₦airaland Forum

Changing the form of speech

Section 10
A plaintiff in a lawsuit may apply in writing to the district court for the case to be converted into a class action. In such a case, the provisions of Section 9 and Chapter 42, Sections 2-4 of the Code of Judicial Procedure shall apply. An application may only be granted if the defendant agrees to this or if it is obvious that the advantages of a class action outweigh the disadvantages that such a lawsuit may be expected to cause for the defendant.

The application shall be served on the defendant for his/her opinion. If the application is unfounded, the court may immediately reject it.

If the district court where the case is pending is not competent to hear the class action, the application shall be submitted to a competent court. If the application is manifestly unfounded, the court may immediately reject the application instead of submitting it.

Application content
Section 9
An application for a summons shall, in addition to what is stated in Chapter 42, Section 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, contain information about
1. the group to which the action relates,
2. the circumstances that are common or similar to the claims of the group members,
3. the circumstances known to the plaintiff that are of significance for the examination of the claims of only certain group members, and
4. other circumstances that are of significance for the question of whether the claims should be processed in a group trial.

The plaintiff shall state in the application the names and addresses of all class members. Such information may be omitted if it is not necessary for the handling of the case. The plaintiff shall also provide information on other circumstances of importance for notification to the class members.

Special process conditions

Section 8
A class action may be admissible if
1. the action is based on circumstances that are common or similar to the claims of the class members,
2. a class action does not appear to be inappropriate because the claims of certain class members differ significantly from the other claims,
3. the majority of the claims to which the action relates cannot be asserted equally well through an action by the class members themselves,
4. the class is appropriately defined with regard to size, delimitation and other matters, and
5. the plaintiff, with regard to his interest in the matter, his financial circumstances to bring a class action and the circumstances in general, is suitable to represent the class members in the case

Section 7
The right to represent the group does not cease if there is a change in the circumstances on which the right to bring an action pursuant to Sections 4-6 has been based.

Section 6
Public class action lawsuits may be brought by an authority that, taking into account the nature of the dispute, is suitable to represent the class members. The Government determines which authorities may bring public class action lawsuits.

Section 5
An organizational action may be brought by a non-profit association that, in accordance with its statutes, safeguards consumer or employee interests in disputes between consumers and a trader regarding any goods, services or other benefits that the trader offers to consumers.
In the first paragraph, the following refers to
consumers: natural persons who have acted mainly for purposes that fall outside their business activities,
traders: a natural or legal person who has acted for purposes that are related to their own business activities.

An organizational lawsuit referred to in the first paragraph may also include a dispute of another type, if it entails significant advantages with regard to the investigation and other circumstances that the disputes are handled jointly.

Right to speak

Section 4
An individual class action may be brought by a natural or legal person who himself has a claim that is covered by the action.

How class action lawsuits are filed, etc.

Competent courts
Section 3
The district courts designated by the Government shall be competent to hear cases under this Act. There shall be at least one competent district court in each county.

The Class action lawsuit

Section 2
A trial in which a class action is brought is called a class action. A class action may concern claims that can be brought before a general court in accordance with the rules in the Code of Civil Procedure on civil cases.

For class action proceedings, the provisions on civil cases in the Code of Judicial Procedure apply, with the exception of Chapter 1, Section 3 d, unless otherwise stated in this Act.

A class action may also be brought in accordance with special provisions in the Environmental Code and the Competition Damages Act (2016:964). Act (2016:965).

The Legal Anchor is Swedish Law called: Class Action Law (2002:599).

Introductory provisions
Class action
Section 1
In this Act, a class action is an action brought by a plaintiff as a representative of several persons with legal effects for them, even though they are not parties to the case. A class action may be brought as an individual class action, an organizational class action or a public class action.

The group refers to the people on behalf of whom the plaintiff is suing.

A class action is a civil lawsuit in which one or more individuals represent a larger group of people—called a "class"—who have suffered similar harm from the same defendant. This mechanism allows people to seek justice and compensation collectively when individual claims are too small to justify the cost of separate lawsuits.

How It Works
Before a lawsuit can proceed as a class action, a judge must formally approve or "certify" the class. For a case to be certified, it typically must meet four main conditions:
Size: The group is so large that it is impractical to bring every individual into court separately.
Commonality: The members share similar legal claims or facts.
Typicality: The claims of the representative plaintiffs are typical of the entire group's claims.
Adequacy: The representatives and their lawyers have the skills and resources to properly fight the case for everyone.

