Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,154,083 members, 7,821,737 topics. Date: Wednesday, 08 May 2024 at 05:27 PM

Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs - Health (3) - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Health / Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs (36732 Views)

Codeine Ban: Five Other Pharmaceutical Drugs Abused By Nigerians / Codeine Ban: Five Other Pharmaceutical Drugs Abused By Nigerians / Inside Phamatex Lagos As The Sun Management Visits Pharmaceutical Giant (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (3) (Reply) (Go Down)

Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by Jman06(m): 6:44am On Jul 13, 2023
chi4ik4:
Emal, an anti malaria injection nearly end my life. The nurses/,doctors refused to stop giving me the Emal injections. I had heart attack for 4 days consecutively and it stopped when I stopped taking the Emal injections.

I have spent over 1.5m running test and treatment.

Luckily for me, my lipid profile is good, kidney function perfect, no high blood pressure, PCV 42, blood sugar 5.0, my ECG, ECO and troponin test restore to most perfect condition, my arteries has no plaque (not blocked) and no any atom of infection.

I'm perfectly fine now. Guys, stay away from EMAL INJECTIONS.
You must have long QT interval hence your reaction to the drug. Many drugs cause cardiac arrythmias in individuals with pathological or idiopathic QT interval prolongation. It becomes worse when you use more than one drug with such effect.

This is why we've been advocating for Pharmacists to be involved in monitoring patients at every stage of drugs administration. If a clinical pharmacist had been there, he would have noticed what was happening to you and simply advise the physician to change drugs. You wouldn't have had that event nor spend the extra funds like you did.

So, whenever you read or see Pharmacists clamor for advancement in their clinical practice, just know that they're doing that to protect patients from having similar experience like yours, not that they just want to be like the physician as some insecure Nigerian doctors would say.

2 Likes

Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by Kei144(m): 7:04am On Jul 13, 2023
The mother of a student of mine (about 18 years old) called me and told me that another student called to tell her that her son was very sick in a morning that he had exam to write. She was told that the son could not stand for long without falling down. She begged me to help her find out what his sickness was since she resides very far from where her son was. I was still in my residence when the call came, after which I took my time to get ready. By the time I got to office, it was already past 10 am. Then I went to look for the boy in front of the hostel. A student helped to call him out. He and I sat on a bench and I began to interview him. It turned out that he had been sick for few days, so on this day of exam he woke up in the morning and took some malaria medicine together with ciprofloxacin without eating any food, in order to ensure he would be able to write the exam. By the time I was speaking with him (after 10 am), he still hadn't eaten and the exam was already gone. Fortunately, there was a woman selling moi-moi very near us; in fact the bench we were stting on belonged to the woman. I told the woman to give him moi-moi to eat immediately. The friends of the boy were going to get a keke to carry him to hospital for injection before I came, but I discovered that his problem was only taking two very hard drugs without eating any food.

Later in the day the mother of the boy called to say that I didn't call back to tell her what was wrong with her son, then I told her what happened. Apparently, I had expected to see a terrible health situation that would warrant making arrangement to ship the boy to a major hospital, but when I realized that it was just a case of taking two hard drugs without eating any food for hours, I basically forgot about getting back to the mother.

2 Likes

Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by 007Marvel(m): 7:28am On Jul 13, 2023
Made2Last:
In spite of the number of people who would end up reading this post, don't be surprised that a vast majority will still not heed to the call to stay away from drugs, of whatever form.

I got depressed recently and startled taking Marijuana because I realized it made me calm and sleepy, influenced by a friend as weed consumption is a No No, then someone came along with crystal meth! Before that I already sworn I'll never make myself addicted to anything, have seen and experienced the wrong side of addiction. Long story short, one time I took the crystal meth, crack which have never tried before and drank some whiskey! It made me really calm but too calm! Sometimes I couldn't even hear those next to me talking! I would sit and talk to no one. After I regained myself I quickly stopped taking anything. While they mighty have the desired effect the side effects far outweighs it! And I pityt those consuming crystal meth! It makes you active, no sleep and lost of appetite, you could go a day without sleep or food and you'd be happy! Why you might not feel it, the body is slowly dying because the body needs food to function properly. Have always hated drugs in any form, drug abuse should be the last thing anyone should do, because of how effective they can be.

