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Add the water leaves and cook for 3 minutes before adding other vegetables, that way the water will dry up before you continue cooking.

haykwin:
please the water leaves, is it just to wash with cold water and cook?

because i cook my water leaves without water for few mins when i am cooking it with anyother leaves to drain d water to avoid a watery soup b4 adding it to other ingredients

This is what's called Periwinkles, for those that doesn't know.

Edikaikong soup is a mouth watering nutritious vegetable soup, native to the Efiks of Cross River and Akwa Ibom states in Nigeria and one of their most richest and popular soup recipe.

This delicious soup edikaikong is made with a generous amount of proteinous ingredients which makes it rich in taste and flavour.

Edikaikong is usually prepared with a combination of two different vegetables; Ikong Ubong/Ugwu leaves (pumpkin leaves) and water leaves but in the absence of fluted pumpkin leaves and water leaves, Spinach and Lamb lettuce/Mache (Valerianella locusta) can be used.

Ingredients For Edikaikong Soup
* 1kg Pumpkin ( ugu)/Spinach leaves
* 200g Water leaves
* 500g of assorted meat (cow tripe (shaki), cow's skin (kpomo),
* Stock fish (optional)
* Smoked fish
* 250ml palm oil
* 1 cup Periwinkles (optional)
* 2 tablespoons ground crayfish
* 2 Seasoning cubes
* 1 medium sized onion
* Ground pepper to taste
* salt to taste

Preparation For Edikaikong Soup
Wash the vegetables clean and chop into tiny then set aside. Wash and slice the onions as well and keep aside.

Wash and cut the assorted meat in bite-able sizes. Clean the periwinkles, dried fish and stock fish and set aside.

Cooking Directions For Edikaikong Soup
Place the assorted meat and stock fish in the pot, add a little water, the chopped onion and one stock cube. Cook until both the meat and stock fish is soft and there is just a little liquid in the pot.

Now the meat is done, add the dried fish and periwinkle; add the palm oil, the ground pepper, one seasoning cube and crayfish then leave to boil for about 10 minutes.

Now add the water leaves (or lamb lettuce) and leave to cook for 3 minutes. Then add the Ikong Ubong /Ugu leaves (pumpkin leaves) and salt to taste.

Stir thoroughly and leave to simmer for 5 minutes on low heat and your Edikaikong soup is ready. Enjoy!

Edikaikong soup can be served with Pounded Yam, Eba, Akpu, Wheat meal, Semolina or Amala.

Source: www.versatileblog.com.ng/2017/06/edikaikong-how-to-make-nutritious.html

Arthritis is a condition where a joint or joints are inflamed, thereby causing pain, disability, swelling, redness and stiffness.

They are various causes of arthritis such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders.

If you feel pain in your knees, elbows, hips, hands or other joints in your body for no apparent reason then oftentimes, it is a sign of arthritis.

Arthritis is a very common problem that can take many forms. Arthritis simply means inflammation of one or more joints.

There are more than 100 different types of arthritis. Arthritis can vary from mild to severe cases.

A doctor can prescribe medication or you can take over-the-counter pain relievers.

But many people experience improvement simply by staying physically active along with one or more simple natural treatments.

Here are the 10 effective home remedies for arthritis that will definitely work for you.

1. Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple cider vinegar is rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus. Thus, it is useful in relieving joint pain.

Moreover, it helps remove the buildup of toxins in the joints and connective tissues.

a. Take a cup of warm water.
b. Mix one teaspoon each of apple cider vinegar and honey in it.
c. Drink this solution daily in the morning as it gives an alkalizing effect.

2. Ginger
Another common ingredient that can help treat arthritis is ginger, which has natural anti-inflammatory properties.

a. Grind a mixture of 6 teaspoons of dried ginger, 6 teaspoons of caraway seed powder and 3 teaspoons of black pepper powder.

b. Take half a teaspoon of this mixture along with water, thrice daily.

c. Ginger oil, when applied on the affected area on a regular basis, can reduce pain, inflammation and stiffness.

d. Eating raw ginger on a regular basis can help to alleviate pain by improving blood circulation. Simply peel and slice fresh ginger and eat it along with each meal.

3. Massage
Massaging with mustard oil is considered excellent for getting rid of arthritis pain and inflammation. The oil works as a natural ointment and stimulates blood flow.

a. Heat some mustard oil until it is slightly warm. If there is swelling, you can mix an equal amount of onion juice, too.

b. Rub it gently over the painful joint. Then cover the joint with plastic wrap and apply warm towels. Repeat this remedy daily before going to bed for best results.

c. You can also use a small amount of eucalyptus oil (helps with inflammation).

d. Or, mix wintergreen oil and eucalyptus oil together and rub it on the joint. For this remedy, you do not need to apply hot compresses.

4. Turmeric
Regular consumption of turmeric can reduce inflammation. It contains curcumin that possesses anti-inflammatory properties. It is particularly good when dealing with rheumatoid arthritis.

a. You can take 500 mg to 1,000 mg turmeric capsules three times per day.

b. You can also drink fresh turmeric juice, or a glass of warm milk mixed with one teaspoon of turmeric powder daily before going to bed.

