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What's Worse Is What Comes After Homosexual Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Normalcy / The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrificers Enslavers Lockdown All Nations / The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia Deadly Abuse Of Children Before Almighty God (2) (3) (4)

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The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 10:06pm On Apr 03, 2020
How the Cannibals Drove the People from Insofan Mountain to the Cross River (Ikom)Nigeria

Very many years ago, before the oldest man alive at the present time can remember, the towns of Ikom, Okuni, Abijon, Insofan, Obokum, and all the other Injor towns were situated round and near the Insofan Mountain, and the head chief of the whole country was called Agbor. Abragba and Enfitop also lived there, and were also under King Agbor.

The Insofan Mountain is about two days' march inland from the Cross River, and as none of the people there could swim, and knew nothing about canoes, they never went anywhere outside their own country, and were afraid to go down to the big river.

The whole country was taken up with yam farms, and was divided amongst the various towns, each town having its own bush. At the end of each year, when it was time to dig the yams, there was a big play held, which was called the New Yam feast. At this festival there was always a big human sacrifice, fifty slaves being killed in one day. These slaves were tied up to trees in a row, and many drums were beaten; then a strong man, armed with a sharp machete, went from one slave to another and cut their heads off.

This was done to cool the new yams, so that they would not hurt the stomachs of the people. Until this sacrifice was made no one in the country would eat a new yam, as they knew, if they did so, they would suffer great pain in their insides.

When the feast was held, all the towns brought one hundred yams each as a present to King Agbor. When the slaves were all killed fires were lit, and the dead bodies were placed over the fires to burn the hair off. A number of plantain leaves were then gathered and placed on the ground, and the bodies, having been cut into pieces, were placed on the plantain leaves.

When the yams were skinned, they were put into large pots, with water, oil, pepper, and salt. The cut-up bodies were then put in on top, and the pots covered up with other clay pots and left to boil for an hour.

The king, having called all the people together, then declared the New Yam feast had commenced, and singing and dancing were kept up for three days and nights, during which time much palm wine was consumed, and all the bodies and yams, which had been provided for them, were eaten by the people.

The heads were given to the king for his share, and, when he had finished eating them, the skulls were placed before the Ju Ju with some new yams, so that there should be a good crop the following season.

But although these natives ate the dead bodies of the slaves at the New Yam feast, they did not eat human flesh during the rest of the year.

This went on for many years, until at last the Okuni people noticed that the graves of the people who had been buried were frequently dug open and the bodies removed. This caused great wonder, and, as they did not like the idea of their dead relations being taken away, they made a complaint to King Agbor. He at once caused a watch to be set on all newly dug graves, and that very night they caught seven men, who were very greedy, and used to come whenever a body was buried, dig it up, and carry it into the bush, where they made a fire, and cooked and ate it.

When they were caught, the people made them show where they lived, and where they cooked the bodies.

After walking for some hours in the forest, they came to a place where large heaps of human bones and skulls were found.

The seven men were then securely fastened up and brought before King Agbor, who held a large palaver of all the towns, and the whole situation was discussed.

Agbor said that this bad custom would necessitate all the towns separating, as they could not allow their dead relations to be dug up and eaten by these greedy people, and he could see no other way to prevent it. Agbor then gave one of the men to each of the seven towns, and told some of them to go on the far side of the big river and make their towns there. The others were to go farther down the river on the same side as Insofan Mountain, and when they found suitable places, they were each to kill their man as a sacrifice and then build their town.

All the towns then departed, and when they had found good sites, they built their towns there.

When they had all gone, after a time Agbor began to feel very lonely, so he left the site of his old town and also went to the Cross River to live, so that he could see his friends.

After that the New Yam feast was held in each town, and the people still continued to kill and eat a few slaves at the feast, but the bodies of their relations and friends were kept for a long time above ground until they had become rotten, so that the greedy people should not dig them up and eat them.

This is why, even at the present time, the people do not like to bury their dead relations until they have become putrid.

Source: Elphinstone Dayrell, Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria, West Africa (London: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1910), no. 31, pp. 115-18.




Blood rituals like this go on every moment of the day all around the world. 8 million children sacrificed Yearly for their blood to keep empires in the hands of the elite. The people are usually another bloodline they share no love for they are just slaves. The Moors did this to Whites for thousands of years. TheMoors and Jews ruling families sacrificed their Black and and White slaves since 1604 in the Americas. Child sacrifice is about culling your slaves or groups you feel are beneath you. This evil even occurs among the same ethnic group which divides into different houses. Your father's bloodline is your bloodline.