1 Like

Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by olasaad(f): 7:37am On Jul 13, 2023
WEALTHYLADYTIME:
NIGERIA PHARMACEUTICAL STUFFS DIED WITH
DR DORA,


INFACT ALL MINISTIES AND ADMINISTRATIONS DIED COMPLETELY DURING EVIL BUHARI'S TENOR.










JESUS IS LORD


WEALTH IS GOOD.

Well Prof Dora doesn't believe in the drugs. That was why she seek healing from the pastors rather than medical practitioners when she was down with cancer.
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by goldmatrix(m): 7:38am On Jul 13, 2023
The one called Buhari has killed thousands, and rendered some incapacitated, sick and hopeless.
Now enter tinubu promax. Has just resumed duty. This one will sweep the nation dry. Very toxic drugs
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by frankoben(m): 8:04am On Jul 13, 2023
PublicHealthNig:
The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in advancing healthcare, providing numerous life-saving medications that improve the quality of life for millions of people worldwide. However, alongside their many benefits, pharmaceutical drugs also carry risks, and in some unfortunate cases, they can lead to tragic consequences, including death.
In this article, we delve into some of the popular deaths caused by pharmaceutical drugs, highlighting the need for stringent safety measures and constant vigilance within the industry.

1. Vioxx (Rofecoxib): One of the most well-known instances of pharmaceutical-related deaths is the case of Vioxx. Manufactured by Merck & Co., Vioxx was a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescribed for pain relief associated with conditions like arthritis. However, studies revealed an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in patients taking Vioxx, leading to its withdrawal from the market in 2004. It is estimated that the drug may have caused thousands of deaths worldwide. One of the prominent figures who died due to Vioxx is Robert C. Ernst.
While not a widely known celebrity, his case became highly publicized due to the legal implications surrounding his death. Robert C. Ernst, a 59-year-old marathon runner and former Vioxx user, died in 2001 from a heart attack. His widow, Carol Ernst, filed a lawsuit against Merck & Co., the manufacturer of Vioxx, alleging that the drug caused her husband's death. The case gained significant attention as it became the first Vioxx-related lawsuit to go to trial.
During the trial, it was argued that Vioxx significantly increased the risk of heart attacks and strokes, and Merck allegedly failed to adequately warn patients and physicians about these risks. The jury found Merck liable for Robert Ernst's death and awarded his widow $253 million in damages, which was later reduced due to legal limitations. This landmark case set a precedent for numerous subsequent lawsuits against Merck and played a significant role in raising awareness about the potential dangers associated with Vioxx.
It is important to note that while Robert Ernst's case gained widespread attention, there were numerous other individuals who died or experienced adverse health effects as a result of taking Vioxx. The collective impact of these cases ultimately led to the withdrawal of Vioxx from the market and spurred significant changes in drug safety regulations and monitoring processes.

2. OxyContin (Oxycodone): The opioid crisis has caused devastation across many countries, and OxyContin, a powerful painkiller, has been at the center of it. Although initially marketed as a safer alternative to other opioids due to its extended-release formula, the drug's addictive nature and potential for abuse resulted in widespread misuse. Countless lives have been lost due to overdoses involving OxyContin, prompting tighter regulations on opioid prescriptions and increased efforts to combat addiction. One notable person whose death was associated with OxyContin is musician and artist Prince. On April 21, 2016, Prince was found unresponsive in his home in Minnesota and was later pronounced dead. The official cause of his death was determined to be an accidental overdose of fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid. It was reported that Prince had been prescribed pain medication to manage chronic hip pain.
While OxyContin was not specifically mentioned as the drug involved in Prince's overdose, it is worth noting that OxyContin belongs to the same class of drugs (opioids) as fentanyl a synthetic opioid that is up to 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine. It is a major contributor to fatal and nonfatal overdoses in the U.S.. Both drugs carry a high risk of addiction and can cause respiratory depression when taken in excessive amounts. The tragic death of Prince brought further attention to the opioid crisis and the dangers associated with prescription painkillers.