5. Epsom Salt
Epsom salt is a good source of magnesium that helps regulate the pH levels in the body.

It is essential to balance the pH levels because certain inflammatory diseases such as arthritis are caused by high acidity levels in the body.

a. Mix Epsom salt and fresh lemon juice in equal amounts to half a cup of warm water.

b. Swallow one teaspoon of the mixture twice daily, one in the morning and one at night.

c. You can also add two cups of Epsom salt to warm bath water and soak in it.

6. Cinnamon
Cinnamon can be used to relieve arthritis pain due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

a. Mix one-half teaspoon of cinnamon powder and one tablespoon of honey in a cup of warm water and drink it every morning on an empty stomach. Do this daily for several days.

b. You can also make a paste of cinnamon and honey and massage it gently on the painful area.

7. Fish Oil
The omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil have an anti-inflammatory effect in the body and can help reduce pain.

a. Simply consume one to two teaspoons of fish oil daily.
b. Taking fish oil supplements in the morning on an empty stomach reduces morning stiffness.

c. Along with supplements, you should also eat cold-water fish and other natural products like flax seeds that are high in omega-3 fatty acids.

8. Alfalfa
Alfalfa is another herb that can be used by those suffering from arthritis because it is rich in minerals and helps regulate pH levels.

a. You can make a healthy cup of tea using alfalfa seeds. Simply add half or one teaspoon of the seeds to a cup of boiling water.

b. Let it simmer for 20 to 30 minutes with a lid on and then strain it. Drink this twice daily for two to three weeks to reduce inflammation.

c. You can also opt for alfalfa capsules, which are readily available in the market and can be taken daily.

9. Cherries
Cherries are a very good source of magnesium and potassium, both of which help arthritis sufferers. Magnesium is a natural painkiller, and potassium helps reduce inflammation.

a. Eat eight to 10 cherries daily. You can use canned, frozen or fresh cherries depending upon which is easily available.

b. You can also drink cherry syrup. Boil some cherries in water for a few minutes until it creates a strong, sweet syrup. Drink this daily for a few months.

10. Borage
The anti-inflammatory properties in borage seed oil can help relieve various symptoms of arthritis.

a. Regularly massage borage seed oil onto the affected area to help heal tender and swollen joints.

b. You can also drink one teaspoon of borage seed oil daily for pain relief.

Borage seed oil is safe and will not cause any harm, but do not ingest borage seeds or other parts of the plant.

People suffering from any kind of arthritis will likely get relief from one or more of these remedies. It is essential for arthritis patients also to maintain physical activities to enjoy better health.

Source: http://www.versatileblog.com.ng/2017/09/arthritis-home-natural-remedies-pain.html

cc; lalasticlala, Mynd44, Ddominique, Obinoscopy, MissyB3

Dlordsamurai:
Nice thread op..
wow thank GOD its Friday.

praizephoto:
Hmmmm.... nice one op

Thanks guys for reading!

A shining set of sparkling white teeth can make anyone appear more attractive, healthy and younger. Many people avoid smiling in public because they are self-conscious about the poor color of their teeth.

Teeth may gradually become yellow due to aging, hereditary factors, poor dental hygiene, or excessive consumption of tea, coffee, coke, dark wine, tobacco and cigarettes. In addition, high doses of antibiotics, climatic conditions, infection and improper metabolism can contribute to discoloring of teeth.

Often people seek professional treatment to remove the yellow tinge from their teeth, but such treatments take time and can be expensive. If you wish to get rid of yellow teeth, you can try some natural remedies.

There are many kitchen ingredients that you can use to restore your pearly white teeth. Below are 28 tested and trusted natural remedies for teeth whitening.

1. Floss Your Teeth
For some reason, flossing doesn’t come as easily to people as brushing. Still, many dentists and hygienists agree that flossing is more important than brushing. Floss twice daily for the best, teeth-saving results. Just flossing can easily remove the staining between your teeth, helping them to look whiter.

2. Baking Soda and Lemon
Baking soda and lemon is one of the best ingredients that you can use to get rid of yellow teeth. It will help remove plaque and make your pearly whites shine.
Combine baking soda with lemon juice, white vinegar, or hydrogen peroxide and brush with it. Alternatively mix a quarter teaspoon of baking soda with a little toothpaste. Brush your teeth with this gritty mixture and rinse with warm water. Use it once or twice a week.

You can make a whitening mouth wash by mixing one tablespoon of baking soda and one and a half teaspoons of hydrogen peroxide with one cup of cold water. Rinse with the mouthwash two or three times a day.

You can also scrub your teeth gently for at least two minutes with diluted baking soda. Do this twice in the first week, and then every 15 days. It is essential to note that excess use of baking soda can strip your teeth of its natural enamel.

3. Salt
Salt is one of the fundamental dental cleansing agents that has been used for ages. It helps replenish lost mineral content in the teeth and helps revive their white color. You can use common salt regularly each morning as a tooth powder instead of toothpaste.

Another option is to mix common salt with charcoal and brush your teeth with it regularly. You can also mix common salt with baking soda and gently rub it on your teeth. Be extra careful using salt as it can cause damage to your gums and tooth enamel if used roughly.

4. Strawberry, Salt and Baking Soda Scrub
Strawberries are high in Vitamin C, which can help break-down plaque that is causing your teeth to look yellow. It also has an enzyme called malic acid, which may help to remove surface stains. The salt acts as an abrasive portion of the paste, physically scrubbing away stain-causing gunk, and the baking soda is an extra touch that you can choose to leave out if you’d prefer (I just like to add it to anything involving my teeth.)

