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CHAPTER 4



Web Server Types

Every Web site sits on a computer known as a Web server. This server is always connected to the internet. Every Web server that is connected to the Internet is given a unique address made up of a series of four numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods.for example, 68.178.157.132 or 68.122.35.127.

When you register a Web address, also known as a domain name, such as tutorialspoint.com you have to specify the IP address of the Web server that will host the site. You can load up with Dedicated Servers that can support your web-based operations.

There are four leading web servers: Apache, IIS, lighttpd and Jagsaw. Now we will see these servers in bit more detail.

Apart from these Web Servers, there are other Web Servers also available in the market but they are very expansive. Major ones are Netscape's iPlanet, Bea's Web Logic and IBM's Websphere.


Apache HTTP Server

This is the most popular web server in the world developed by the Apache Software Foundation. Apache web server is an open source software and can be installed on almost all operating systems including Linux, Unix, Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and more. About 60% of the web server machines run the Apache Web Server.

You can have Apache with tomcat module to have JSP and J2EE related support.

You can have detailed information about this server "Apache HTTP Server" in Google search �





Internet Information Services

The Internet Information Server (IIS) is a high performance Web Server from Microsoft. This web server runs on Windows NT/2000 and 2003 platforms ( and may be on upcoming new Windows version also). IIS comes bundled with Windows NT/2000 and 2003; Because IIS is tightly integrated with the operating system so it is relatively easy to administer it.

You can have detailed information about this server "Miscrosoft IIS" in Google search �



lighttpd

The lighttpd, pronounced lighty is also a free web server that is distributed with the FreeBSD operating system. This open source web server is fast, secure and consumes much less CPU power. Lighttpd can also run on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux and Solaris operating systems.

You can have detailed information about this server "lighttpd" in Google search �





Sun Java System Web Server

This web server from Sun Microsystems is suited for medium and large web sites. Though the server is free it is not open source. It however, runs on Windows, Linux and Unix platforms. The Sun Java System web server supports various languages, scripts and technologies required for Web 2.0 such as JSP, Java Servlets, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby on Rails, ASP and Coldfusion etc.

You can have detailed information about this server "Sun Java System Web Server" in Google search �




Jigsaw Server

Jigsaw (W3C's Server) comes from the World Wide Web Consortium. It is open source and free and can run on various platforms like Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac OS X Free BSD etc. Jigsaw has been written in Java and can run CGI scripts and PHP programs.

You can have detailed information about this server " Jigsaw Server" in Google search �

CHAPTER 3





Web Browser Types

Web Browsers are software installed on your PC. To access the Web you need a web browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.

Currently you must be using any sort of Web browser while you are navigating through my site tutorialspoint.com. On the Web, when you navigate through pages of information this is commonly known as web browsing or web surfing.

There are four leading web browsers: Explorer, FireFox, Netscape and Safari but there are many others browsers available.You might be interested in knowing Complete Browser Statistics. Now we will see these browsers in bit more detail.

While developing a site, we should try to make it compatible to as many browsers as possible. Specially site should be compatible to major browsers like Explorer, FireFox, Netscape, Opera and Safari.


Internet Explorer

Internet Explorer (IE) is a product from software giant Microsoft. This is the most commonly used browser in the universe. This was introduced in 1995 along with Windows 95 launch and it has passed Netscape popularity in 1998.







Netscape

Netscape is one of the original Web browsers. This is what Microsoft designed Internet Explorer to compete against. Netscape and IE comprise the major portion of the browser market. Netscape was introduced in 1994.





Mozilla

Mozilla is an open-source Web browser, designed for standards compliance, performance and portability. The development and testing of the browser is coordinated by providing discussion forums, software engineering tools, releases and bug tracking. Browsers based on Mozilla code is the second largest browser family on the Internet today, representing about 30% of the Internet community.