Prince's death served as a catalyst for discussions surrounding opioid misuse, the need for better pain management alternatives, and increased efforts to address addiction and overdose prevention. It highlighted the devastating consequences that can arise from the misuse or abuse of powerful prescription medications, including OxyContin.

3. Thalidomide: In the 1950s and 1960s, Thalidomide was prescribed as a sedative and to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. Tragically, it was later discovered that the drug caused severe birth defects, leading to limb abnormalities and other developmental issues in thousands of children. The Thalidomide tragedy raised awareness about the importance of rigorous testing and safety protocols, leading to significant improvements in drug approval processes.
In response to the devastating impact of thalidomide, various compensation programs and legal settlements were established in different countries to support the affected individuals and their families. These initiatives aimed to provide financial assistance, medical care, and other forms of support to help address the lifelong challenges faced by thalidomide survivors.
In many countries, pharmaceutical companies that marketed thalidomide or their insurers have been held accountable for the damage caused by the drug. The compensation programs have been established through legal settlements, government-funded initiatives, or collaborations between the affected individuals and pharmaceutical companies.
The specific details and extent of thalidomide compensation vary across countries. For instance, in Germany, the Contergan Foundation was established in 1972 as a government-funded organization to provide lifelong financial support, medical assistance, and social services to thalidomide survivors. In the United Kingdom, the Thalidomide Trust was set up to provide financial assistance, healthcare support, and mobility aids to the affected individuals.

4. Accutane (Isotretinoin): Accutane, a medication used to treat severe acne, has been linked to a number of deaths by suicide. While it is essential to acknowledge that mental health conditions can be complex, Accutane has been associated with an increased risk of depression and suicidal ideation. In response to these concerns, strict protocols have been established to monitor patients taking the drug and provide appropriate support.
One notable case is that of Charles Bishop, a 15-year-old student pilot in Florida. In January 2002, Bishop stole a small aircraft and crashed it into a building in Tampa, resulting in his own death. It was reported that Bishop had been taking Accutane at the time. His actions sparked debates and raised concerns about the potential link between Accutane and suicidal behavior.
The association between Accutane and suicidal ideation has been the subject of extensive scrutiny and scientific investigation. In response to these concerns, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) implemented strict guidelines for the use of Accutane, including the implementation of the iPLEDGE program in 2006. This program requires patients, prescribers, and pharmacies to adhere to specific protocols to ensure the safe use of the medication, including regular monitoring of patients' mental health.

5. Propofol: Propofol, a potent anesthetic, gained notoriety due to its association with the death of pop icon Michael Jackson in 2009. Although primarily intended for use in hospital settings, the misuse and abuse of Propofol can have fatal consequences. Another notable Propofol-related death is that of Joan Rivers, the renowned comedian and television personality. In August 2014, Joan Rivers underwent a routine endoscopy at a New York City clinic. During the procedure, she was administered Propofol for sedation. Unfortunately, Rivers went into cardiac arrest and subsequently passed away a few days later.
The New York City Medical Examiner's Office determined that the primary cause of Joan Rivers' death was a lack of oxygen to the brain due to the cardiac arrest. While the administration of Propofol was not identified as the sole cause of her death, its use during the procedure raised questions and concerns about the safety and appropriate use of the drug outside of hospital settings.

The tragic incident involving Joan Rivers shed light on the importance of proper training, monitoring, and adherence to established protocols when using Propofol, especially outside the controlled environment of a hospital operating room. It emphasized the need for strict supervision and skilled healthcare professionals trained in anesthesia to administer and monitor the effects of Propofol safely.
The case of Joan Rivers underscored the potential risks associated with the misuse or improper administration of Propofol, a powerful anesthetic medication. It served as a reminder of the critical role of healthcare professionals in ensuring patient safety and the importance of maintaining stringent protocols when using medications with potentially serious side effects.

