What is Crankshaft?

A crankshaft refers to a rotating shaft which is used for converting the reciprocating motion of a piston into a rotational motion. These shafts are commonly used in the internal combustion engines to with an aim to perform such operations.

Function of Crankshaft

1. There are endless functions that give a smoother drive to the motors with multiple cylinders.
2. Converting the linear motion of the piston into the rotational motion is also one of its functions.
3. The power is produced through the combustion of the fuel-air mixture.
4. The shaft of the crankshaft is bored with some holes which feeds the motor with the required quantity of oil. This oil is mainly used to smoothen the movements.
5. Crankshafts also functions as load bearing as the load gets distributed during this process.
6. One of the load is the severe bending and the torsional stress wherein the pistons are connected to the crankshaft through the connecting rod.
7. It must be noted that the rotary movement of the crankshaft accelerates and decelerates constantly where the further loads of torsional vibration is added.

The crankshaft is mounted inside the engine block with the following parts, which are as follows:

a. Pistons
b. Connecting rods
c. Flywheel
e. Crankshaft

The secondary function of a crankshaft is to transmit the power of other systems of the engine:

a. Valve timing
b. Oil pump
c. Cooling (water) pump
e. compressor of air conditioner
f. An Alternator

Fitting The Crankshaft

The crankshaft is set into the engine block through the main journal. The connecting rods are fixed to the journals of the crankshaft. Whereas on the opposite side of the conrod journals, the crankshaft has counterweights that are used to compensate for the outer moments, to minimize the internal moments, and thus reduce the vibration amplitudes and the bearing stresses.

One end of the crankshaft is connected to the flywheel, and the other end to the valve timing gearing. The number of main journals and conrod journals depends upon the number of cylinders and the types of the engine like V-type, straight etc.

Both the main journal as well as the conrod journal has lubricated crankshaft orifices or oil bore through which the oil flows whenever the engine runs. The exact place of fitting a crankshaft is on the main journals, between the crankshaft and the engine block. Their main role is to reduce the impact of friction through a layer of anti-friction material which comes in direct contact with the block mounts of the engine.

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