Konqueror

Konqueror is an Open Source web browser with HTML 4.01 compliance, supporting Java applets, JavaScript, CSS 1, CSS 2.1, as well as Netscape plugins. This works as a file manager as wellIt supports basic file management on local UNIX filesystems, from simple cut/copy and paste operations to advanced remote and local network file browsing.






Firefox

Firefox is a new browser derived from Mozilla. It was released in 2004 and has grown to be the second most popular browser on the Internet.







Safari

Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. and included in Mac OS X. It was first released as a public beta in January 2003. Safari has very good support for latest technologies like XHTML, CSS2 etc.







Opera

Opera is smaller and faster than most other browsers, yet it is full- featured. Fast, user-friendly, with keyboard interface, multiple windows, zoom functions, and more. Java and non Java-enabled versions available. Ideal for newcomers to the Internet, school children, handicap and as a front-end for CD-Rom and kiosks.







Lynx

Lynx is a fully-featured World Wide Web browser for users on Unix, VMS, and other platforms running cursor-addressable, character-cell terminals or emulators.

CHAPTER 2



Web How it works?

On the simplest level, the Web physically consists of following components:

Your personal computer - This is the PC at which you sit to see the web.
A Web browser - A software installed on your PC which helps you to browse the Web.
An internet connection - This is provided by an ISP and connects you to the internet to reach to any Web site.
A Web server - This is the computer on which a web site is hosted.
Routers & Switches - They are the combination of software and hardware who take your request and pass to appropriate Web server.
The Web is known as a client-server system. Your computer is the client and the remote computers that store electronic files are the servers.

Here's how web works:

When you enter something like http://www.google.com, the request goes to one of many special computers on the Internet known as Domain Name Servers (DNS). All these requests are routed through various routers and switches. The domain name servers keep tables of machine names and their IP addresses, so when you type in http://www.google.com, it gets translated into a number, which identifies the computers that serve the Google Web site to you.

When you want to view any page on the Web, you must initiate the activity by requesting a page using your browser. The browser asks a domain name server to translate the domain name you requested into an IP address. The browser then sends a request to that server for the page you want, using a standard called Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP.

The server should constantly be connected to the Internet.ready to serve pages to visitors. When it receives a request, it looks for the requested document and returns it to the Web browser. When a request is made, the server usually logs the client's IP address, the document requested, and the date and time it was requested. This information varies server to server.

An average Web page actually requires the Web browser to request more than one file from the Web server and not just the HTML / XHTML page, but also any images, style sheets, and other resources used in the web page. Each of these files including the main page needs a URL to identify each item. Then each item is sent by the Web server to the Web browser and Web browser collects all this information and displays them in the form of Web page.

In short:

We have seen how a Web client - server interaction happens. We can summaries these steps as follows:

A user enters a URL into a browser (for example, http://www.google.com). This request is passed to a domain name server.
The domain name server returns an IP address for the server that hosts the Web site (for example, 68.178.157.132).
The browser requests the page from the Web server using the IP address specified by the domain name server.
The Web server returns the page to the IP address specified by the browser requesting the page. The page may also contain links to other files on the same server, such as images, which the browser will also request.
The browser collects all the information and displays to your computer in the form of Web page.

Chapter 1



Web Basic Concepts

What is Internet?

The Internet is essentially a global network of computing resources. You can think about the Internet as a physical collection of routers and circuits as a set of shared resources or even as an attitude about interconnecting and intercommunication. Some common definitions given in the past include:

A network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol.
A community of people who use and develop those networks.
A community of people who use and develop those networks.
Internet Based Services:

Some of the basic services available to Internet users are:

Email: A fast, easy, and inexpensive way to communicate with other Internet users around the world.
Telnet: Allows a user to log into a remote computer as though it were a local system.
FTP: Allows a user to transfer virtually every kind of file that can be stored on a computer from one Internet-connected computer to another.
Usenetnews: A distributed bulletin board that offers a combination news and discussion service on thousands of topics.
World Wide Web (WWW): A hypertext interface to Internet information resources.
What is WWW?