Conclusion
The instances of popular deaths caused by pharmaceutical drugs highlight the delicate balance between the benefits and risks associated with medications. While pharmaceutical drugs have transformed healthcare and saved countless lives, it is crucial for the industry to maintain strict safety standards, conduct thorough clinical trials, and promptly address emerging concerns.
These tragic incidents serve as reminders of the continuous need for robust regulatory systems, comprehensive patient education, and ongoing monitoring of medications even after they have been approved. By doing so, the medical community can strive to minimize the risks and ensure that patients receive the utmost care and safety when using pharmaceutical drugs.

Source: https://medssafety.com/notable-deaths-caused-by-pharmaceutical-drugs/


In recent times, some responsible drug abusers have come together and formed an organisation which seeks to research and figure out the safest ways to abuse drugs and other illicit substances.

The name of the organisation is,. Drug and Substance Abuse Commission. (DSAC) grin grin
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by Dobodobo04: 8:19am On Jul 13, 2023
Let’s not forget that while this is unfortunate, there are billions of lives saved thanks to pharmaceutical drugs.

Let’s trust science and enhance its progress.

Science is that bright light that shines intensely in gross darkness.

With more research, it gets better.
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by awesomegenius(m): 8:37am On Jul 13, 2023
OboOlora:
Why is paracetamol not there?
After alcohol, that drug is the second cause of liver failure in Nigerians
Headache: Paracetamol
High BP: Paracetamol
Stress: Paracetamol
Fever: Paracetamol
Low sperm count: Paracetamol
STD: Paracetamol

Awon werey🤣


Overdose of paracetamol causes liver failure.
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by awesomegenius(m): 8:38am On Jul 13, 2023
psucc:
My friend, a Nurse told me that "every drug is a potential poison, even paracetamol".


Yeah, every drug is a potential poison. Even vitamin C
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by treatise: 1:46pm On Jul 13, 2023
Made2Last:
In spite of the number of people who would end up reading this post, don't be surprised that a vast majority will still not heed to the call to stay away from drugs, of whatever form.
I usually wonder what one would gain if one is HIGH on substances that would ultimately destroy oneself.
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by naijapikin2(m): 9:08pm On Jul 13, 2023
Just look at their names sef.

They look and sound meth-like
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by Originalsly: 12:20am On Jul 14, 2023
The pharmaceutical drug makers are about money ... it's big business and business is not about humanity .. it is about profits. The sooner we understand this the sooner we will he making better choices for our health. Too many of us ... at the first sign of ill health we want to know which pharmaceutical drug to take. Our parents... grandparents ... forefathers ... for the same complaint used particular herbs to cure ... not manage ... to cure that ailment. We know this ... but are not interested... we prefer to take a chance on pharmaceuticals that we know little or nothing about. I'm not saying we should never ever take pharmaceuticals ... but we should not turn our backs on proven traditional remedies. COVID-19 shots should be listed... but then ones will ask where is the evidence? Auto immune diseases suddenly spike ... blood related complications ... mortician reporting strings of clot blood in the blood vessels ... something that they have never seen before now common... with the vaccinated dead. We need to use natural remedies as much as possible .... mango leaves and many others to control diabetes .... sour sop and others to take care of cancer... and soooo many more. Take a pill for one complaint... no doubt it will work fine... only to find as a side effect your mouth start twitching ... there's a other pill to stop that... then the side effect of that is dehydration... there's a pill for that .... and so it continues and the pharmaceutical companies have you in lock.
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by Hassanmaye(m): 10:47am On Jul 14, 2023
PublicHealthNig:
The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in advancing healthcare, providing numerous life-saving medications that improve the quality of life for millions of people worldwide. However, alongside their many benefits, pharmaceutical drugs also carry risks, and in some unfortunate cases, they can lead to tragic consequences, including death.
In this article, we delve into some of the popular deaths caused by pharmaceutical drugs, highlighting the need for stringent safety measures and constant vigilance within the industry.

