.

Kernel pre-treatment
Proper kernel pre-treatment is necessary to efficiently extract the oil from the kernels. The feed kernels must first be cleaned of foreign materials that may cause damage to the screw-presses, increasing maintenance costs and down time, and contamination of products. Magnetic separators commonly are installed to remove metal debris, while vibrating screens are used to sieve sand, stones or other undesirable materials.
A swinging hammer grinder, breaker rolls or a combination of both then breaks the kernels into small fragments. This process increases the surface area of the kernels, thus facilitating flaking. The kernel fragments subsequently are subjected to flaking in a roller mill. A large roller mill can consist of up to five rollers mounted vertically above one another, each revolving at 200-300 rpm. The thickness of kernel cakes is progressively reduced as it travels from the top roller to the bottom. This progressive rolling initiates rupturing of cell walls. The flakes that leave the bottom nip are from 0.25 to 0.4 mm thick.
The kernel flakes are then conveyed to a stack cooker for steam conditioning, the purpose of which is to:
· adjust the moisture content of the meal to an optimum level;
· rupture cell walls (initiated by rolling);
· reduce viscosity of oil;
· coagulate the protein in the meal to facilitate separation of the oil from protein materials.
The meal flows from the top compartment down to the fifth compartment in series. At each stage a mechanical stirrer agitates the meal. Steam trays heat the cookers, and live steam may be injected into each compartment when necessary. The important variables are temperature, retention time and moisture content. In the palm kernel, the meals are normally cooked to a moisture content of 3 percent at 104-110°C.
Screw-pressing
The properly cooked meal is then fed to the screw-press, which consists of an interrupted helical thread (worm) which revolves within a stationary perforated cylinder called the cage or barrel. The meal is forced through the barrel by the action of the revolving worms. The volume axially displaced by the worm diminishes from the feeding end to the discharge end, thus compressing the meal as it passes through the barrel.
The expelled palm kernel oil drains through the perforation of the lining bars of the barrel, while the de-oiled cake is discharged through an annular orifice.

Diagram 2 Shows the Different Methods of Mechanical Extraction in Palm Kernel Oil Production

Direct screw-pressing
Some mills crush the kernels directly in the presses without any pre-treatment. Double pressing usually is required to ensure efficient oil extraction. The screw-presses used normally of 10,15,20 or 25 tonnes per unit per day.

Partial pre-treatment
The kernels are first broken down to smaller fragments by grinding prior to screw-pressing. In some cases, cooking is also carried out.

Complete pre-treatment
The full pre-treatment processes described earlier are carried out prior to screw-pressing. Plants with larger capacities (50-500 tonnes per day) choose complete pre-treatment and the equipment is usually imported from mainly from Malaysia. Here at Dews Enterprises, we offer a complete solution and consultancy services

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Oil clarification
The expelled oil invariably contains a certain quantity of ‘fines and foots’ that need to be removed. The oil from the presses is drained to a reservoir. It is then either pumped to a decanter or revolving coarse screen to remove a large part of the solid impurities. The oil is then pumped to a filter press to remove the remaining solids and fines in order to produce clear oil prior to storage. The cakes discharged from the presses are conveyed for bagging or bulk storage.
As can be seen from Diagram 2 below, not all crushers use the same procedure for mechanical extraction of kernel oil. There are three variations: direct screw-pressing, partial pre-treatment, and complete pre-treatment.

Diagrammatic presentation of mechanical extraction using the screw pressing method

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Let us look at the machines used in mechanical screw pressing

On a fairly large scale one needs a pretty large capital outlay to start smoothly

Below is a picture of a brand new Muar Ban Lee expeller

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