This stands for World Wide Web. A technical definition of the World Wide Web is : all the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

A broader definition comes from the organization that Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee helped found, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):

The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human knowledge.

In simple terms, The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information between computers on the Internet, tying them together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia resources.

What is HTTP?

This stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. This is the protocol being used to transfer hypertext documents thats makes the World World Wide possible.

A standard web address such as http://www.yahoo.com/ is called a URL and here the prefix http indicates its protocol

What is URL?

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify addresses on the World Wide Web. A URL is the fundamental network identification for any resource connected to the web (e.g., hypertext pages, images, and sound files).

A URL will have the following format:

protocol://hostname/other_information


The protocol specifies how information from the link is transferred. The protocol used for web resources is HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Other protocols compatible with most web browsers include FTP, telnet, newsgroups, and Gopher.

The protocol is followed by a colon, two slashes, and then the domain name. The domain name is the computer on which the resource is located.

Links to particular files or subdirectories may be further specified after the domain name. The directory names are separated by single forward slashes.

What is Website?

Currently you are on our website http://www.tutorialspoint.com which is a collection of various pages written in HTML markup language. This is a location on the web where people can find tutorials on latest technologies. Similar way there are millions of websites available on the web.

Each page available on the Website is called a web page and first page of any web site is called home page for that site.

What is Web Server?

Every Web site sits on a computer known as a Web server. This server is always connected to the internet. Every Web server that is connected to the Internet is given a unique address made up of a series of four numbers between 0 and 256 separated by periods.for example, 68.178.157.132 or 68.122.35.127.

When you register a Web address, also known as a domain name, such as tutorialspoint.com you have to specify the IP address of the Web server that will host the site.

We will see different type of Web servers in a separate chapter.

What is Web Browser?

Web Browsers are software installed on your PC. To access the Web you need a web browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.

Currently you must be using any sort of Web browser while you are naviating through my site tutorialspoint.com. On the Web, when you navigate through pages of information this is commonly known as browsing or surfing.

We will see different type of Web browsers in a separate chapter.

What is SMTP Server?

This stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Server. This server takes care of delivering emails from one server to another server. When you send an email to an email address, it is delivered to its recipient by a SMTP Server.

What is ISP?

This stands for Internet Service Provider. They are the companies who provide you service in terms of internet connection to connect to the internet.

You will buy space on a Web Server from any Internet Service Provider. This space will be used to host your Web site.

What is HTML?

This stands for HyperText Markup Language. This is the language in which we write web pages for any Website. Even the page you are reading right now is written in HTML.

This is a subset of Standard Generalized Mark-Up Language (SGML) for electronic publishing, the specific standard used for the World Wide Web.

What is Hyperlink?

A hyperlink or simply a link is a selectable element in an electronic document that serves as an access point to other electronic resources. Typically, you click the hyperlink to access the linked resource. Familiar hyperlinks include buttons, icons, image maps, and clickable text links.

What is DNS ?

DNS stands for Domain Name System. When someone types in your domain name, www.example.com, your browser will ask the Domain Name System to find the IP that hosts your site. When you register your domain name, your IP address should be put in a DNS along with your domain name. Without doing it your domain name will not be functioning properly.

What is W3C?

This stands for World Wide Web Consortium which is an international consortium of companies involved with the Internet and the Web.

The W3C was founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the original architect of the World Wide Web. The organization's purpose is to develop open standards so that the Web evolves in a single direction rather than being splintered among competing factions. The W3C is the chief standards body for HTTP and HTML.

Web Developer's Guide




Overview


Learning Essential Web Concepts in simple and practical way. Before you start developing your website, become conversant with all web concepts.

This tutorial gives you a basic understanding required to become a good Web Developer.

CHAPTER 5


GOES Like this



Android Application Components

Application components are the essential building blocks of an Android application. These components are loosely coupled by the application manifest file AndroidManifest.xml that describes each component of the application and how they interact.

