What Is Insomnia?

Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which you have trouble falling and/or staying asleep.

The condition can be short-term (acute) or can last a long time (chronic). It may also come and go.

Acute insomnia lasts from 1 night to a few weeks. Insomnia is chronic when it happens at least 3 nights a week for 3 months or more.

Types of Insomnia
There are two types of insomnia: primary and secondary.


Primary insomnia: This means your sleep problems aren’t linked to any other health condition or problem.

Secondary insomnia: This means you have trouble sleeping because of a health condition (like asthma, depression, arthritis, cancer, or heartburn); pain; medication; or substance use (like alcohol).

Insomnia Causes
Causes of primary insomnia include:

Stress related to big life events, like a job loss or change, the death of a loved one, divorce, or moving
Things around you like noise, light, or temperature
Changes to your sleep schedule like jet lag, a new shift at work, or bad habits you picked up when you had other sleep problems


Causes of secondary insomnia include:

Mental health issues like depression and anxiety
Medications for colds, allergies, depression, high blood pressure, and asthma
Pain or discomfort at night
Caffeine, tobacco, or alcohol use
Hyperthyroidism and other endocrine problems
Other sleep disorders, like sleep apnea or restless legs syndrome

Insomnia Risk Factors
Insomnia affects women more than men and older people more than younger ones. Young and middle-age African Americans also have a higher risk.

Other risk factors include:

Long-term illness
Mental health issues
Working night shifts or shifts that rotate

Insomnia Symptoms
Symptoms of insomnia include:

Sleepiness during the day
Fatigue
Grumpiness
Problems with concentration or memory

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