Wake up out your slumber

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 10:13pm On Apr 03, 2020
See for yourself the Fallen Church

Google Images of 100s of pastors worldwide arrested for child rape of 100, 000s of babies and children. Think how many pedophile pastors never get caught because they are too powerful to bring to justice. They are of all races and nationalities because the demons of pedophilia don't discriminate. The Coronavirus is pedophilia Baal worship a detractor public scare scripted by the Simpson cartoon as well as other forms of medium.


https://www.google.com/search?q=pastor+child+rape&client=ms-android-americamovil-us-revc&source=android-browser&prmd=nvi&sxsrf=ALeKk03_tZwm-fchF7SAw0wCXR1WJCQ0vw:1585352934418&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQpv_z67voAhVDmXIEHXqIB1AQ_AUoA3oECAoQAw&biw=360&bih=520&dpr=2

Wake up out your slumber
Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Nobody: 10:15pm On Apr 03, 2020
angry angry angry



This is fictitious. Until you're are able to proof beyond reasonable doubt, this write up of horror remains a trash.

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 10:22pm On Apr 03, 2020
The world is wicked and devils everywhere

The Coronavirus is pedophilia Baal worship a detractor public scare scripted by the Simpson cartoon as well as other forms of medium.

Churches are raping babies worldwide

Pedophila is child sacrifice

They want your child's blood as offering to their demon god who they perform sodomy rituals to invoke.


The whole wide world involved in promoting Coronavirus and shielding pagan satanic practices.



Wake up out your slumber

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 10:26pm On Apr 03, 2020




Crimes against children

February 02, 2019

 

People's Tonight

Unless the nature of criminal and immoral activities such as child trafficking, child torture, child rape, trauma-based mind control programming, and child blood sacrifices on the altars of Satan are clearly understood, it will be difficult to intervene in the dark system that is consuming perhaps as many as 8 million children in the world every year.

There is No Child Love in Pedophilia.

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Acts of child molestation are commonly called pedophilia. Pedophilia is defined as “child love.” Clearly this term is a misnomer – there is nothing loving about raping children, feeding children into the sex trade, torturing children and using mind control techniques to turn them into slaves, or tying them to altars where they are gang raped prior to being mutilated and killed as an offering to Satan.

Thus, I will not use the word pedophilia in this article, but instead will call the perpetrators of such evil – pedovores, because they consume children. Another term that I will use for these people is pedo-predators, because they prey upon children like snakes or wild beasts prey upon the animals they kill and eat.

Pedovores use children as consumable products. They freely use them for their sexual gratification, for their financial gain, and for Satanic rituals.

This article is the next installment in the series about child molestation and the predators who destroy the lives of children. The first two articles focused on the scandals rocking the Catholic Church.

What our research has uncovered is that the issue of predators destroying the lives of children are much more widespread than we ever imagined.

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The Activity of Paedo-Predators goes Far beyond the Roman Catholic Church.

The RCC and other religious institutions are not the only perpetrators of crimes against children.

Children are abused in numerous secret societies, in the CIA and other government agencies, in many different religious organizations, in families, and in every imaginable program that has been designed to serve the needs of children.

Child protective services and both the law enforcement and judicial systems rarely protect children from this abuse, and sadly they often contain pedovore rings of abusers who perpetrate these crimes against the children they are sworn to protect, while protecting the pedovores.

Warning – Adult Content.

The remainder of this article contains graphic and gruesome descriptions of what happens to children. I will not sanitize the truth to make the crimes seem less horrific.

Types of Crimes Pedovores Commit against Children.



These crimes can be roughly organized into four categories, though there is most certainly overlap between the crimes: (1) child molestation, (2) child pornography and prostitution, (3) child sacrifice, and (4) trauma-based mind control slavery.

I will not be discussing child forced labor for manufacturing, the harvesting of organs from children for transplantation, involuntary medical experimentation, or the use of child soldiers in war, because I need to limit the scope of these articles.

Kidnapping and selling/trafficking children are also crimes, which go hand in hand with some of the other crimes against children. It is the beginning point for the horrors of abuse that follow.

1. Child Molestation

These children are fondled, exposed to various forms of sexual activity, and anally, orally or vaginally raped.

These children usually reside in local communities with their parents or caregivers and are victimized by pedovores who also live in the same communities. They are usually released by pedovores after molestation. Sometimes children are killed, but not usually.