There are following four main components that can be used within an Android application:

Components
Description

Activities
They dictate the UI and handle the user interaction to the smartphone screen

Services
They handle background processing associated with an application.

Broadcast Receivers
They handle communication between Android OS and applications.

Content Providers
They handle data and database management issues.


Activities

An activity represents a single screen with a user interface. For example, an email application might have one activity that shows a list of new emails, another activity to compose an email, and another activity for reading emails. If an application has more than one activity, then one of them should be marked as the activity that is presented when the application is launched.

An activity is implemented as a subclass of Activity class as follows:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {



}

Services

A service is a component that runs in the background to perform long-running operations. For example, a service might play music in the background while the user is in a different application, or it might fetch data over the network without blocking user interaction with an activity.

A service is implemented as a subclass of Service class as follows:

public class MyService extends Service {



}

Broadcast Receivers

Broadcast Receivers simply respond to broadcast messages from other applications or from the system. For example, applications can also initiate broadcasts to let other applications know that some data has been downloaded to the device and is available for them to use, so this is broadcast receiver who will intercept this communication and will initiate appropriate action.

A broadcast receiver is implemented as a subclass of BroadcastReceiver class and each message is broadcasted as an Intent object.

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {



}

Content Providers

A content provider component supplies data from one application to others on request. Such requests are handled by the methods of the ContentResolver class. The data may be stored in the file system, the database or somewhere else entirely.

A content provider is implemented as a subclass of ContentProvider class and must implement a standard set of APIs that enable other applications to perform transactions.

public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {



}

We will go through these tags in detail while covering application components in individual chapters.

Additional Components

There are additional components which will be used in the construction of above mentioned entities, their logic, and wiring between them. These components are:

Components
Description

Fragments
Represents a behavior or a portion of user interface in an Activity.

Views
UI elements that are drawn onscreen including buttons, lists forms etc.

Layouts
View hierarchies that control screen format and appearance of the views.

Intents
Messages wiring components together.

Resources
External elements, such as strings, constants and drawables pictures.

Manifest
Configuration file for the application.

CHAPTER 4


I will be teaching on Developer tool




]Developer Tools

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is Developer Tools?

The android developer tools let you create interactive and powerful application for android platform. The tools can be generally categorized into two types.

SDK tools

Platform tools


SDK tools

SDK tools are generally platform independent and are required no matter which android platform you are working on. When you install the Android SDK into your system, these tools get automatically installed.

Tool & description

1 android This tool lets you manage AVDs, projects, and the installed components of the SDK

2 ddms This tool lets you debug Android applications

3 Draw 9-Patch This tool allows you to easily create a NinePatch graphic using a WYSIWYG editor

4 emulator This tools let you test your applications without using a physical device

5 mksdcard Helps you create a disk image (external sdcard storage) that you can use with the emulator

6 proguard Shrinks, optimizes, and obfuscates your code by removing unused code

7 sqlite3 Lets you access the SQLite data files created and used by Android applications

8 traceview Provides a graphical viewer for execution logs saved by your application

9 Adb Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile command line tool that lets you communicate with an emulator instance or connected Android-powered device.

DDMS

DDMS stands for Dalvik debug monitor server, that provide many services on the device. The service could include message formation, call spoofing, capturing screenshot, exploring internal threads and file systems e.t.c

Running DDMS

From Android studio click on Tools>Android>Android device Monitor.

In android, each application runs in its own process and each process run in the virtual machine. Each VM exposes a unique port, that a debugger can attach to.

When DDMS starts, it connects to adb. When a device is connected, a VM monitoring service is created between adb and DDMS, which notifies DDMS when a VM on the device is started or terminated.[/b]

CHAPTER 3


[b] Android Architecture

Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five sections and four main layers as shown below in the architecture diagram.

Linux kernel

At the bottom of the layers is Linux - Linux 2.6 with approximately 115 patches. This provides basic system functionality like process management, memory management, device management like camera, keypad, display etc. Also, the kernel handles all the things that Linux is really good at such as networking and a vast array of device drivers, which take the pain out of interfacing to peripheral hardware.