You will need…
-1-3 large strawberries
-A pinch of sea salt
-1/2 teaspoon of baking soda (optional)
• Directions
Mash the berries into a pulp, and add a pinch of sea salt and ½ teaspoon of baking soda, if you’re using it. Wipe any extra saliva off your teeth with a paper towel, and then apply a generous portion of the mixture to a toothbrush and apply. Let the mixture sit for 5 minutes, then rinse. Do this nightly.

5. Hydrogen Peroxide
The mild bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide can help make yellow teeth white again.
Rinse and gargle with a mouth wash that has hydrogen peroxide. Make sure not to swallow the hydrogen peroxide.

You can also make a paste of baking soda with hydrogen peroxide and gently brush your teeth with it. Later, brush your teeth with your regular toothpaste. Use hydrogen peroxide with extra caution as it can cause irritation of the gums and make your teeth sensitive.

6. Holy Basil
The leaves of holy basil have whitening properties and can also protect your teeth from problems such as pyorrhea, an advanced form of periodontal disease. Put a few leaves of holy basil in the sun for a few hours. When the leaves are dry, grind them into powder form.

Mix the powder with your regular toothpaste and brush your teeth. Another option is to make a paste of holy basil leaves and mustard oil and then use it to clean your teeth.

7. Apples
Eating a crunchy apple can scrub your teeth like a toothbrush and make them whiter.
1. Try to eat one or two apples daily to get rid of yellow stain accumulated on your teeth.
2. Chew it thoroughly so that the acidic nature of the apple and its fiber-rich rough flesh get ample time to work on your teeth. You can also eat other crunchy food items such as raw carrots, cucumbers and broccoli.

8. Charcoal
Charcoal is one of the best known home remedies for yellow teeth. Charcoal has a powerful crystal-based chemical that whitens teeth.
Mix some charcoal powder with your regular toothpaste and gently brush your teeth.

Do this twice daily to make your teeth sparkling white. If you don’t have charcoal, you can use the ashes of burnt bread and burnt rosemary to make your teeth whiter.

9. Margosa
You can also use neem or margosa to enjoy white, healthy teeth. Due to the astringent and antiseptic properties, regular use of margosa oil also helps get rid of bad breath and prevents dental cavities. You can use margosa twigs as a toothbrush to brush your teeth.

Chewing margosa branches also helps tackle teeth problems and remove yellow discoloring. You can also mix margosa oil with your regular toothpaste and then brush your teeth. Along with these remedies, you need to practice regular oral hygiene to enjoy positive results. If you do not get good results, you can consult a dentist.

10. Banana Peel
Banana is rich in nutrients. In fact, banana peels also possesses minerals, like magnesium, manganese, and potassium. These minerals are helpful in penetrating into teeth and whiten them. Rub the banana peel on teeth for 2 minutes. Leave it for15 minutes. After that, brush your teeth with normal toothpaste. Repeat this process for two or three times a week.

11. Crunchy Carrots
Raw carrots are a natural cleanser. Chewing raw and crunchy carrots help in clearing plaque from teeth. Carrot helps in maintaining acid-alkaline balance in the mouth, which kills bacteria. Similarly, cucumber, celery, and broccoli also help in whitening the teeth.

12. Raisins
Raisins help in increasing the production of saliva. Raisins should be consumed daily as it helps in scrapping off plaque. It also prevents the formation of plaque.

13. Cheese
It is very strange that cheese can also be used as teeth whitening element. According to various researched sources, consuming a piece of cheese after meal helps to promote teeth re-mineralization and prevent teeth decay.

14. Milk and Yogurt
Milk and yogurt are rich in phosphorus and calcium. These minerals help in promoting re-mineralization of tooth enamel. They help in maintaining cavity-free and sparkling teeth.

15. Sugar-free Gum
Sugar-free gums, made with Xylitol, are also used for whitening teeth. According to a research, Xylitol is a natural sweetener, which fights against plaque and helps in reducing bacteria in the mouth. It also increases the production of saliva and neutralizes pH levels in the mouth.

16. Oil Pulling
Oil pulling is basically used to improve the oral health. Take one tablespoon of oil (sesame, coconut, sunflower, or olive). Rub it gently on teeth for 20 minutes. After rubbing, rinse your mouth. You can also gargle with oil to cover all corners of your mouth. After that, spit out the oil and rinse your mouth with clean water.

17. Banyan Roots
Roots of the banyan tree are also used for whitening teeth. The aerial roots of the banyan tree act as a disposable toothbrush. You are required to chew the roots of the banyan tree. These roots possess astringent properties, which are helpful to whiten the teeth.

18. Citrus Fruits
Citrus fruits help in generating saliva, which helps in whitening the teeth in a natural way. Lemon, pineapple, and oranges are some of the common citrus fruits.
Note: Over consumption of citrus fruits can damage the tooth enamel.

19. Bay Leaves
Take some dried bay leaves. Crush them and mix with an equal amount of dried orange peel powder. Add some water to make a paste. Rub the paste directly on the teeth. You can also use this mixture in dry form.