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The full extent of damage caused by molestation is often not immediately seen.

Molestation is like a slow acting poison – it permeates every aspect of a child’s life for many years to come.

As these children mature their lives will be marked by dysfunctional relationships, depressions, low self-esteem, distorted views of sex, mistrust of adults, and immune system suppression which eventually unfolds in long-term chronic illness.

2. Child Pornography and Prostitution

Children are kidnapped and trafficked into the international sex trade. They can be raped by the hour and may only live a few years before the physical and emotional damage is so severe that their captors simply kill them, because they are no longer useful or profitable.

They are used to make child pornography films and possibly child “snuff films.” Snuff films show actual film footage of people being raped, tortured, and killed to stimulate the sexual pleasure of those who purchase the videos on the dark web.

You won’t find links to real snuff films in an internet search since they are recordings of criminal activities. For this reason, there is considerable propaganda that suggests that snuff films just don’t exist.
Evidence, however, is strong that recordings of children being tortured, raped, and killed are being made for high price purchasers who can pay several thousand dollars per video.

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3. Child Torture and Sacrifice

Other children are kidnapped and channeled into dark occult activities where they are destroyed and consumed in Satanic rituals. Their lives are taken on altars dedicated to Satan, Lucifer, Moloch, and other “gods” of darkness.

The sacrificial ritual usually begins with gang raping of the child. Children are further tortured by cutting, stabbing, and other types of mutilation designed to cause pain and intense fear, which produces high levels of adrenaline in the blood.

Sometimes the adrenaline-rich blood is consumed by the pedovores to get an intense adrenalin rush. The pedovores may enjoy watching the child bleed to death or they may hasten the process of death by dismemberment.

Sometimes babies are burned alive as sacrifices dedicated to Moloch as has been done for more than 3,000 years.

4. Trauma-Based Mind Control Slavery

Extremely sophisticated techniques of physical torture and emotional abuse are used to break the consciousness of children into pieces to create children with multiple personalities.

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The most effective programming happens during the first six or seven years of life. Programming sometimes begins in the womb with electroshock abuse.

The programing is designed to create a permanent replacement for the true self. The slave is intended to obey their “handlers” and the needs of their secret organizations. A handler is a person who manages, monitors, and fortifies the mind control process to be sure the programming does not fail.

Compassion, empathy, independent thinking, and love for others is driven far underground so that the lives of the mind-controlled slave will be dominated by greed and lust for power, and obedience to their handlers.

Sometimes the goal of mind control programmers is to create a slave with multiple personalities who will have multiple lives, which are intended to be completely disconnected from one another.

These victims are managed by handlers who maintain the programming and establish tasks for the slave to complete. The handlers are able to use the programing to force the slave to switch from one personality (alter) to another and do the bidding of the handler.





The mind control techniques used with children were enhanced after World War II through research done under the CIA’s MK-Ultra program. Former Nazi researchers, such as Josef Mengele, were brought to the United States through Project Paperclip to mastermind and refine these techniques.

Functions of Mind Controlled Slaves

Mind-controlled children are used as sex slaves, presidential level blackmailers, drug smugglers, high profile entertainers, and world class athletes.

When they reach adulthood, they occupy positions in every profession. They commonly serve as university faculty, high level religious leaders, corporate executives, mainstream media workers, and for various other tasks that control and shape the thinking and behavior of general society.

They are also called Monarch slaves or just Monarchs.

In the extreme, mind control programmers seek to supply the networks of certain secret Satanic elite groups with a race of mind-controlled zombies. They function as mindless assassins, crazed gunmen, and agents provocateurs.

The Investment in Creating Mind Controlled Slaves is Extensive

It takes many years to program a Monarch mind control slave. Thus, these children are intended to stay under the control of their handlers for a lifetime or until they are deemed unfit for the work.

Some are scheduled for being killed at their 30th birthday. Sometimes they are used as Satanic sacrificial victims  when they are no longer seen as valuable...

by JOHN P. THOMAS

To be continued








See for yourself the Fallen Church

Google Images of 100s of pastors worldwide arrested for child rape of 100, 000s of babies and children. Think how many pedophile pastors never get caught because they are too powerful to bring to justice. They are of all races and nationalities because the demons of pedophilia don't discriminate. The Coronavirus is pedophilia Baal worship a detractor public scare scripted by the Simpson cartoon as well as other forms of medium.


https://www.google.com/search?q=pastor+child+rape&client=ms-android-americamovil-us-revc&source=android-browser&prmd=nvi&sxsrf=ALeKk03_tZwm-fchF7SAw0wCXR1WJCQ0vw:1585352934418&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQpv_z67voAhVDmXIEHXqIB1AQ_AUoA3oECAoQAw&biw=360&bih=520&dpr=2

Wake up out your slumber

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 10:36pm On Apr 03, 2020
You know that I don't feed trolls

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 10:44pm On Apr 03, 2020
When you find out they eat the little babies and drink their blood it will make you sick.


