1. Danger! Beware of Clipping

The most common problem I’ve encountered in rap and hip-hop recordings and mixes is clipping. If you aren’t already aware of clipping, it is distortion that occurs when signal levels are beyond the limit of a device. It seems that in pursuit of ridiculous bragging rights for the title of “Lord of Loudness,” people routinely record and mix way too hot.

2. Keep Vocals Tight

The most frequently-made mix mistake on rap vocals is applying too much reverb. Yeah, vocals drenched in reverb sound cool for ballads and ‘60s retro rock, but it’s a crying shame when rap vocals need a Coast Guard rescue to escape massive swells of reverberation.

If you do use reverb on rappers, keep it subtle. Shy away from long decay times of two seconds or more and large spaces such as concert halls and cathedrals.

Also, for the love of all that is remotely righteous, keep your reverb level low. Since the goal for rap vocals is typically a tight and up-front sound, use reverb sparingly.

3. Pitch, Please!

A cool way to draw attention to certain words and phrases, or to create variation where it previously didn’t exist, is to pitch-shift them. For example, if the vocals in the second verse rap the same line back to back three times, adding a pitch-drop to one of them might prevent it from seeming too repetitive.

4. Chop It Up

There is another rad special effect and it can be done with or without special plug-ins. On the streets, it’s known as the “stutter edit.” It involves editing the vocal to make it sound like an obvious stutter or stammer. If this is done in rhythm with the song, it can sound very cool. As with all cool things, don’t overuse it. You don’t want to get a reputation as Ol’ Stevie Stutter-Edit.

Stutter edit without plug-Ins: Imagine that you are working on a vocal phrase that starts with the word “Get.” You’d select a small portion of the word, just the “G,” for example. When possible, select a musical amount of time like a 16th note or 32nd note; it’s easier to keep it in time with the music.

5. Flip It and Reverse It

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