20. Apple Cider Vinegar
To brighten up your smile, you can use apple cider vinegar. Apple cider vinegar is used not only as a whitener, but also to kill germs, affecting the teeth. To whiten your teeth, start gargling with apple cider vinegar.
Note: Do not use it frequently; otherwise, it may damage your enamel.

21. Dark Chocolates
Here is an interesting fact for chocolate lovers. Dark chocolates are effective for whitening your teeth. These are rich in the obromine, a substance which helps to harden and whiten the surface of teeth.

22. Whitening Strips
One of the most easiest and convenient methods to prevent teeth discoloration is to use teeth whitening strips. These strips are very thin and coated with peroxide gel. They are easily available in the market. You are required to wear it fora few minutes in a day. If it is used continuously fora few days, effective results are visible.

23. Alcohol-free Mouthwash
No doubt, mouth wash helps in cleaning the mouth, but, most of the mouth washes available in the market have excessive alcohol. Alcohol can dry out the tissues in the mouth and attracts bacteria. According to some studies, alcohol can increase the risk of oral cancer. So, be careful while selecting a mouthwash! Always pick an alcohol-free mouthwash.

24. Peelu Plant Fibres
Powder of peelu plant fibres can be used in the form of toothpaste. This non-abrasive powder helps in natural whitening of teeth.

25. Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is also considered to be effective teeth whitening solution. It fights against the infecting bacteria and acts as a cleansing material. It is effective against cavities and root canals. For its usage, you have to mix aloe vera with vegetable glycerine to form a paste. Add some baking soda to it. Use the paste for cleaning the teeth.

26. Turmeric
Turmeric is also used as teeth whitening agent. Take some turmeric and roast it. Crush it into powder and add some salt and lime juice to it. This mixture can be used for whitening the teeth. It also keeps the gums healthier.

27. Lemon
Lemon is known for its immune boosting power, antibacterial, and healing properties. Lemon is not only used for skin diseases, but also used for whitening teeth. Take out the juice of lemon and mix it with some water. Rinse your mouth with this water. Else, scrub your teeth directly with lemon peel to make them white.

Another way is to add some salt in a few drops of lemon juice. Apply the mixture on stained teeth. Now, rub toothpaste over your teeth and gums. Leave it for a few minutes. After sometime, rinse your mouth with normal water. Practice it twice a day to prevent teeth from yellow stains.

28. Rinsing the Mouth
It is one of the most ignored home teeth whitening remedies. A proper rinsing of mouth helps in cleaning the mouth effectively. Rinsing helps in preventing teeth from discolouration due to caffeinated drinks and sugar sodas. One should immediately gargle or swish mouth with water to remove the residual food.

Other Remedies
Apart from these simple and quick home remedies forteeth whitening, some other treatments and ready-to-use tools and kits are available in the market to whiten your teeth. Take a look:

1. Ultrasonic Cleaning: In this method, ultrasonic vibrations are used to remove the stains from teeth. However, it will not change the colour of your teeth, but reduces the teeth staining, resulted from building-up of calculus.

2. Dental Veneers : These are wafer-like coverings for teeth. They are made of porcelain and are cemented on teeth. They are effective against teeth discolouration as well as crooked or broken teeth.

3. Laser Teeth Whitening : In this method, a peroxide gel is used to lighten the teeth. A gel is applied on teeth. With the help of a laser, teeth whitening agents are made activated, which restore the brightness of your teeth.

4. Teeth Whitening Pens : These pens consist of a whitening gel. You just require applying this pen on your teeth, after brushing properly. Leave it for two-three minutes. Then, wash off your mouth with water. For the best results, use it continuously for 2 weeks.

5. Magic Erasers : Magic erasers are used to clean and whiten the teeth. But, are they really effective? Well, some people do not prefer it because it damages the enamel.

Preventive Measures
Discolouration of the teeth can be prevented to a great extent by following the below given measures.
• Use a straw to consume drinks. It will reduce the exposure of the teeth to staining beverages, like coffee, fruit juices, etc. It will directly pass the drink to your throat, rather affecting the teeth.

• Drink a cup of tea every day as it is rich in fluorides, which fights against the harmful bacteria and stops the production of a type of sugar that results in cavities. But, avoid drinking too much tea.

• Brush your teeth gently. Do not apply force for removing plaque.
• Avoid smoking , red wines, black tea, etc.
• Replace your toothbrush on a regular basis.
• Use water floss to prevent teeth decay.
• Include fibrous food in your diet.

Stretch marks are the off-coloured stripes or streaks formed on the skin as a result of swift stretching of the skin or weight changes. They mainly appear on the abdomen due to pregnancy or obesity.

In dermatology, they are termed as Striae. They are formed due to hormonal changes related to pregnancy, puberty, hormone replacement therapy, etc.

It is natural that every woman will develop stretch marks at some point of time in her life. Although they are natural, but have truly ugly looks. No woman would like to have stretch marks on her skin.

In this fast pace of life, women have very less time to take care of themselves. One of the problems that most of the women counter with, is stretch marks.

If stretch marks are not treated on time, they get older and difficult to remove. So make sure to seek medical attention immediately you notice stretch marks on your skin.

Stretch marks can be commonly seen on waist, thighs, lower backs, hips, breasts, arms, and buttocks.

• How are these stretch marks formed?