The Coronavirus is pedophilia Baal worship a detractor public scare scripted by the Simpson cartoon as well as other forms of medium. Every one that play it off got something to do with child sacrifice. You don't fake the flu and make the whole world afraid. This is wrong! Its evil.


I know the ones who didn't have a hand in it and are fighting it too!



Wake up out your slumber

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 10:54pm On Apr 03, 2020


 Cross Rivers State governor, Ben Ayade

Home » News » Flood destroys 4,370 houses, displaces 51,000 people in Cross River

Flood destroys 4,370 houses, displaces 51,000 people in Cross River

ON DECEMBER 19, 201911:04 AMIN NEWS

The Cross River State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA) said on Wednesday that flood destroyed 4,370 houses and displaced over 51,000 people in 212 communities in the state.



He said some agencies intervened by providing relief materials to the affected victims across the state to ameliorate their plight.

READ ALO:Teenage girl dies trying to rescue man in Kenyan flood

The SEMA chief commended the Nigeria Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) and the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) for donating relief materials to the victims on different occasions.

He also said 19 cases of fire outbreaks were recorded in the state during the period under review, adding that property worth millions of Naira were destroyed in the incident.

He said: “Between July to September, a flood destroyed 4,370 houses and displaced over 51,000 people in 212 communities in Cross River. Some of the victims built their houses along the water channel and so they could not escape the flooding.

“Others had poor drainage systems around their locality while some of them were dumping their refuse inside the drains, making it difficult for water to flow freely.

“We have carried out massive awareness campaigns to enlighten residents in the state to stop building along water channels and stop dumping their refuse inside the drains.”  (NAN)




Your arms too short to box with God. As a priest of Sango I know the signs when God is angry and flooding is one of His judgements for wickedness of a society.

He who does not respect a king does not respect God Almighty


Return to righteousness

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 10:58pm On Apr 03, 2020
Only rapists killers bandits and devils prefer to wear masks in public other than ancestral worship.

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 11:20pm On Apr 03, 2020
Child sacrifice and money ritual everywhere on Earth.

I'm in America and trust me its here bigger than anywhere.

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 11:32pm On Apr 03, 2020
The rise of child suicide because these are End Times

The death of the elders because this is End Times


Return to righteousness
Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 12:38am On Apr 04, 2020
The Coronavirus is pedophilia
Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 1:22am On Apr 04, 2020
Wow
Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 1:39am On Apr 04, 2020


Human Sacrifices May Lie Behind the Rise of Ancient Social StatusDark practices may have helped the elite keep the lower classes in line, a new study hintsAncient Mayan skull and bones remain in a Mexican sinkhole, remnants of a long-ago human sacrifice. The victims of sacrifice in Mayan rituals were varied, ranging from slaves to captive rulers of other lands. (Michele Westmorland/Corbis)

By Maya Wei-Haas

SMITHSONIANMAG.COM 
APRIL 4, 2016

Stabbed, burned, drowned, strangled, bludgeoned, buried alive. These are only a few of the many ways that humans were ritualistically sacrificed throughout history. These people lost their lives in deference to a higher deity for a range of reasons—to ensure fertile crops, to follow masters to the afterlife, to bring rain.

The victims, however, were often of a lower class, slaves or captives from adjacent communities, and their deaths were frequently drawn out. The perpetrators of the acts were usually the social elite. These facts all hint at a possible darker motivation for human sacrifice: keeping some people at the top of the social ladder and others at the bottom.

This idea, known as the Social Control Hypothesis, was popularized in the late 1990s with the study of human sacrifice in early American cultures. Now a new study, published today in Nature, adds to the evidence that the hypothesis might be correct. Using statistical methods, a team of New Zealand researchers has shown that human sacrifice could have played a crucial role in cementing the layers of social status that gave rise to the eventual formation of many complex societies.

In these early cultures, sacrifice was a tool to terrorize the masses, says the study’s lead author, Joseph Watts, a graduate student at the University of Auckland. “It provided a supernatural justification for punishment,” he explains on his website.