1. Vioxx (Rofecoxib): One of the most well-known instances of pharmaceutical-related deaths is the case of Vioxx. Manufactured by Merck & Co., Vioxx was a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescribed for pain relief associated with conditions like arthritis. However, studies revealed an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in patients taking Vioxx, leading to its withdrawal from the market in 2004. It is estimated that the drug may have caused thousands of deaths worldwide. One of the prominent figures who died due to Vioxx is Robert C. Ernst.
While not a widely known celebrity, his case became highly publicized due to the legal implications surrounding his death. Robert C. Ernst, a 59-year-old marathon runner and former Vioxx user, died in 2001 from a heart attack. His widow, Carol Ernst, filed a lawsuit against Merck & Co., the manufacturer of Vioxx, alleging that the drug caused her husband's death. The case gained significant attention as it became the first Vioxx-related lawsuit to go to trial.
During the trial, it was argued that Vioxx significantly increased the risk of heart attacks and strokes, and Merck allegedly failed to adequately warn patients and physicians about these risks. The jury found Merck liable for Robert Ernst's death and awarded his widow $253 million in damages, which was later reduced due to legal limitations. This landmark case set a precedent for numerous subsequent lawsuits against Merck and played a significant role in raising awareness about the potential dangers associated with Vioxx.
It is important to note that while Robert Ernst's case gained widespread attention, there were numerous other individuals who died or experienced adverse health effects as a result of taking Vioxx. The collective impact of these cases ultimately led to the withdrawal of Vioxx from the market and spurred significant changes in drug safety regulations and monitoring processes.

2. OxyContin (Oxycodone): The opioid crisis has caused devastation across many countries, and OxyContin, a powerful painkiller, has been at the center of it. Although initially marketed as a safer alternative to other opioids due to its extended-release formula, the drug's addictive nature and potential for abuse resulted in widespread misuse. Countless lives have been lost due to overdoses involving OxyContin, prompting tighter regulations on opioid prescriptions and increased efforts to combat addiction. One notable person whose death was associated with OxyContin is musician and artist Prince. On April 21, 2016, Prince was found unresponsive in his home in Minnesota and was later pronounced dead. The official cause of his death was determined to be an accidental overdose of fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid. It was reported that Prince had been prescribed pain medication to manage chronic hip pain.
While OxyContin was not specifically mentioned as the drug involved in Prince's overdose, it is worth noting that OxyContin belongs to the same class of drugs (opioids) as fentanyl a synthetic opioid that is up to 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times stronger than morphine. It is a major contributor to fatal and nonfatal overdoses in the U.S.. Both drugs carry a high risk of addiction and can cause respiratory depression when taken in excessive amounts. The tragic death of Prince brought further attention to the opioid crisis and the dangers associated with prescription painkillers.

Prince's death served as a catalyst for discussions surrounding opioid misuse, the need for better pain management alternatives, and increased efforts to address addiction and overdose prevention. It highlighted the devastating consequences that can arise from the misuse or abuse of powerful prescription medications, including OxyContin.

3. Thalidomide: In the 1950s and 1960s, Thalidomide was prescribed as a sedative and to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. Tragically, it was later discovered that the drug caused severe birth defects, leading to limb abnormalities and other developmental issues in thousands of children. The Thalidomide tragedy raised awareness about the importance of rigorous testing and safety protocols, leading to significant improvements in drug approval processes.
In response to the devastating impact of thalidomide, various compensation programs and legal settlements were established in different countries to support the affected individuals and their families. These initiatives aimed to provide financial assistance, medical care, and other forms of support to help address the lifelong challenges faced by thalidomide survivors.
In many countries, pharmaceutical companies that marketed thalidomide or their insurers have been held accountable for the damage caused by the drug. The compensation programs have been established through legal settlements, government-funded initiatives, or collaborations between the affected individuals and pharmaceutical companies.
The specific details and extent of thalidomide compensation vary across countries. For instance, in Germany, the Contergan Foundation was established in 1972 as a government-funded organization to provide lifelong financial support, medical assistance, and social services to thalidomide survivors. In the United Kingdom, the Thalidomide Trust was set up to provide financial assistance, healthcare support, and mobility aids to the affected individuals.

