₦airaland Forum

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emmatok: Senile fool.
Was AWO the head of States.
GOWON is still alive but you are busy chasing the dead.
If you fear dead AWO so much, how Will you deal with the living AWO.

It is extremely immature to view any criticism of Awo as an attack on the Yoruba race. Ibos come from an extremely rich democratic background similar to that practiced by the ancient Greeks. For hundreds of years right before the coming of the Europeans we governed ourselves through a committee of first sons where no individual is an institution and all views no matter how irrelevant/small were represented hence the stability and extremely few inter-communal wars within our region during pre-colonial times. Awo is no doubt an institution to the Yoruba race but it does not excuse his actions from analysis.All you had to do was to provide links to support your argument rather than going for cheap insults.

.

ilugunboy: Be careful what you wish for......

In the event of occupation by Nigerian army,it will set off a full blown insurgency generally funded by profits from the past 20+ years of bunkering.The aim is to make extensive use IEDs and hit and run tactics against the occupying force which will lash out against the local population creating a very hostile environment for foreign oil companies to operate and eventually consider operations unprofitable. As Nigeria does not have the technology to operate these oil fields, crude oil production will remain close to zero.

It seems Awo was not to blame as pointed out by USA Department of State pdf(http://premiumtimesng.com/dev/wp-content/files/2012/10/U.S._Biafra_Cable1.pdf) and a lot of us will like to apologize for the comments made about his actions. Please accept our apologies for making what appears to be an ill-informed argument and bear in mind that most Igbos wish the Yoruba race well.

Red-Light:
but seriously ...aint it the same old shiit? igbos will accuse awolowo ... yorubas will say no, yorubas will accuse ojukwu ... igbos will say no....
the fighting continues ... at the end of the day ..nothing change ... so what is the essence of the discussion then if its never gonna change anything but to bring more hatred?

The apparent aim of these particular discussions is to deny political support to any south west/North presidential ambition in south east areas. And at the very least continue support to MEND and other south south/south east groups to cut crude oil production to zero or close to zero if the region does not maintain control of the presidency.It is the new paradigm if those with oil in their "backyard" are not in-charge of distributing national wealth then no oil will flow.The Nigerian army aka the northern army will in effect have to occupy and subdue the entire south south/south east regions to reverse this and that is extremely unlikey.

CyberG: Yes, WAR is about destroying your ENEMY. If war is a crime, the criminal is the person who started it, ojuku in this case. Like Hitler, he should have allowed himself to be shot and burned immediately. He probably failed most of his history courses (his major BTW) for had no clue of how in WW 2, both Germany and the Allies tried to blockade and starve their enemies into surrender. But iboz like that he killed 3 M, there's no reason anyone or any court would even waste time to look at a silly case. Iboz thought war was soldiers singing lullabies to the ragtag, loser biafran army.

You forgot to mention that Germany/Japan invaded other sovereign countries while Biafra just wanted to leave Nigeria and be left alone since the government of Nigeria(and much of the rest of the country) got involved with killing defenceless Igbos even before the declaration of Biafra.

Katsumoto: Please read "Condemned to Repeat?: The Paradox of Humanitarian Action" - Fiona Terry

I have copied and pasted the relevant section for you below.


http://books.google.gr/books?id=KxiKPeQyiakC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=landing+fees+biafra+ojukwu&source=bl&ots=9b32DbMfDR&sig=xPMnD19K0czQY9pPkxa1WRXEBlI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Atl0UPmcKInOswbwmYBo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=landing%20fees%20biafra%20ojukwu&f=false

As for your comment about safe haven, there is a clear difference between safe haven and secession. There were no armies advancing on Biafra nor was there an imminent danger. You still refuse to address the points I made; should Biafra have surrendered when it couldn't feed itself? Should Biafra have continued fighting when it was reliant on foreign aid for survival? Similarly, should Biafra have charged fees to NGOs who were supplying FREE food to Biafra? Its in that link above and also covered in Linda Polman's The Crisis Caravan: What’s wrong with humanitarian aid. If you refuse to accept foreign accounts, then hopefully, you should have no problems accepting Ntieyong Akpan's (secretary to Biafra government) account in his book, "struggle for secession".

Biafra kept fighting as Gowon point blank refused to guarantee the safety of Igbos across other areas of Nigeria as stipulated in Aburi accord. We did not start fighting for the fun of it.We were been killed in the thousands in Nigeria for something the Igbo race was not responsible for and much of the rest of Nigeria did nothing to prevent this(which many of us see as a tacit approval of the killings). We don't not wish any tribe in Nigeria to go through what we went through and still endure till today but we still feel anger towards a lot of the actors involved in that very painful period of our history. Ojukwu maybe be imperfect but he gave us something we needed most in our darkest hour.