If the court certifies the class, affected individuals are notified. They usually have the choice to stay in the lawsuit ("opt-in" or remove themselves ("opt-out" to pursue their own individual lawsuit.

Why Use a Class Action?
Access to Justice: When thousands of people are harmed like in cases involving a defective product or financial fraud, individual damages may only be a few dollars. A class action consolidates these claims, making it financially feasible for attorneys to take the case.
Efficiency: It saves courts time and resources by addressing thousands of identical claims in a single trial or settlement rather than hearing them one by one.

Legal Fees
Class action attorneys usually work on a contingency basis. This means they charge no upfront fees to the plaintiffs. Instead, if the case is successful or results in a settlement, the lawyers receive a predetermined percentage of the recovered funds (often between 20% and 30%), which is subject to court approval.

And in your references above, guess who were cheering him? Same people who has put him in Kuje

buygala:
This goat who was used by the Buhari Admin to remove Onnoghen a sitting CJN and replace him with that Sharia CJN Tanko

Now

Buhari... Dead
Tanko..Dead
Umar...in Jail

Nothing indeed lasts forever..

Left for me, a terrorism charge should have been pinned on him and his bail denied indefinitely

What is happening right now in a Stockholm District court has it's origin during the 1993 chaos famously referred by the Igbos as Ọsọ Abiola. But has longer connections to a company established in 1947 in Sweden.

So what is Oso Abiola?
History books often focus on the politics of Nigeria’s June 12, 1993, election—the presumed victory of Chief M.K.O. Abiola and the military annulment by General Ibrahim Babangida. But behind the political headlines lies a massive human story: Ọsọ Abiola (Abiola’s Run).

When the election was annulled, Nigeria stood on the brink of chaos. Riots broke out, and the air grew thick with political tension. For thousands of Igbo families and Easterners living in Lagos, Midwest, and the north, the atmosphere triggered a painful, collective memory of 1966. Fearing another civil war, a historic, panicked migration began.

Families packed whatever they could carry onto trucks, buses, and trailers heading East.
Millions of Nairas worth of properties, homes, and thriving businesses were abandoned or sold off for pennies out of sheer desperation.
It wasn't about politics; it was an urgent, protective instinct to keep families safe.

"Ọsọ Abiola" remains a profound testament to resilience, the heavy cost of political instability, and the enduring scars of history. As we look back at Nigeria's democratic journey, we must remember not just the leaders who stood up, but the ordinary citizens who moved, sacrificed, and survived. Since my family settled in old Bendel State, we joined the relocation back to igboland. I still remember it vividly.

Bother your self not....so long Nigeria is OK. At least those running from home in Oyo, Kwara, Ekiti etc will appreciate. Abi you don't want Nigeria to be OK?

aswani:
Don't forget Kwankwaso /Obi, we know who is in charge there despite all appearance.

If ever you have faced a bully you will understand why the girl committed sucide.

Those who felt they have arrived and have control will
Always want to make you feel their power until you bring them down.

She shouldn’t have killed herself but fight harder to make sure the rapist face hard times

Only the SE-Northern political bond have the required Will & experience to put Nigeria on the path of progress

You take Sahara Reporters serious? Then good luck!

It's on record the it's when SE-North lead that Nigeria makes gain.

In the 60s, naira was more valuable than GBP & USD. Let historic facts guide you, not concoction wrapped as flashbacks

Christistruth00:

You are right on this

madridguy:
No one will ever dispute the fact.

Everyone will be OK. HE Rabiu Kwakwaso has started repairing the bond. Echidieme!

zoedew:
Nice. Unity is good for Nigeria! One Nigeria! Peter Obi should reciprocate and emphasise the oneness of Nigeria without which the North will not believe the position Kwaks is pushing for.

Facts have a way of bringing harmonious laugh....

haffaze777:
laugh go finally tear my belle

Till date I still respect Sir Ahmadu Bello for his wonderful fluency in British English, but he was a victim of UK Intelligience who nurtured chaos through. My late dad and uncles had always in private blamed the hot head western Igbos (in present Edo & Delta) for putting the entire Igbos at risk. Yet we didn't throw them overboard. That was the early friction Ironsi-Ojukwu experienced from Enugu-Anambra Igbos for not harshly dealing with military officers from the western Igbos to pacify the north. I guess they saw the real Satan hiding in the shadows. But I have discovered an inconvenient truth.... they were actually victims of sophisticated British Disinformation which urged them to do what they joined others to do. Ojukwu and Ironsi saw the hands behind the chaos, and knew it was due to newly discovered deposits of oil and gas.

