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Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 5:02pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
This topic was written because an ignoramus admitted he was ignorant to how processors function. So I have taken it upon myself to explain the basics of processors to the best of my knowledge. My hope is that we all become enlightened. In March 1971, Intel released a product that would revolutionize the world as we know it. They released the Intel 4004. A CPU that went on to bring computing into homes and signalled the start of the PC boom of the 80s. This CPU was fitted with 2300 transistors and could execute 46,250 to 92,500 instructions per second. This CPU is a 4-bit CPU. In comparison, the Core i9 has billions of transistors and can perform 80 billion instructions in a second. In this part, we’re going to talk about binary as a machine language, transistors and their significance, data, instruction and some simple basic CPU terms. Lets begin. In digital electronics, everything is represented in binary. Binary is a system of counting in twos (or two numbers) which are 1 and 0. So in binary, 1=01, 2=10, 3=11, 4=100, 5=101, 6=110, 7=111 etc. These two numbers (1 & 0) represents dual (2) states e.g. 1 (on) and 0 (off) or 1 (up) and 0 (down). At it’s most basic state, each 1 or 0 is called a BIT. A transistor is a semi-conductor that can be used to switch on or switch off electrical signals in a circuit. A bit is transmitted as a voltage level. So if inside a CPU, a transistor allows 10V for example to flow past a junction, it is regarded as a 1, if it allows no current to pass, it is regarded as a 0. When these states (1 and 0) are combined, the CPU generates data. When 8 states or bits are added together, you get a byte. That is 10011011 = 1byte. A byte can represent 256 states ranging from 0-256, -128 to 127, it can also represent alphabets, colours, pictures or sound. Older CPUs were built with 4bit, 8bit(1byte) or 16bit(2bytes). When multiple bytes are joined together, you get a word. You can have a 32bit word, 64 bit word or even a 128bit word. The native word size with which a CPU is built forms part of its architecture. 10011101010101011000101011010110=32bit word. A 32 bit word can represent 4,294,967,295 states of data. Now lets go back to our Intel 4004. Intel 4004 was a 4bit CPU so this means that when data passes through it, it passes in 4bits. The same applies to 8bit, 16bit, 32bit and 64bit CPUs. The architecture for smartphones currently is the 64bit by ARM. The most important bits of CPU data are instructions. Instructions are elemental operations such as math commands that a CPU executes. They are unique bits of data that guide CPU operations e.g add, move data, fetch data, subtract, go etc. These commands are used in writing code. The entire list of instruction that a CPU supports is called an instruction set. Each instruction has a binary representation (machine language) and a human readable presentation (assembly language). In other words, a CPU can also be said to be an instruction processing machine. The instruction set that a CPU comes with makes up its programming. A CPU works in three phases (fetch – decode – execute) that means, it collects the data from the ROM (storage), runs it through its instruction set, executes the commands and outputs the data. The process by which a CPU does fetch – decode – execute is called a CLOCK CYCLE, and the speed by which it completes on clock cycle is called a CLOCK SPEED. Hopefully we can look at ALU and Logic gates as well as RAM function in the next topic. Pic 1. An Intel 4004 4bit CPU showing how data passes through it. Pic 2. An instruction set with assembly language and it's binary language Pic 3. CPU and RAM 10 Likes 1 Share
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Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by Karex81(m): 5:25pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
Op well-done, nice article. Front page material Ignorant transsion marketers should come and read this. 5 Likes |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by ajailer(m): 5:52pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
nice article, keep it coming 2 Likes |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 5:52pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
Karex81: Thanks bro. FP for where. Abeg leave am here jare. If it's not a snake, it's not making FP. 1 Like |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 5:53pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
ajailer: Thank you. |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by skywalker240(m): 6:01pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
Lalasticlala, this is the time to prove yourself. is it a thread that enlightens or a thread that gossip about rape? make Nairaland what it used to be back in 2010-2014 3 Likes |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by drjprince: 7:09pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
Lalasticlala,myndd44 and Seun una no go see this thread If it Henryneo,henry007 and that other one called misstechy post their nonsense Una go move am to front page Nairaland beginning to disgust me 5 Likes |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 8:08pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
Bro leave am. @Drjprince @Skywalker240 We're not doing this for them na. If you notice, you won't find Transsion people here. They've gone quiet recently sef. Let it go. 2 Likes 1 Share |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by SweetBuns(f): 9:13pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