The skin of the human body consists of three main layers:
Epidermis (the outer layer)
Dermis (the middle layer)
Hypodermic (the deepest and third layer)

When the connective tissue is stretched due to the expansion and contraction of skin, the stretch marks starts developing on the dermis or the middle layer of the skin.

With the stretch in skin, the collagen gets weak, and the elastin fibres start tearing. Due to this, its normal production cycle gets damaged or interrupted.

This results in the formation of fine scars under the epidermis or the top layer of the skin. Initially, they appear red or pink, but gradually, they turn into thin silvery line.

• Causes
Stretch marks are not a disease, which infects the human body, but are the scars formed due to contraction and expansion of skin. They are basically caused by stretching of the skin.

Their appearance depends on the type of skin. These ugly stretch marks are caused due to:

* The physical stretching of the skin at the end of pregnancy.
* Extraordinary weight gain, specifically on arms, thighs, etc.
* Use of certain medications including lotions, pills, corticosteroid creams, and steroids.
* Adrenal gland diseases, Cushing's syndrome, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
* Genetic disorders.
* Muscle building.
* Hormonal changes during puberty.
* Heredity.

• Symptoms
What are the signs of stretch marks?
No one would ever like to have stretch marks on their skin. They commonly appear on the places where a large amount of fats is deposited. Some of the symptoms which help to recognize the development of stretch marks are as follows:

* The skin becomes pink, flattened and thin before the development of stretch marks.
* Development of red, pink, or purple lines on skin.
* Affected area becomes soft to touch.
* At the initial phase, these lines appear wrinkly and somewhat raised.
* With the passage of time, these lines convert into silver or white in colour.
* They may also appear in patches of parallel lines.
* They appear as scar.

Apart from the use of natural home remedies, various other simple options are also available to remove stretch marks. They are as follows:

* Use oats as a natural scrub on the stretch marks.
* Use Vaseline on the stretch marks.
* For itchy stretch marks, take a warm shower followed by a gentle oil massage.
* Use a moisturizer on the affected area.

Yes, there are natural and herbal remedies to get rid of stretch marks at home! Here are some quick home remedies for stretch marks, which will undoubtedly reduce or remove the scars from the affected area.

• 1. Sugar
Sugar is used as a natural exfoliant for skin. It is one of the best home remedies to get rid of stretch marks. Take a tablespoon of sugar. Add some drops of almond oil and lemon juice in it.

Stir it well and apply directly on the stretch marks. Rub it for 8-10 minutes and then, take a shower. Continue to use it for one month or so, until the stretch marks fades out.

• 2. Potato Juice
Potato juice is rich in minerals and vitamins. It promotes restoration and growth of skin cells. Cut thick slices of a medium-sized potato. Take one of the potato slices and rub gently on the stretch marks for a few minutes. When the juice gets dried, wash the affected area with lukewarm water.

• 3. Water
Water is known for carrying oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body. To prevent skin from various problems, drinking water helps a lot.

To get rid of stretch marks, a well-hydrated skin is required in order to allow regular detoxification of skin pores.

It is the quickest remedy to heal stretch marks. Drink 10 glasses of water daily to make skin soft and maintain a hydrated body.

• 5. Olive Oil
Olive oil is rich in antioxidants and nutrients, which are effective for skin disorders. For healing stretch marks, warm the olive oil slightly. Rub it gently on the affected area. With this, the blood circulation will improve and stretch marks will get reduced.

6. Lemon Juice
Lemon juice is other easy treatment for stretch marks. The acid present in lemon juice helps in reducing stretch marks, acne, skin injuries, and scars.

Take out juice from some lemons. Massage it gently for 10 minutes in a circular motion on the stretch marks. Clean the affected area with warm water. You can also mix some lemon juice with cucumber juice. Apply this mix directly on the affected area.

• 7. Castor Oil
Castor oil is considered to be a healing treatment for skin problems, like moles, dark spots, wrinkles, pimples, fine lines and stretch marks as well.

To get rid of stretch marks, apply castor oil directly on the stretch marks. Massage it in a circular motion for 15 minutes. After massaging, wrap the affected area with thin and clean cotton cloth.

Now, apply some heat with the help of heating pad or hot water bottle. Continue the process for 30 minutes daily for one month to get best results.

8. Cocoa Butter
Cocoa butter is famous for its anti-wrinkling and anti-aging properties. It helps in enhancing the blood circulation, which reduces stretch marks.

Massage the affected area with cocoa butter for at least two times a day. Repeat the process for two months and you'll notice the reduced scars.

Else, mix half cup of cocoa butter with one tablespoon of wheat germ oil, one teaspoon of teakernel oil, two teaspoons of grated beeswax, and vitamin E oil.

Heat the mix until the beeswax melts. Apply it on the stretch marks twice or thrice a day. The mixture can be stored in a sealed box in the refrigerator.

• 10. Egg Whites
To get rid of stretch marks, egg whites are beneficial as they are rich in proteins and amino acid. Extract whites of two eggs. Whip it with the help of a fork.

After washing the affected area with clean water, apply a thick layer of egg whites with the help of a brush. Let it dry completely and wash it off with cold water.

After this, apply some olive oil to moisturize the skin. For two weeks, continue the process daily for better results.

11. Apricots
Take two-three apricots. Cut them and remove their seeds. Grind them to form a paste. Apply the paste directly on the stretch marks. Leave it for 20 minutes.