4. Accutane (Isotretinoin): Accutane, a medication used to treat severe acne, has been linked to a number of deaths by suicide. While it is essential to acknowledge that mental health conditions can be complex, Accutane has been associated with an increased risk of depression and suicidal ideation. In response to these concerns, strict protocols have been established to monitor patients taking the drug and provide appropriate support.
One notable case is that of Charles Bishop, a 15-year-old student pilot in Florida. In January 2002, Bishop stole a small aircraft and crashed it into a building in Tampa, resulting in his own death. It was reported that Bishop had been taking Accutane at the time. His actions sparked debates and raised concerns about the potential link between Accutane and suicidal behavior.
The association between Accutane and suicidal ideation has been the subject of extensive scrutiny and scientific investigation. In response to these concerns, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) implemented strict guidelines for the use of Accutane, including the implementation of the iPLEDGE program in 2006. This program requires patients, prescribers, and pharmacies to adhere to specific protocols to ensure the safe use of the medication, including regular monitoring of patients' mental health.

5. Propofol: Propofol, a potent anesthetic, gained notoriety due to its association with the death of pop icon Michael Jackson in 2009. Although primarily intended for use in hospital settings, the misuse and abuse of Propofol can have fatal consequences. Another notable Propofol-related death is that of Joan Rivers, the renowned comedian and television personality. In August 2014, Joan Rivers underwent a routine endoscopy at a New York City clinic. During the procedure, she was administered Propofol for sedation. Unfortunately, Rivers went into cardiac arrest and subsequently passed away a few days later.
The New York City Medical Examiner's Office determined that the primary cause of Joan Rivers' death was a lack of oxygen to the brain due to the cardiac arrest. While the administration of Propofol was not identified as the sole cause of her death, its use during the procedure raised questions and concerns about the safety and appropriate use of the drug outside of hospital settings.

The tragic incident involving Joan Rivers shed light on the importance of proper training, monitoring, and adherence to established protocols when using Propofol, especially outside the controlled environment of a hospital operating room. It emphasized the need for strict supervision and skilled healthcare professionals trained in anesthesia to administer and monitor the effects of Propofol safely.
The case of Joan Rivers underscored the potential risks associated with the misuse or improper administration of Propofol, a powerful anesthetic medication. It served as a reminder of the critical role of healthcare professionals in ensuring patient safety and the importance of maintaining stringent protocols when using medications with potentially serious side effects.

Conclusion
The instances of popular deaths caused by pharmaceutical drugs highlight the delicate balance between the benefits and risks associated with medications. While pharmaceutical drugs have transformed healthcare and saved countless lives, it is crucial for the industry to maintain strict safety standards, conduct thorough clinical trials, and promptly address emerging concerns.
These tragic incidents serve as reminders of the continuous need for robust regulatory systems, comprehensive patient education, and ongoing monitoring of medications even after they have been approved. By doing so, the medical community can strive to minimize the risks and ensure that patients receive the utmost care and safety when using pharmaceutical drugs.

Source: https://medssafety.com/notable-deaths-caused-by-pharmaceutical-drugs/
With the situation of the country there is nothing person can do. Majority of Nigerians can't afford basic medical care we rely on quack drugs. Na God go save us.
Re: Notable Deaths Caused By Pharmaceutical Drugs by Lovelydaisies: 8:08pm On Jul 14, 2023
I saw a documentary, some time ago, about that Thalidomide...scary effects it had on the survivors/children.

(1) (2) (3) (Reply)

Body Itching After Bath: Any Solution? / Nigerian Soldier, Emmanuel, Suffers Kidney Failure, Cries Out For Help! / Health Workers Begin Indefinite Strike Today

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 94
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.