This type of error can occur when the partition that is reserved for the system is damaged.

Solutions

The reserved system partition is an area reserved for BitLocker encryption and for the restoration of windows. Follow these steps to solve this type of issues.

Step 1 : Delete the existing partition, create a new partition, and continue with the formatting.

1. Insert windows installation disc to start installation

2. Select Disk 0 partition 1 and click delete.

3. Click ok.

4. Delete disk 0 partition 2 using the same steps of deleting disc 0 partition 1.

5. Now click new to create a new partition.

6. Choose the size of the disk, click Apply.

Now you can select disk 0 partition 2 then, click format.

Step 2 : Format partition using command prompt windows.

Windows command prompt can help you format partition on disk 0 for reinstallation. But you also need a Windows installation disk.

Boot the computer with windows installation disk.

Select Repair your computer, select use recovery tools, select command prompt.

1. Type diskpart, enter.

2. Type list disk, enter.

3. Type select disk 0, enter.

4. Type clean, enter.

5. Type create partition primary.

6. Type active, enter.

7. Type format fs = ntfs.

8. Type exit when the format is finished.

Type exit to exit from command prompt, now reinstall wWindow.

Note: if both step 1 and step 2 didn't work, you have to change the hard disk. The hard disk is damaged.
https://kingsmanblog.com/solve-windows-could-not-format-a-partition-on-disk-0/