Then, rinse it with lukewarm water. Follow the process for one month and see the promising results.

12. Lavender Oil, Almond Oil, And Chamomile Oil
Prepare a mixture of vitamin-rich oils by mixing two teaspoons of almond oil, half teaspoon of lavender oil and half teaspoon of chamomile oil. Stir the mixture well and apply it on the stretch marks.

14. Herbal Solution
Herbal solution is easy to prepare. It is actually a mixture of one tablespoon of wheat germ oil and one tablespoon of calendula oil. Apply this herbal mix on hips, breast, and abdomen to remove stretch marks.

15. Glycerine and Lemon
Lemon is rich in citrus acid. Put 1-2 drops of glycerine in lemon. Rub the lemon on the affected area gently. Repeat the process two times a day. It will not only reduce the stretch marks, but will also keep your skin moisturized.

17. Physical Exercise
One must regularly do physical exercises, like abdominal crunches, sit-ups, swimming, etc., which tone the underlying muscles and remove the ugly stretch marks.

Here are some exercises, which are beneficial to remove stretch marks:

* For Stretch Marks on Stomach: You are required to lie down flat on your back. Now, bend your knees keeping feet flat on the floor. Keep your hands on the sides of your head. Now, lift your upper body somewhat offthe floor, contracting your abs.

* For Stretch Marks on Thighs: Sit straight on the chair. Now, put your hands down to your sides, holding the chair. Now, swing your legs in an up and down motion. This will help to firm your thighs.

* For Stretch Marks on Hips and Buttocks : Lie down flat on your back. Relax for a few minutes. Then, lift one leg creating a 90 degree angle. Lift it until you feel a pull on your buttocks. Try the same on the other leg. Slowly, increase your pace and strain on the hips, buttocks, and thighs.

* For Stretch Marks on Bottom : You are required to lie down facing the floor. Put your arms on the side. Lift your right leg up and then down. Repeat the same with left leg. Raise your leg at least 3-6 inches off the floor.

Note: For best results, practice 20 lifts for each exercise thrice a week.

• 18. Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is considered to be the most effective homeopathic remedy for stretch marks and various other skin problems. It is known for its healing and soothing properties.

Apply aloe vera directly on the stretch marks. After a few minutes, clean it with lukewarm water. Alternatively,take a one-fourth cup of aloe vera gel. Extract oil from 5 vitamin A capsules and 10 vitamin E capsules.

Mix both the oils with aloe vera.Rub this mixture carefully on the affected area until it gets fully absorbed. For better results, apply this mixture daily.

• 19. Alfalfa Leaves
Alfalfa leaves consists of amino acids, which are effective for maintaining proper health of the skin. It is rich in vitamin E, K , and proteins, which help in improving body tone.

It has anti-fungal agents,which detoxifies the skin. Take some alfalfa powder and mix it with a few drops of chamomile oil to form a paste. Gently rub the paste on the affected area thrice a day.

• 20. Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil owns anti-viral,antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is effective for all types of skin problems. Take some tea tree oil and massage gently on the affected area.

• 21. Vitamin K
Vitamin K is helpful in preventing scars on dermis.Vitamin K is present in green vegetables, like cabbage, spring onions, pickled cucumber, etc. Make a salad of all these vegetables and consume it daily to get rid of stretch marks.

• Useful Tips
-Consume protein, zinc and Vitamin C rich foods in abundance. Green salad, milk, fish, nuts and citrus fruits help a lot in diminishing stretch marks.

-Do yoga and other physical exercises on a regular basis.

-Pregnant women should not use creams and solutions, prepared from chemicals. Instead of fading away stretch marks, they may result in skin damaging rashes.

-Don't scratch the affected area and also make sure to keep your skin moisturized always.

A shining set of sparkling white teeth can make anyone appear more attractive, healthy and younger. Many people avoid smiling in public because they are self-conscious about the poor color of their teeth.

Teeth may gradually become yellow due to aging, hereditary factors, poor dental hygiene, or excessive consumption of tea, coffee, coke, dark wine, tobacco and cigarettes. In addition, high doses of antibiotics, climatic conditions, infection and improper metabolism can contribute to discoloring of teeth.

Often people seek professional treatment to remove the yellow tinge from their teeth, but such treatments take time and can be expensive. If you wish to get rid of yellow teeth, you can try some natural remedies.
There are many kitchen ingredients that you can use to restore your pearly white teeth.

Below are 28 tested and trusted natural remedies for teeth whitening.

1. Floss Your Teeth
For some reason, flossing doesn’t come as easily to people as brushing. Still, many dentists and hygienists agree that flossing is more important than brushing. Floss twice daily for the best, teeth-saving results. Just flossing can easily remove the staining between your teeth, helping them to look whiter.

2. Baking Soda and Lemon
Baking soda and lemon is one of the best ingredients that you can use to get rid of yellow teeth. It will help remove plaque and make your pearly whites shine.
Combine baking soda with lemon juice, white vinegar, or hydrogen peroxide and brush with it. Alternatively mix a quarter teaspoon of baking soda with a little toothpaste. Brush your teeth with this gritty mixture and rinse with warm water. Use it once or twice a week.
You can make a whitening mouth wash by mixing one tablespoon of baking soda and one and a half teaspoons of hydrogen peroxide with one cup of cold water. Rinse with the mouthwash two or three times a day.
You can also scrub your teeth gently for at least two minutes with diluted baking soda. Do this twice in the first week, and then every 15 days. It is essential to note that excess use of baking soda can strip your teeth of its natural enamel.

