The 5052 and 5083 aluminum plates are all 5 series aluminum-magnesium alloys. Although they are all 5 series aluminum-magnesium alloys, there is still a big difference between the magnesium content. The other chemical components are also slightly different, as follows:
5052 aluminum plate chemical composition:
Si 0+ Fe0.45 Cu 0.1 Mn 0.1 Mg 2.2-2.8 Cr 0.15-0.35 Zn 0.1
5083 aluminum plate chemical composition:
Si 0.4 Fe0.4 Cu0.1 Mn0.3-1.0 Mg4.0-4.9 Cr 0.05-0.25 Zn 0.25
The difference in chemical composition makes a difference in mechanical properties between the two. Regardless of tensile strength or yield strength, the 5083 aluminum plate is much stronger than the 5052 aluminum plate.
Different chemical compositions lead to different mechanical properties, and different mechanical properties ultimately lead to different uses between the two.
5052 aluminum sheet has good forming and processing properties, corrosion resistance, candle resistance, fatigue strength and medium static strength. It is often used in the manufacture of aircraft fuel tanks, oil pipes, as well as sheet metal parts for transportation vehicles and ships, instruments, street lamp brackets and Rivets, hardware, etc.
5083 aluminum sheet is often used in applications requiring high corrosion resistance, good weldability and moderate strength, such as ship, automotive and aircraft sheet weldments; pressure vessels requiring severe fire protection, refrigeration units, television towers, drilling equipment , transportation equipment, missile components, armor, etc.

https://www.mt-aluminum.com/5083-aluminum-plate.html