Libraries

On top of Linux kernel there is a set of libraries including open-source Web browser engine WebKit, well known library libc, SQLite database which is a useful repository for storage and sharing of application data, libraries to play and record audio and video, SSL libraries responsible for Internet security etc.

Android Runtime

This is the third section of the architecture and available on the second layer from the bottom. This section provides a key component called Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android.

The Dalvik VM makes use of Linux core features like memory management and multi-threading, which is intrinsic in the Java language. The Dalvik VM enables every Android application to run in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine.

The Android runtime also provides a set of core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.

Application Framework

The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications.

Applications

You will find all the Android application at the top layer. You will write your application to be installed on this layer only. Examples of such applications are Contacts Books, Browser, Games etc.


[/b]

CHAPTER 1



Lets us know what is Android phone first before creating an Android apps


Android

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is Android?

Android is an open source and Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. This tutorial will teach you basic Android programming and will also take you through some advance concepts related to Android application development.

Android programming is based on Java programming language so if you have basic understanding on Java programming then it will be a fun to learn Android application development.


Android

Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which means developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run on different devices powered by Android. The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by Google in 2007 where as the first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. On June 27, 2012, at the Google I/O conference, Google announced the next Android version, 4.1 Jelly Bean. Jelly Bean is an incremental update, with the primary aim of improving the user interface, both in terms of functionality and performance. The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses. Google publishes most of the code under the Apache License version 2.0 and the rest, Linux kernel changes, under the GNU General Public License version 2.

Features of Android

Android is a powerful operating system competing with Apple 4GS and supports great features. Few of them are listed below:

Feature Description

Beautiful UI Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface.

Connectivity GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.

Storage SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.

Media support H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP

Messaging SMS and MMS

Web browser Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.

Multi-touch Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.

Multi-tasking User can jump from one task to another and same time various application can run simultaneously.

Resizable widgets Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space

Multi-Language Supports single direction and bi-directional text.

GCM Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution.

Wi-Fi Direct A technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.

Android Beam A popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.

What is API level?

API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API revision offered by a version of the Android platform

Platform Version API Level VERSION_CODE

Android 5.1 22 LOLLIPOP_MR1

Android 5.0 21 LOLLIPOP

Android 4.4W 20 KITKAT_WATCH KitKat for Wearables Only

Android 4.4 19 KITKAT

Android 4.3 18 JELLY_BEAN_MR2

Android 4.2, 4.2.2 17 JELLY_BEAN_MR1

Android 4.1, 4.1.1 16 JELLY_BEAN

Android 4.0.3, 4.0.4 15 ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1

Android 4.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.2 14 ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH

Android 3.2 13 HONEYCOMB_MR2

Android 3.1.x 12 HONEYCOMB_MR1

Android 3.0.x 11 HONEYCOMB

Android 2.3.4

Android 2.3.3 10 GINGERBREAD_MR1

Android 2.3.2

Android 2.3.1

Android 2.3 9 GINGERBREAD

Android 2.2.x 8 FROYO

Android 2.1.x 7 ECLAIR_MR1

Android 2.0.1 6 ECLAIR_0_1

Android 2.0 5 ECLAIR

Android 1.6 4 DONUT

Android 1.5 3 CUPCAKE

Android 1.1 2 BASE_1_1

Android 1.0 1 BASE





if you want me to continue let me know by your comments so that I post chapter 2 of my teaching


. thanks!!!

CHAPTER 2


[color=#006633] chapter 2 Will be on Environmental setup. By now you will be asking what is environmental setup [/color]





Environment Setup

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is Environment Setup?

You will be glad to know that you can start your Android application development on either of the following operating systems − Microsoft Windows XP or later version. Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later version with Intel chip. Linux including GNU C Library 2.7 or later. Second point is that all the required tools to develop Android applications are freely available and can be downloaded from the Web. Following is the list of software's you will need before you start your Android application programming. Java JDK5 or later version Android SDK Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 6 Android Studio Eclipse IDE for Java Developers (optional) Android Development Tools (ADT) Eclipse Plug-in (optional) Here last two components are optional and if you are working on Windows machine then these components make your life easy while doing Java based application development. So let us have a look how to proceed to set required environment.