[quote author=Prof Corruption][/quote]This is a serious load of bollocks! How can she say "About 7 million Igbos lived in Government held areas without persecution"?!! Seriously is this the best reference you got? From this peddler of half truths or she was definitely high when she wrote that trash.In what region in Nigeria were Igbos not persecuted because much of the 60s was an open season for kill as many Igbos as you can....no s---t is gonna happen.The northerners were busy killing as much as they can,in Port harcourt market traders refused to sell to us and thousands lost jobs in Lagos.Yet your reference puts it on record that all was well...

Katsumoto: And what does it say about smuggling in weapons with aid?

Does it mandate that aid must be flown in at night like ojukwu demanded so as to smuggle weapons?

What are the rules concerning inspection of aid?

Ojukwu was not in a position to dictate how and when aid is transported.

Biafra could have had food if it was flown in in the afternoon but ojukwu refused. So who is to blame?

What are your thoughts on the rest of my post? What about responsibilities of biafran high command.

I have not come across any official records of Ojukwu making such demands on food flights(please share with us if you get hold of any).On the other two issues you raised,Awo was one of the main actors in the formation of the blockade/starvation policy so shares in the blame.The biafra high command set out to provide a safe haven for Igbos when innocent civilians were been killed in the thousands and much of the rest of nigeria just sat back and watched.

Katsumoto: So you want to apply rules made in 1977 to a war that ended in 1970? I suppose you may as well go back 3000 years ans indict everyone who effected seige and blockade.

Second, you want to indict the finance minister when there was a head of state and other military strategists who formulated that policy. I suppose the finance ministry was in charge of the war.

Third, when are you folks going to hold your wartime leaders to account for not surrendering when they had no food?

Humanitarian aid and Food supply for civilians, under Article 23 of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949, should enjoy the right of free passage through battle lines if intended for “children under fifteen, expectant mothers and maternity cases,” and a broader exemption can be made when all or part of the civilian population in occupied territory is “inadequately supplied. The additions in 1977 merely reinforce the the point.

Eko Ile: Too bad your nonsenses about two million+ people and genocide was not adult, it was ignorant, misguided and ill informed because it was not rooted in basic Nigerian history or facts.

It was even more childish and foolish to go to war without making arrangements for food and supplies to feed your own people while at the same time expecting your own enemy to feed you. Where is the adult sense in that?

You are not in any position to say anything about adult talk because adult talk is obviously above your reach...

Starvation of civilian populations as a method of warfare is prohibited in both international or in internal conflicts, a prohibition stated explicitly in the two 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions. It is there in black and white that Awo committed war crimes and denying the deaths of two million+ people is something for your conscience to ask you questions about. In Germany it is a crime to deny the Holocaust,guess you are not of the same breed as the rest of humanity.

Eko Ile: Unfortunately for you, we'll do it again and again and again and again and again.....


About that?

Not really interested in mindless dribble with you. The post is mainly about a mature discussion by adults and not an Igbo v Yoruba gutter abuse contest(plenty of threads have that elsewhere).

Red-Light:
how many of this threads are u people gonna open? seriously its getting boring already

We take the deaths of two million+ people seriously and really sorry that genocide upsets your afternoon reading.

War crimes are serious violations of the laws applicable in armed conflict (also known as international humanitarian law) giving rise to individual criminal responsibility. Examples of such conduct include "murder, the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied territory to slave labor camps", "the murder or ill-treatment of prisoners of war", the killing of prisoners, "the wanton destruction of cities, towns and villages, and any devastation not justified by military, or civilian necessity".

To fall under the Rome Statute, a crime against humanity which is defined in Article 7.1 must be "part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population". Article 7.2.a states "For the purpose of paragraph 1: "Attack directed against any civilian population means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to in paragraph 1 against any civilian population, pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack.

Starvation of civilian populations as a method of warfare is prohibited in both international or in internal conflicts, a prohibition stated explicitly in the two 1977 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions.

Humanitarian aid for civilians, under Article 23 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, enjoys the right of free passage through battle lines if intended for “children under fifteen, expectant mothers and maternity cases,” and a broader exemption can be made when all or part of the civilian population in occupied territory is “inadequately supplied.

