EDUCATION
BIOLOGY [Genetics]
February 01, 2021




GENETICS
Genetics - Wikipedia



DEFINITION AND TERMS IN USE

1.Genetics:This is the scientific study of heredity and variation in living organisms.

2.Heridity:This is the transmission of characters from parents to their offspring through gene.

3.Variation:These are the differences that exist between parents and their offspring as well as among their offspring.

4.Gametes:Are the matured sex cells that takes part in sexual reproduction.

5.Phynotype:This is the outward manifestation or appearance of an organism.

6.Genotype:This is the inward or genetic make-up of an organism which consist of the dominant and ressesive traits .

7.Traits:This is the character or characteristics of an organisms.e.g:height,skin colour,seed size,e.t.c.

Genetics - Wikipedia

8.Genes:Genes are hereditary units or the basic unit of inheritance which are responsible for the transmission of characters from parents to offspring.

9.zygote:This is the outcome of the fusion of the male and female gamete.

10.Chromosomes:This is a rod-like or thread-like bodies in the nucleus of a cell.It caries or houses gene.



TRANSMISSION AND EXPRESSION OF CHARACTERISTICS IN ORGANISMS

Parents transmit different traits to their offspring and it goes from generation to generation. Some transmittable trait in humans are: colour blindness,tounge rolling,intelligence,sickle cell anamea,blood group,skin colour,hair colour,eye colour,fingerprint,height,body shape e.t.c

Examples of transmittable traits in plants are:food content of fruit,size of leaf,size of fruit,height of plant,taste of fruit,life span,colour of leaf,colour of flower,colour of fruit and resistance to disease.

The characteristics that can be transmitted are those that are controlled by genes.An organism has two sets of chromosomes i.e diploid number which is known as Homolegous with copies of each gene occupying identical loci on the chromosomes

During meiosis diploid organisms provide gametes. The male produces sperm and the female produces egg cell of ova. The number of chromosomes in a cell is half i.e each gamete with one copy of each genes

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