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What are Self-Executing Functions?
A self-executing function, also known as Immediately-invoked Function Expression (IIFE), is a JavaScript function that is defined and executed immediately after its creation. Unlike regular functions that require a call to execute their code, IIFE runs automatically. This feature is particularly handy when you want to encapsulate code and create a private scope for your variables, preventing them from polluting the global scope and is a good software development practice.

The basic syntax for an IIFE looks like this:

(function () {
// Your code here
})();
Here’s a breakdown of how this works:

Enclose the function definition within parentheses (function () { ... }).
Immediately following the closing parentheses, add another pair of parentheses ( ... ) to invoke the function.
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Inside the first set of parentheses, you can pass parameters to the IIFE just like you would with any regular function. For example:

(function (x, y) {
console.log(x + y);
})(5, 10); // Outputs: 15
Benefits of Self-Executing Functions
Self-executing functions offer several advantages that make them a valuable tool for software developers who use JavaScript:

1. Encapsulation and Scope Isolation
One of the primary benefits of IIFE is that they create a private scope for your code. Any variables declared inside an IIFE are not accessible from the outside, preventing them from conflicting with variables in the global scope or other parts of your code. This helps improve code maintainability and reduces the risk of naming collisions.

(function () {
var privateVar = 'This is private';
console.log(privateVar); // Outputs: 'This is private'
})();
console.log(typeof privateVar); // Outputs: 'undefined'

Read more
https://codeflarelimited.com/blog/javascript-self-executing-functions/