Article 54 of Additional Protocol I to destroy “objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population,” including foodstuffs and their production, drinking water, and irrigation works, or to undertake actions “which may be expected to leave the civilian population with such inadequate food or water as to cause starvation or force its movement.


Awo seems to have gone against all these statues.

aduboy: The Biafra war has ended long ago but the war of deceit is still on. An average igbo man believes the Biafran war was for self defence while the rest of Nigeria apart from the present south south knew it was an oil/economic war. The people of the present day south south were deceived into believing that they were been freed from domination of the Igbos. The simple truth is that the war was prosecuted out of greed to starve people of their resources and use it to develop other parts of Nigeria excluding the owners of the resources. Look at Lagos and Abuja in Nigeria today then Port hacourt or Calabar, it is evident that the deceit is still on. For the Igbos they realised very late that it was all about oil otherwise the war would have not ended the way it did.

A lot of Igbos especially those born after the war have come to grasp the fact that Biafra in essence was an unsuccessful grab for control of oil deposits in the south by Ojukwu. As pointed out in previous posts on this forum the concept of safe haven(reason for the war which many in my home town in Abia state and other Igbo areas believe to be true ) does not hold as there is no record anywhere of federal troops advancing towards the Igbo regions before the declaration of Biafra so people that moved down to the South east areas to avoid the pogroms were safe.
So why would you want to secede with 99.9% of the oil deposits and your area is not been attacked by federal troops?

It has always been about the oil and at the very least this point was very clear to Ojukwu but how do you keep fighting when neither USA nor then Soviet Union will supply us arms and the south south felt it was all about Igbo domination? In that scenario the conflict was doomed and pushing it further would have been Ojukwu directly causing unnecessary deaths.

P.S:Anyone with a record of Federal troop movements towards the south east region BEFORE the declaration of Biafra should provide it to invalidate the above premise.

chichiman: It's nice to post all this pictures (my unreserved sympathies to all) showing how the starvation policy of the Nigerian government impacted seriously on the Biafrans. It's also fitting to want to ask what the problem was for the Igbos to want to break away from Nigeria. The reality was and still is, the Igbos, under the leadership of Ojukwu, ought to have given serious consideration to a number of issues before declaring their secession from the Federal Republic of Nigeria. These issues which were succinctly highlighted, four years ago, by a Nairalander are as follows.

"1) The declaration of secession was invalid and unconstitutional, having been reached by military fiat, as opposed to measurable democratic participation.

"2)The decision to secede was made without commensurate investment in weapons and weapons sources, a pre-requisite for any military conflict, particularly against a major African power supported by global powers like the USA, Britain and the (then) USSR.

"3)The decision to secede was made without commensurate investment in food and agricultural production, food import sources and entry routes, thus placing the Igbos at a distinct disadvantage, and at the mercy of the Nigerian govt - 'the enemy'. In fact the foolhardiness of such lack of strategic preparation accounts for the embarrassing statements recently credited to Chinua Achebe about Awo's conduct during the war. The failure of Biafran strategic thinking is evinced by Achebe's inadvertent admission that Biafra's survival was contingent upon Awo's sense of morality or lack thereof. The unwarranted power over Igbo lives thus granted Awo by this clumsy admission of his pivotal role in the conflict ought not to be lost on Achebe. Question is, WHY should Awo have had that power over Igbo destiny? He wouldn't have, had the Igbo leadership apriori done its homework.

"4)Ojukwu's claim that he declared secession out of a need to ''protect Igbo lives'' was a dishonest and disingenous rationalisation, since there was no advance of federal troops towards the south or Igbo territory in the months leading up to the declaration. The political dispute in fact centred on the alleged failure of the FG to bring to justice the perpetrators of the northern massacres of Igbos in 1966. The immediate political event preceding the secession declaration was the announcement of the 12 state creation by the FG in May 1967. This meant Ojukwu's powers became territorially limited to the much smaller East-Central State Igbo heartland, as opposed to the entire East, which he ruled in his former capacity as military governor of the Eastern Region. The day after the FG announced the 12 state solution, Ojukwu declared secession. WHAT was the connection between the 12 state announcement and Ojukwu's declaration of secession? Why should we continue to be fed the line that he seceded in order to protect Igbo lives, if, as appears to be the case, he seceded because he could not countenance himself being limited to the East-Central State courtesy of his arch-enemy, Gowon's 'machinations'??

"5) Why did the Biafran leadership bank on nations like France to provide military support to her secessionist bid, knowing full well that France was a staunch ally of the United Kingdom, who supported the Nigerian federation?