Ancient Greece is one of many cultures in which human and animal sacrifices were performed upon the burial of revered members of society, as depicted here in an engraving by Heinrich Leutemann. (Stefano Bianchetti/Corbis)

The new study focuses on Austronesian cultures, a group of peoples that share a common root language originating in Taiwan. Throughout history, these people diversified and spread across Southeast Asia and Oceania, as well as to Madagascar. Many practiced human sacrifice, including nearly half of the 93 cultures Watts and his colleagues studied.

The mode and rituals around the ceremonies, however, vastly differed between the people practicing them.

For instance, on Shortland Island, which is near Papua New Guinea, a human sacrifice would be necessary upon the building of a common house. The victim would be placed in a hole and then crushed under the weight of a pole dropped into the pit.

Another group, the Melanau people of northern Borneo, would tie the hands of several slaves to the mausoleum of their recently deceased master. Abandoned there, the slaves would die of exposure and, supposedly, serve their master in the afterlife.

The researchers studied such accounts using historical records primarily from the 19th century. They were careful to only examine periods of time before outsiders introduced major world religions, such as Christianity or Islam, and modernized the communities.

Using linguistic information, the researchers created a phylogenetic tree—a complicated branching map of the type more often used to show the interconnectivity of species through time. But instead of creatures, they mapped out the evolution of Austronesian cultures.

They also ornamented the tree with two key details for each community: the degree of social stratification and whether or not the people practiced human sacrifice. Then came the math.

The researchers applied a statistical method to their tree to suss out patterns and examine the relationship of social stratification and human sacrifice through time. This determined whether cultures that had formed a social elite also practiced human sacrifice and vice versa. The method also helped the researchers to directly sort out cause and effect, determining which came first—social status or human sacrifice.

What the results show is that human sacrifice may have helped bolster differences in social status. If a society practiced human sacrifice, it was unlikely for social stratification to diminish and for people to return to a society in which everyone was a social equal. The model also showed that the practice of human sacrifice may have helped to hasten the development and separation between various layers of social status.

The results add support to the idea that human sacrifice instilled fear and at the same time demonstrated the power of the elite, Watts says. This system could have been an early means to build and maintain power, which was a step to the development of complex societies and more formal political systems.

The model also suggests that human sacrifice was not all that important in making the transition from an egalitarian society to a stratified one. That’s because, Watts says, “if human sacrifice is being used at all to maintain social power, there has to be power to start off with.”

“These effects aren’t overwhelmingly strong, but they are consistent,” says Mark Pagel, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Redding who wasn’t involved in the study. Although the results do support the role of human sacrifice in social stratification, he says, there could be exceptions to the pattern.

Human sacrifice, however, could have been an effective technique for maintaining power in some societies, Pagel says. “Imagine you lived in a society that is highly stratified, and the ‘winners,’ or so-called elite, of that society would, on certain occasions, just grab someone off the street and sacrifice them,” he says. It’s an effective tactic to warn people that the elite are powerful and to get them to toe the line. “It doesn’t mean that sacrifice is just or right, but it does serve to control a society,” he says.

Watts notes that many of the rituals surrounding sacrifices seemed to aim for the utmost gore—with some ceremonies delaying the moment of death for many hours. “It’s not just a matter of killing efficiently. There's more to it than that,” he says. “The terror and spectacle [of the act] was maximized.”

One example of such a ritual in the Ngaju society was described by Hans Schärer in Ngaju Religion: The Conception of God Among a South Borneo People: "It begins towards sunset and lasts until sunrise. All the participants dance around the slave and stab him with sacred spears, daggers, swords and blowpipes… About sunrise he receives the coup de grace and collapses dying in his own blood."

The question still remains whether the results of this study extend beyond the Austronesian people. Motivations for human sacrifice widely varied across cultures, yet many showed similar links to social hierarchy, Watts says.

There was a tomb found in Eastern China, for instance, that scientists determined was the grave of an aristocrat buried with nearly four dozen victims of human sacrifice along with a trove of precious artifacts. And ancient Egyptians, of course, are known to have similarly buried slaves alongside deceased rulers.

However, in Central and South America, “the Maya, Aztec and Inca, and other New World societies celebrated the capture and sacrifice of rulers and other high status individuals,” says John Verano, an anthropologist at Tulane University. Among these peoples, human sacrifice may have served a different purpose.