On SE-North bond, It was a relationship forged in trust but which fell victim to British diplomatic treachery.

aswani:
That relationship has always been master servant like more than allyship.

Politically, what did the South East gain from being used by the (so called illiterate) North sef?

We also have family who moved to Cameroon. It was during this Christmas visits I first eat the French candies called Bourbon...lol. We never had a family member from 1900 till date who settled in Western region. It's either North, Edo, Rivers, Delta or abroad.

It was happiness and coolness then.....

There's something about the Igbos which I love so much..... they have a name for anything of importance. They didn't merely chart a trade to a single city in the northern region, they positioned the whole northern regional region as a business place by calling it Ugwu-Hausa

Till today I still have cousins, nieces, aunts etc who have been so northernized that when we meet during Christmas in the villages, villagers usually call them Ndi Ugwu-hausa, and us Ndi mid-west. After the war, my own dad choosed to re-settle in Old Bendel State, known during the 1970s as mid West

Old memories Kwakwaso just refreshed

Did you know SE has always been allies to the North? Learn hidden truths!

Yes! What the former minister of defense, two-time governor of Kano state, and current Vice President candidate under the Nigeria Democratic Congress (NDC) party, Musa Rabiu Kwankwaso, revealed in his recent address was the absolute truth. When he emphasized that the South-East (SE) and the North share a deep, historic bond of friendship and political alliance, he was not just speaking politics—he was echoing history. As an independent researcher and a businessman, I want to shed more light on this thread by grounding it in both historical facts and personal family history.

A Personal Legacy: From Enugu to Ugwu Hausa (1900)
To truly understand how deep these roots go, we must look beyond political communiqués and examine the lives of everyday people who built these bridges. My own family history is a testament to this enduring relationship. In 1900, my great-grandfather made a defining choice. He packed his belongings and left Enugu for Ugwu Hausa (the "Hausa Hill". That's is the name Igbos collectively called the North, regardless of whether you're Fulani, Hausa, Birom, Tiv, Idoma, Shengdang etc.
At the dawn of the 20th century, long before modern political structures were formalized, traders, builders, and entrepreneurs from the South-East were already making the North their home, just as Northern merchants traveled South. My great-grandfather did not find hostility; he found a community. He found business partners, neighbors, and lifelong friends. He established a lineage that grew up understanding both the Igbo and Hausa languages, bridging cultures through commerce and mutual respect. This cross-cultural integration at the grassroots level laid the foundation for the macro-political alliances that followed.

The Historical Alliances of the First and Second Republics
What Senator Kwankwaso rightly pointed out is that Nigeria’s founding fathers viewed the North and the South-East not as rivals, but as essential partners in nation-building. History bears this out across multiple eras:

The First Republic (NPC and NCNC): Nigeria’s independence era was anchored by a formal coalition between the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) and the National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC). This historic alliance brought together the Sardauna of Sokoto, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, and the great Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe. They recognized that the stability of a diverse Nigeria relied heavily on a strong axis of cooperation between the North and the East.

The Second Republic (NPN and NPP/NPP Alliances): Following the dark years of crisis and military rule, the spirit of reconciliation was immediate. As Kwankwaso noted, the administration of President Shehu Shagari (NPN) worked closely with South-Eastern leaders, including Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and Dr. Alex Ekwueme.

The Ultimate Act of Forgiveness and Inclusion: Perhaps the most profound example of this bond was the pardoning and state-supported return of the late Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu from exile. It was a Northern-led administration that invited him back into the country, embraced him as a brother, and encouraged him to participate openly in national politics. This proved that our political ancestors valued national healing and family ties over past grievances.

The Modern Intersection: Commerce and Unity
As a businessman, I see the continuation of my great-grandfather’s journey every single day. The economic interdependence between the North and the South-East is the lifeblood of Nigeria's domestic market.The South-East relies heavily on the North for agricultural produce, livestock, and raw materials.The North serves as a massive consumer hub and strategic partner for the manufactured goods, spare parts, and entrepreneurial investments flowing out of the South-East. When the business corridors between Aba, Onitsha, Enugu, Kano, Kaduna, and Maiduguri thrive, the entire nation prospers. Commerce does not care about ethnic divides; it cares about trust, reliability, and mutual benefit—values that both regions have cultivated for over a century.

