Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, is a condition in which the kidneys are no longer able to function properly. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood and producing urine.
When the kidneys fail, waste and fluid build up in the body, which can cause a range of symptoms and complications.

There are two main types of kidney failure: acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Acute kidney injury occurs suddenly and is often caused by a sudden drop in blood flow to the kidneys, injury or trauma to the kidneys, or certain medications or toxins. Symptoms may include decreased urine output, swelling in the legs or feet, fatigue, nausea, and confusion.

Chronic kidney disease develops over time and is usually caused by underlying conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or glomerulonephritis. Symptoms may not appear until the kidneys are severely damaged, and may include fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, swelling in the hands and feet, and difficulty sleeping.

Treatment for kidney failure may include medications, dialysis (a process that removes waste and excess fluid from the blood), or kidney transplant. It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider if you are concerned about your kidney health or if you are experiencing symptoms of kidney failure.

There are many potential causes of kidney failure in human beings. Some common causes include:

Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage and, over time, kidney failure.

High blood pressure: When blood pressure is too high, the blood vessels in the kidneys can become damaged, leading to kidney failure.

Glomerulonephritis: This is a group of diseases that cause inflammation and damage to the filtering units (glomeruli) of the kidneys.

Polycystic kidney disease: This is an inherited condition in which fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure over time.

Kidney stones: If kidney stones are not treated, they can cause damage to the kidneys and potentially lead to kidney failure.

Infections: Infections, such as pyelonephritis (kidney infection) or sepsis, can cause damage to the kidneys.

Certain medications: Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can cause kidney damage if taken for extended periods of time or in high doses.

Autoimmune diseases: Some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, can cause damage to the kidneys.
Congenital defects: Some people are born with abnormalities in their kidneys that can lead to kidney failure later in life.


https://thisweekng.com/2023/04/what-are-the-causes-of-kidney-failures/