For many societies, though, “social stratification was probably one of the first steps in social complexity,” Watts says. “In these early stages, human sacrifice was serving a crucial role in building and maintaining social structures.”




Nimrod was a mighty hunter of men which he massacred alot of people to be the one man ruling the world. One world government some groups are feeding their people or some will kill them off.


Wake up out your slumber

Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 7:20pm On Apr 04, 2020
Human sacrifice slavery Google it and see for yourself the Fallen Church
Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 8:44pm On Apr 04, 2020
Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 6:18pm On Apr 05, 2020
The Coronavirus is pedophilia
Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 7:21pm On Apr 05, 2020
Wake up out your slumber
Re: The Coronavirus Is Pedophilia: Human Sacrifice Victims Slaves Killed For Elitism by Truthfulvoice: 9:19pm On Apr 08, 2020


Benin

HISTORICAL KINGDOM, WEST AFRICA

WRITTEN BY: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

See Article History

Alternative Title: Kingdom of Benin

Benin, one of the principal historic kingdoms of the western African forest region (fl. 13th–19th century).

head of an obaHead of an oba, Edo brass sculpture from the court of Benin, Nigeria, 16th century; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.Photograph by Katie Chao. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, The Michael C. Rockefeller Memorial Collection, bequest of Nelson A. Rockefeller, 1979 (1979.206.86)

Benin

QUICK FACTS

DATEc. 1201 - c. 1897
KEY PEOPLEOzoluaRELATED TOPICSsacred kingshiphuman sacrificeEdoslave trade

Tradition asserts that the Edopeople became dissatisfied with the rule of a dynasty of semimythical kings, the ogisos,and in the 13th century they invited Prince Oranmiyan of Ife to rule them. His son Eweka is regarded as the first oba, or king, of Benin, though authority would remain for many years with a hereditary order of local chiefs. Late in the 13th century, royal power began to assert itself under the oba Ewedo and was firmly established under the most famous oba, Ewuare the Great (reigned c. 1440–80), who was described as a great warrior and magician. He established a hereditary succession to the throne and vastly expanded the territory of the Benin kingdom, which by the mid-16th century extended from the Niger Riverdelta in the east to what is now Lagos in the west. (Lagos was in fact founded by a Benin army and continued to pay tribute to the obaof Benin until the end of the 19th century.) Ewuare also rebuilt the capital (present-day Benin City), endowing it with great walls and moats. The oba became the supreme political, judicial, economic, and spiritual leader of his people, and he and his ancestors eventually became the object of state cults that utilized human sacrifice in their religious observances.

READ MORE ON THIS TOPIC

Nigeria: Yorubaland and Benin

Ife, which flourished between the 11th and 15th centuries, emerged as a major power in the forested areas…

Ewuare was succeeded by a line of strong obas, chief of whom were Ozolua the Conqueror (c. 1481–c.1504; the son of Ewuare) and Esigie (early to mid-16th century; the son of Ozolua), who enjoyed good relations with the Portuguese and sent ambassadors to their king. Under these obas Benin became a highly organized state. Its numerous craftsmen were organized into guilds, and the kingdom became famous for its ivory and wood carvers. Its brasssmiths and bronze casters excelled at making naturalistic heads, bas-reliefs, and other sculptures. From the 15th through the 18th century Benin carried on an active trade in ivory, palm oil, and pepper with Portuguese and Dutch traders, for whom it served as a link with tribes in the interior of western Africa. It also profited greatly from the slave trade. But during the 18th and early 19th centuries the kingdom was weakened by violent succession struggles between members of the royal dynasty, some of which erupted into civil wars. The weaker obas sequestered themselves in their palaces and took refuge in the rituals of divine kingship while indiscriminately granting aristocratic titles to an expanding class of nonproductive nobles. The kingdom’s prosperity declined with the suppression of the slave trade, and, as its territorial extent shrank, Benin’s leaders increasingly relied on supernatural rituals and large-scale human sacrifices to protect the state from further territorial encroachment. The practice of human sacrifice was stamped out only after the burning of Benin City in 1897 by the British, after which the depopulated and debilitated kingdom was incorporated into British Nigeria. The descendants of Benin’s ruling dynasty still occupy the throne in Benin City (although the present-day oba has only an advisory role in government).



cry

Huge human sacrifice rituals and as you well know they were mostly always slaves.

Very disheartening


The Coronavirus is pedophilia Baal worship a detractor public scare scripted by the Simpson cartoon as well as other forms of medium.


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