atheistandproud:You can never find them in educative threads like this. But they go about opening threads based on lies and deceit, coaxing poor nlanders to believe they know what they're saying. 4 Likes 1 Share |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by khingTony(m): 9:31pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
atheistandproud: you guys dey make me laugh Transsion people for this thread? wetin dey want find for here? Transsion people no dey read na, if they no see "MP", "mAh" And "Inches" e no consign them. 8 Likes 2 Shares |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 10:40pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
khingTony: True this. |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 11:09pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
A mod moved the topic to this section? |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by ernxto(m): 11:17pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
atheistandproud:These mods self. Always doing the wrong things 1 Like |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 11:34pm On Jun 03, 2020 |
ernxto: They pretend like they don't see intelligent posts. Na only YouTubers that pay them na them dey promote. This proves it. 3 Likes 1 Share |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by losdiose(m): 7:27am On Jun 04, 2020 |
atheistandproud: My guy at it again Bless up man 3 Likes |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by ShunTecnoInfinix: 7:55am On Jun 04, 2020 |
Nice article bro 1 Like |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by Chuksteric(m): 6:16pm On Jun 04, 2020 |
Why exactly was this topic moved? Mods just be flexible unnecessary powers... Nairaland is on the decline 1 Like |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by Nickshrapnel: 7:17pm On Jun 04, 2020 |
Some of you guys are awful and always quick to insult people you don’t even know irl |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 12:29pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
ShunTecnoInfinix: Thanks. |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by edoairways: 7:50pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
SweetBuns:Why can't you let them be? Or you want dragnet to delete this if fight starts? |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 7:54pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
I wanted to start a introduction to CPU basics for smartphones, starting from the very beginning, binary and data and rounding up with RAM and ROM. I woke up the next morning and found that my post had been moved from where I meant for it to be. I moved it back to the right place where it ought to be (with the comment "an oversabi mod moved my topic" ) and I got banned for 1 week. In which universe is the word "oversabi" an insult? What's the criteria for moving posts about? Is this not tyranny? |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 7:56pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
edoairways: He can if he wants to. This is Nairaland. I won't stoop so low as to create an alternate account. I'll move my intellectual property off and delete my account. Enough is enough. 2 Likes |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by chariisGRACE(m): 8:31pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
Our dear Seun, Accounts dey delete on a daily for this forum o, people dey comot. Abi u no seem am? Abeg tell your MODs to calm down. |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by sunshineV(f): 10:27pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
na wa o. atheist open thread mod move am, another person open thread say why mod move atheist thread? mod ban am we are done for
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Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 10:34pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
sunshineV: He may even ban you for this comment sef. Since morning, there has been a deleting spree. 1 Like |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 10:35pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
@TheOdd1sOut That was a fine post you wrote on Itel. |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by sunshineV(f): 10:37pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
atheistandproud: make dem Kuku rename nairaland to trashland mod ma ban mi o
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Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 10:40pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
sunshineV: You're one of the reasons I come here oh. You too funny
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Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by Osasnidas(m): 11:02pm On Jun 05, 2020 |
Athiestandproud I dey follow you bumper to bumper... Your thread too make sense... Feed us more bro... It's about time people start learning about what is in their smartphones 2 Likes |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by TheOdd1sOut: 9:19am On Jun 06, 2020 |
atheistandproud:Thanks sir 1 Like |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by theoneJabulani(m): 5:35pm On Jun 06, 2020 |
Dragnet wont stop until Seun feels the negative effects of his(dragnet) actions. atheistandproud:please don't be discouraged, truth can never be subdued forever |
Re: Introduction To CPU Basics (A Crash Course) by atheistandproud(m): 7:35pm On Jun 06, 2020 |
theoneJabulani: Thanks bros. I really appreciate. |
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