Moving Forward Together
Senator Kwankwaso’s call for a renewed political partnership under the banner of mutual respect, equity, and fairness is a timely reminder of who we are. No single region can carry the weight of Nigeria alone; true national stability requires us to forge ahead as one family.Let us honor the legacy of our grandfathers—both those who sat in the parliament buildings of the First Republic and those who, like my great-grandfather, climbed Ugwu Hausa in 1900 to build an authentic, everyday brotherhood. By remembering these hidden truths, we can move past divisive rhetoric and build a prosperous, unified future for all Nigerians.

Let the story begin

Following the submission of our fully rectified master pleading against St1 Refinery AB and St1 Sverige AB, I am currently reviewing other parallel summons paths in Sweden to ensure our structural frameworks remain unassailable. The statutory rules of Swedish civil procedure are precise: only a competent judge has the ultimate legal mandate to adjudicate on the absolute merits of a civil claim, evaluate evidence, and rule on major discovery motions. The court must remain an unyielding place of refuge for justice, completely regardless of the wealth, stature, or corporate scale of the parties involved.

For this reason, Article 6 of the European Conventions on Human Rights (ECHR) and the foundational principle of the Equality of Arms mandate the law court to grant equal opportunity to all.

After navigating complex early venue discussions regarding Stockholm vs. Solna District Court, my strategic framework successfully resolved every technical query. When we received an order to clarify our structural presentation, we delivered a comprehensive cure a full 9 days ahead of the statutory deadline.

When a subsequent administrative order granted a tight 7-day window to split and mathematically itemize our specific corporate targets, we adapted instantly. I am proud to announce that as of today, we have successfully cured all technical presentation requirements 5 full days ahead of the closing deadline. Our files are completely locked onto the public registries. Every date, government timestamp, and corporate tracking timeline stands as a verifiable reality milestone that cannot be scaled or avoided by corporate defense tactics.
We will let the state networks execute their obligations on complete autopilot behind closed doors.

Our clinical focus, documentation, and structural endurance under pressure remain entirely unyielding. Corporate energy networks will not be permitted to hide behind procedural insulation and we maintain absolute confidence in the independent Swedish judiciary to ensure the rule of law prevails.

Following the submission of our fully rectified master pleading against St1 Refinery AB and St1 Sverige AB, I am currently reviewing other parallel summons paths in Sweden to ensure our structural frameworks remain unassailable. The statutory rules of Swedish civil procedure are precise: only a competent judge has the ultimate legal mandate to adjudicate on the absolute merits of a civil claim, evaluate evidence, and rule on major discovery motions. The court must remain an unyielding place of refuge for justice, completely regardless of the wealth, stature, or corporate scale of the parties involved.

For this reason, Article 6 of the European Conventions on Human Rights (ECHR) and the foundational principle of the Equality of Arms mandate the law court to grant equal opportunity to all.

After navigating complex early venue discussions regarding Stockholm vs. Solna District Court, my strategic framework successfully resolved every technical query. When we received an order to clarify our structural presentation, we delivered a comprehensive cure a full 9 days ahead of the statutory deadline.

When a subsequent administrative order granted a tight 7-day window to split and mathematically itemize our specific corporate targets, we adapted instantly. I am proud to announce that as of today, we have successfully cured all technical presentation requirements 5 full days ahead of the closing deadline. Our files are completely locked onto the public registries. Every date, government timestamp, and corporate tracking timeline stands as a verifiable reality milestone that cannot be scaled or avoided by corporate defense tactics.
We will let the state networks execute their obligations on complete autopilot behind closed doors.

This is really bad and serves as indirect collusion with tyrannic government officials to deprive Nigerians access to information, which is contrary to tenets of civilization and democracy.

2001 Malami exhumes and thrives on judicial illegalities, fastforward to 2026, same Malami wants rule of law and decency.

You won't escape your karma

He freely uses alternative social media platforms to post his own 'truths and facts,' completely immune to censorship or content removal. Yet, on his own platform, he actively censors, hides, and deletes posts that clash with his political and tribal interests.

How exactly does this behavior differ from the crooked politicians currently running Nigeria aground? If he is this draconian without a constitutional mandate, one can only shudder to think what he would do with actual state power.The posts in question are factual and verified, yet Nairaland actively suppresses them.

This exact hypocrisy is why African nations struggle for global respect; even our educated elite behave in utterly regressive ways