Set-up Java Development Kit (JDK)

You can download the latest version of Java JDK from Oracle's Java site: Java SE Downloads. You will find instructions for installing JDK in downloaded files, follow the given instructions to install and configure the setup. Finally set PATH and JAVA_HOME environment variables to refer to the directory that contains java and javac, typically java_install_dir/bin and java_install_dir respectively. If you are running Windows and installed the JDK in C:\jdk1.6.0_15, you would have to put the following line in your C:\autoexec.bat file.

Alternatively, you could also right-click on My Computer, select Properties, then Advanced, then Environment Variables. Then, you would update the PATH value and press the OK button. On Linux, if the SDK is installed in /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_15 and you use the C shell, you would put the following code into your .cshrc file.

Alternatively, if you use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Eclipse, then it will know automatically where you have installed your Java.





Reply what you don't understand so that i will make it clear to you stay tuned for CHAPTER 3.

CHAPTER 1



Lets us know what is Android phone first before creating an Android apps


Android

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is Android?

Android is an open source and Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. This tutorial will teach you basic Android programming and will also take you through some advance concepts related to Android application development.

Android programming is based on Java programming language so if you have basic understanding on Java programming then it will be a fun to learn Android application development.


Android

Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which means developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able to run on different devices powered by Android. The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by Google in 2007 where as the first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. On June 27, 2012, at the Google I/O conference, Google announced the next Android version, 4.1 Jelly Bean. Jelly Bean is an incremental update, with the primary aim of improving the user interface, both in terms of functionality and performance. The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses. Google publishes most of the code under the Apache License version 2.0 and the rest, Linux kernel changes, under the GNU General Public License version 2.

Features of Android

Android is a powerful operating system competing with Apple 4GS and supports great features. Few of them are listed below:

Feature Description

Beautiful UI Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface.

Connectivity GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.

Storage SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.

Media support H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP

Messaging SMS and MMS

Web browser Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.

Multi-touch Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.

Multi-tasking User can jump from one task to another and same time various application can run simultaneously.

Resizable widgets Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space

Multi-Language Supports single direction and bi-directional text.

GCM Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution.

Wi-Fi Direct A technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.

Android Beam A popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.

What is API level?

API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API revision offered by a version of the Android platform

Platform Version API Level VERSION_CODE

Android 5.1 22 LOLLIPOP_MR1

Android 5.0 21 LOLLIPOP

Android 4.4W 20 KITKAT_WATCH KitKat for Wearables Only

Android 4.4 19 KITKAT

Android 4.3 18 JELLY_BEAN_MR2

Android 4.2, 4.2.2 17 JELLY_BEAN_MR1

Android 4.1, 4.1.1 16 JELLY_BEAN

Android 4.0.3, 4.0.4 15 ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH_MR1

Android 4.0, 4.0.1, 4.0.2 14 ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH

Android 3.2 13 HONEYCOMB_MR2

Android 3.1.x 12 HONEYCOMB_MR1

Android 3.0.x 11 HONEYCOMB

Android 2.3.4

Android 2.3.3 10 GINGERBREAD_MR1

Android 2.3.2

Android 2.3.1

Android 2.3 9 GINGERBREAD

Android 2.2.x 8 FROYO

Android 2.1.x 7 ECLAIR_MR1

Android 2.0.1 6 ECLAIR_0_1

Android 2.0 5 ECLAIR

Android 1.6 4 DONUT

Android 1.5 3 CUPCAKE

Android 1.1 2 BASE_1_1

Android 1.0 1 BASE





if you want me to continue let me know by your comments so that I post chapter 2 of my teaching


. thanks #officialwriter

Pls I dnt need deciver

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