Abstract

Some Environmental Challenges and Solutions in the Nigerian ports systems with emphasis on the publicly-owned and private ports in Ontario, Canada example were reviewed to improve the Nigerian ports systems. The meanings of ports and systems and considered problems associated with the Nigerian ports system. Malfunctioning port systems, Government’s interventions and interferences, Inadequate infrastructural materials for efficient and fast services, Complicated Traffic Structure and Implementation, Misunderstanding of the usage and current functions of ports, Proliferation of Government Agencies operating at the ports, Cumbersome Documentation and Delivery Procedure, Insecurity of Cargo and Lives, Manpower and Labor Problems, NPA’S Lack of Financial Autonomy and Port Environmental Pollution Problems are some environmental challenges faced by the Nigerian Portssystem; which solutions were proffered
TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPETR ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Statement of problem

1.3 Objective of the study

1.4 Research Hypotheses

1.5 Significance of the study

1.6 Scope and limitation of the study

1.7 Definition of terms

1.8 Organization of the study

CHAPETR TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPETR THREE

3.0 Research methodology

3.1 sources of data collection

3.3 Population of the study

3.4 Sampling and sampling distribution

3.5 Validation of research instrument

3.6 Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 Introductions

4.2 Data analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Recommendation

Appendix .
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Ship transport is watercraft carrying people (passengers) or goods (cargo). Sea transport has been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history. Although the importance of sea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure cruises. Transport by water is cheaper than transport by air. Ship transport can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or along rivers (David et al., 2004). Shipping may be for commerce, recreation or the military. Virtually any material that can be moved, can be moved by water, however water transport becomes impractical when material delivery is highly time-critical. “General cargo” is goods packaged in boxes, cases, pallets and barrels. Containerization revolutionized ship transport in the 1960s. When a cargo is carried in more than one mode, it is intermodal or co-modal. A nation’s shipping fleet (merchant navy, merchant marine, merchant fleet) consists of the ships operated by civilian crews to transport passengers or cargo. Professionals are merchant seaman, merchant sailor and merchant mariner, or simply seaman, sailor, or mariner. The terms “seaman” or “sailor” may refer to a member of a country’s navy (Surumi, 2000). A seaport has been simply described by transport experts as a geographic nodal point along a given shore line where the mode of transportation changes from land to sea or water, or vice versa and involves the provision and presence of geographical opportunities and merits, socio-economic potentialities and endowments, state of technological advancement and political considerations (Patrick, 1999). An author also stated that a port provides for the transfer of cargo from one mode of transportation to another. A port is comprised of three elements:

Physical structure: This includes wharves, dock, storage, space and cranes
Port Authority: The management of business entity
Service providers: Such as longshoreman and terminal operators.
The port authority acts as a centralized planning board, provides quasi-public goods and attempts to control competition in ways that may be destructive. A port is described by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea, 1982 for the purpose of delimiting the territorial sea, as the outermost permanent harbor works which form an integral part of the harbor system and forming part of the cost but excluding offshore installations and artificial islands. A port can also be defined as an area where there are facilities for berthing and anchoring of ships and where there is the equipment for the transfer of goods from ship to shore or from ship to ship and includes the unusual places where the ships wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn no matter the distance from that area. In modern parlance, a port is known as a ship/shore interface or a maritime intermodal interface (Bello, 2001) For each port, we will provide information on its location, facilities in the port area, major industries using the port and data on commodities handled at the port, which will also provide insight into the types of carriers servicing the port. We have attempted to provide information that is comparable from port to port but not

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