3. Salt
Salt is one of the fundamental dental cleansing agents that has been used for ages. It helps replenish lost mineral content in the teeth and helps revive their white color. You can use common salt regularly each morning as a tooth powder instead of toothpaste.
Another option is to mix common salt with charcoal and brush your teeth with it regularly. You can also mix common salt with baking soda and gently rub it on your teeth. Be extra careful using salt as it can cause damage to your gums and tooth enamel if used roughly.

4. Strawberry, Salt and Baking Soda Scrub
Strawberries are high in Vitamin C, which can help break-down plaque that is causing your teeth to look yellow. It also has an enzyme called malic acid, which may help to remove surface stains. The salt acts as an abrasive portion of the paste, physically scrubbing away stain-causing gunk, and the baking soda is an extra touch that you can choose to leave out if you’d prefer (I just like to add it to anything involving my teeth.)
You will need…
-1-3 large strawberries
-A pinch of sea salt
-1/2 teaspoon of baking soda (optional)
• Directions
Mash the berries into a pulp, and add a pinch of sea salt and ½ teaspoon of baking soda, if you’re using it. Wipe any extra saliva offyour teeth with a paper towel, and then apply a generous portion of the mixture to a toothbrush and apply. Let the mixture sit for 5 minutes, then rinse. Do this nightly.

5. Hydrogen Peroxide
The mild bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide can help make yellow teeth white again.
Rinse and gargle with a mouth wash that has hydrogen peroxide. Make sure not to swallow the hydrogen peroxide.
You can also make a paste of baking soda with hydrogen peroxide and gently brush your teeth with it. Later, brush your teeth with your regular toothpaste. Use hydrogen peroxide with extra caution as it can cause irritation of the gums and make your teeth sensitive.

6. Holy Basil
The leaves of holy basil have whitening properties and can also protect your teeth from problems such as pyorrhea, an advanced form of periodontal disease. Put a few leaves of holy basil in the sun for a few hours. When the leaves are dry, grind them into powder form.
Mix the powder with your regular toothpaste and brush your teeth. Another option is to make a paste of holy basil leaves and mustard oil and then use it to clean your teeth.
7. Apples
Eating a crunchy apple can scrub your teeth like a toothbrush and make them whiter.
1. Try to eat one or two apples daily to get rid of yellow stain accumulated on your teeth.
2. Chew it thoroughly so that the acidic nature of the apple and its fiber-rich rough flesh get ample time to work on your teeth. You can also eat other crunchy food items such as raw carrots, cucumbers and broccoli.

8. Charcoal
Charcoal is one of the best known home remedies for yellow teeth. Charcoal has a powerful crystal-based chemical that whitens teeth.
Mix some charcoal powder with your regular toothpaste and gently brush your teeth.
Do this twice daily to make your teeth sparkling white. If you don’t have charcoal, you can use the ashes of burnt bread and burnt rosemary to make your teeth whiter.

9. Margosa
You can also use neem or margosa to enjoy white, healthy teeth. Due to the astringent and antiseptic properties, regular use of margosa oil also helps get rid of bad breath and prevents dental cavities. You can use margosa twigs as a toothbrush to brush your teeth.
Chewing margosa branches also helps tackle teeth problems and remove yellow discoloring. You can also mix margosa oil with your regular toothpaste and then brush your teeth. Along with these remedies, you need to practice regular oral hygiene to enjoy positive results. If you do not get good results, you can consult a dentist.

10. Banana Peel
Bananais rich in nutrients. In fact, banana peels also possesses minerals, like magnesium, manganese, and potassium. These minerals are helpful in penetrating into teeth and whiten them. Rub the banana peel on teeth for 2 minutes. Leave it for15 minutes. After that, brush your teeth with normal toothpaste. Repeat this process for two or three times a week.

11. Crunchy Carrots
Raw carrots are a natural cleanser. Chewing raw and crunchy carrots help in clearing plaque from teeth. Carrot helps in maintainingacid-alkaline balance in the mouth, which kills bacteria. Similarly, cucumber, celery, and broccoli also help in whitening the teeth.

12. Raisins
Raisins help in increasing the production of saliva. Raisins should be consumed daily as it helps in scrapping off plaque. It also prevents the formation of plaque.

13. Cheese
It is very strange that cheese can also be used as teeth whitening element. According to various researched sources, consuming a piece of cheese after meal helps to promote teeth re-mineralization and prevent teeth decay.

14. Milk and Yogurt
Milk and yogurt are rich in phosphorus and calcium. These minerals help in promoting re-mineralization of tooth enamel. They help in maintainingcavity-free and sparkling teeth.

15. Sugar-free Gum
Sugar-free gums, made with Xylitol, are also used for whitening teeth. According to a research, Xylitol is a natural sweetener, which fights against plaque and helps in reducing bacteria in the mouth. It also increases the production of saliva and neutralizes pH levels in the mouth.

16. Oil Pulling
Oil pulling is basically used to improve the oral health. Take one tablespoon of oil (sesame, coconut, sunflower, or olive). Rub it gently on teeth for 20 minutes. After rubbing, rinse your mouth. You can also gargle with oil to cover all corners of your mouth. After that, spit out the oil and rinse your mouth with clean water.