"Why were they so naive as to count on French support? Why were they so naive as to discount the fact that Nigeria had military and diplomatic support from the USA as well as the Soviet Union? Meaning they couldn't take advantage of the Cold War rivalry involving those two nations? Why were these factors NOT taken into account before taking steps that would lead to military conflict?"
https://www.nairaland.com/1068029/somebody-needs-write-book-foolishness

It seems Biafra in essence was a grab for control of oil deposits by Ojukwu without the approval of the prevailing super powers hence it failed in that dramatic fashion with millions of life lost.As you pointed out the concept of safe haven does not hold as no one was advancing towards the Igbo regions before the war started so people in these areas were safe.A lot of families were wiped out in the pogroms but there were other mechanisms to compel Nigeria to bring those responsible to account than venturing into a war that we were completely unprepared for.

It is refreshing to get a point of view with facts and some good logic though much later in the thread you will get some individuals who prefer trading abuse of all kinds than educate their minds on this extremely sensitive issue.

kettykin: The civil war came when a lot of easterners where murdered by rampaging mobs in the North and the Federal Government led by Gowon could not guarantee the Safety of easteners in the country.
A conference was eventually organised by a neutral and friendly country in Aburi ghana where an agreement was reached to allow for peace to prevail and for the country to stabilise between Gowon ,Ojukwu and the Head of state of Ghana.
Gowon came back to Nigeria and refused to implement the agreement reached in Ghana ; that meant igbos were no longer safe and acoomodated in Nigeria.

The igbos had to take their destiny in their hands .

The same scenario played out in Jos some few months back when Fulanis were busy raiding Jos/Birom villages and the Jos people could not even do much but cry to the FG, even Middle belt civil war heroes remained aloof whil fulani butchered their people.

A lot more igbos would have been killed by the northerners had the Ojukwu not declared the Biafra .Biafra failed because of the Soviets , Britain and The Arabs and not necessarily the fighting skills of Nigerian who could not even defend the Bakassi peninsula .i have proof

Thanks for the response.So Biafra was essentially a safe haven for Igbos been murdered by the Northerners and the prevailing super powers refused to offer help because they wanted the North to manage the resources ie oil which were just discovered in the south east,south south and south west for their selfish interests.
But Ojukwu's claim that he declared secession out of a need to create a safe haven looks extremely dishonest since there was no advance of federal troops towards the south or Igbo territory in the months leading up to the declaration. The political dispute was on the alleged failure of the Nigerian government to bring to justice the perpetrators of the northern massacres of Igbos in 1966.

The immediate political event preceding the secession declaration was the announcement of the 12 state creation in May 1967. This meant Ojukwu's powers became territorially limited to the much smaller East-Central State Igbo heartland, as opposed to the entire East, which he ruled in his former capacity as military governor of the Eastern Region. The day after the 12 state creation, Ojukwu declared secession. Why should we continue to be fed the line that he seceded in order to protect Igbo lives while the facts seems not to support this argument?

These selfish super power interests still exist today so how will the south prevail if they decide to leave Nigeria as the north once again is killing Igbos and non Muslims using boko haram(direct response to losing the presidency and thus control of southern resources)?
Is the south west and especially the south south interested in helping the entire south continue to maintain control of this resource found in the south at least till it runs out?

The logic does not support the fact that Awo/Gowon committed genocide. Virtually every family in my home town in Abia state lost upwards of two relatives in the war(some families ceased to exist-completely wiped out) and it brings the question:

1,Why did Ojukwu continue fighting when the first hundreds of thousands of deaths started?

2,What were we fighting for when we had insufficient resources to pursue the war, none of the super powers were remotely interested in assisting us or helped with very little and millions were dying?

3,Why did Ojukwu wait for millions to die before surrendering(and if anyone says he did not know millions were dying then he is extremely incompetent at waging war which takes precious lifes)?

I expect a torrent of abuse for posting these questions but will be happy for a clear logical answer that makes some sense.

The logic does not support the fact that Awo committed genocide. Virtually every family in my home town in Abia state lost upwards of two relatives in the war(some families ceased to exist-completely wiped out) and it brings the question:

1,Why did Ojukwu continue fighting when the first hundreds of thousands of deaths started?

2,What were we fighting for when we had insufficient resources to pursue the war, none of the super powers were remotely interested in assisting us or helped with very little and millions were dying?

3,Why did Ojukwu wait for millions to die before surrendering(and if anyone says he did not know millions were dying then he is extremely incompetent at waging war which takes precious lifes)?

I expect a torrent of abuse for posting these questions but will be happy for a clear logical answer that makes some sense.