17. Banyan Roots
Roots of the banyantree are also used for whitening teeth. The aerial roots of the banyantree act as a disposable toothbrush. You are required to chew the roots of the banyantree. These roots possess astringent properties, which are helpful to whiten the teeth.

18. Citrus Fruits
Citrus fruits help in generating saliva, which helps in whitening the teeth in a natural way. Lemon, pineapple, and oranges are some of the common citrus fruits.
Note: Over consumption of citrus fruits can damage the tooth enamel.

19. Bay Leaves
Take some dried bay leaves. Crush them and mix with an equal amount of dried orange peel powder. Add some water to make a paste. Rub the paste directly on the teeth. You can also use this mixture in dry form.

20. Apple Cider Vinegar
To brighten up your smile, you can use apple cider vinegar. Apple cider vinegar is used not only as a whitener, but also to kill germs, affectingthe teeth. To whiten your teeth, start gargling with apple cider vinegar.
Note: Do not use it frequently; otherwise, it may damage your enamel.

21. Dark Chocolates
Here is an interesting fact for chocolate lovers. Dark chocolates are effective for whitening your teeth. These are rich in the obromine, a substance which helps to harden and whiten the surface of teeth.

22. WhiteningStrips
One of the most easiest and convenient methods to prevent teeth discoloration is to use teeth whitening strips. These strips are very thin and coated with peroxide gel. They are easily available in the market. You are required to wear it fora few minutes in a day. If it is used continuously fora few days, effective results are visible.

23. Alcohol-free Mouthwash
No doubt, mouth wash helps in cleaning the mouth, but, most of the mouth washes available in the market have excessive alcohol. Alcohol can dry out the tissues in the mouth and attracts bacteria. According to some studies, alcohol can increase the risk of oral cancer. So, be careful while selecting a mouthwash! Always pick an alcohol-free mouthwash.

24. Peelu Plant Fibres
Powder of peelu plant fibres can be used in the form of toothpaste. This non-abrasive powder helps in natural whitening of teeth.

25. Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is also considered to be effective teeth whitening solution. It fights against the infecting bacteria and acts as a cleansing material. It is effective against cavities and root canals. For its usage, you have to mix aloe vera with vegetable glycerine to form a paste. Add some baking soda to it. Use the paste for cleaning the teeth.

26. Turmeric
Turmeric is also used as teeth whitening agent. Take some turmeric and roast it. Crush it into powder and add some salt and lime juice to it. This mixture can be used for whitening the teeth. It also keeps the gums healthier.

27. Lemon
Lemon is known for its immune boosting power, antibacterial, and healing properties. Lemon is not only used for skin diseases, but also used for whitening teeth. Take out the juice of lemon and mix it with some water. Rinse your mouth with this water. Else, scrub your teeth directly with lemon peel to make them white.
Another way is to add some salt in a few drops of lemon juice. Apply the mixture on stained teeth. Now, rub toothpaste over your teeth and gums. Leave it for a few minutes. After sometime, rinse your mouth with normal water. Practice it twice a day to prevent teeth from yellow stains.

28. Rinsing the Mouth
It is one of the most ignored home teeth whitening remedies. A proper rinsing of mouth helps in cleaning the mouth effectively. Rinsing helps in preventing teeth from discolouration due to caffeinated drinks and sugar sodas. One should immediately gargle or swish mouth with water to remove the residual food.

Other Remedies
Apart from these simple and quick home remedies forteeth whitening, some other treatments and ready-to-use tools and kits are available in the market to whiten your teeth. Take a look:
1. Ultrasonic Cleaning : In this method, ultrasonic vibrations are used to remove the stains from teeth. However, it will not changethe colour of your teeth, but reduces the teeth staining, resulted from building-up of calculus.
2. Dental Veneers : These are wafer-like coverings for teeth. They are made of porcelain and are cemented on teeth. They are effective against teeth discolouration as well as crooked or broken teeth.
3. Laser Teeth Whitening: In this method, a peroxide gel is used to lighten the teeth. A gel is applied on teeth. With the help of a laser, teeth whitening agents are made activated, which restore the brightness of your teeth.
4. Teeth WhiteningPens : These pens consist of a whitening gel. You just require applying this pen on your teeth, after brushing properly. Leave it for two-three minutes. Then, wash off your mouth with water. For the best results, use it continuously for 2 weeks.
5. Magic Erasers : Magic erasers are used to clean and whiten the teeth. But, are they really effective? Well, some people do not prefer it because it damages the enamel.

Preventive Measures
Discolouration of the teeth can be prevented to a great extent by following the below given measures.
• Use a straw to consume drinks. It will reduce the exposure of the teeth to staining beverages, like coffee, fruit juices, etc. It will directly pass the drink to your throat, rather affectingthe teeth.
• Drink a cup of tea every day as it is rich in fluorides, which fights against the harmful bacteria and stops the production of a type of sugar that results in cavities. But, avoid drinking too much tea.
• Brush your teeth gently. Do not apply force for removing plaque.
• Avoid smoking , red wines, black tea, etc.
• Replace your toothbrush on a regular basis.
• Use water floss to prevent teeth decay.
• Include fibrous food in your diet.
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