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Education › Esut Project Topics | Free Download by freeprojects(op): 9:08am On Nov 16, 2017

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Education › Unn Project Topics | Free Download by freeprojects(op): 9:00am On Nov 16, 2017*

Education › Best Project Topic In Nigeria | Final Year Best Project Topics by freeprojects(op): 5:27pm On Nov 09, 2017

Education › Free Project Topics And Materials For Business Administration by freeprojects(op): 5:07pm On Nov 09, 2017

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Education › The Best Website To Download Free Project Topic In Nigeria by freeprojects(op): 4:56pm On Nov 09, 2017

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Education › Project Topics For Private Universities In Nigeria by freeprojects(op): 12:38pm On Nov 09, 2017

Education › Bombing The Menace Of Examination Malpractice by freeprojects(op): 12:30pm On Nov 09, 2017

Bombing The Menace Of Examination Malpractice Using Community Of Inquiry Philosophy For Children System Of Education In Primary Schools In Enugu State With Reference To Udi Loal Government Area.
Source: www.projectng.com
ABSTRACT

Examination malpractice is an illegal attempt or action of an individual or group of students to benefits self or others through evil means while violating the regulations governing the conduct of examination. Therefore this study tried to analyze how we are going to bomb the menace of examination malpractice Using Community of Inquiry philosophy for children (COIP4C)system of Education in our primary schools with a view to ascertain its holistic approach and adequacy. A sample of twenty teachers and few pupils were used for the study and they were drawn from five primary schools in Udi. Also, some research questions were raised such as: Examination is a major setback in our school? Infact the major findings of the study were that using COIP4C system of education to bomb the menace of examination malpractice of Examination Malpractice is a welcomed idea.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The menace of examination mal practice in our schools is highly increasing. There is indication that the menace of examination malpractice in our primary schools exists as one of the prevalent hazards that threaten the society. Therefore bombing the menace of examination Mal-practice using Community of Inquiry Philosophy for Children (COIP4C) system of education will of necessity be very authentic, inter-subjected in the promotion of quality standard of education in primary schools in Udi Local government Area. So Using Community of Inquiry Philosophy for Children (COIP4C) system of education to bomb all examination Mal practice has become a major source of concern to the validity and reliability of our educational system. This is because success in every human endeavor entails time spent in preparations and in effective teaching and learning which helps in eradicating the menace of examination malpractice.

Therefore the issue of low academic performances and the increasing prevalence of examination malpractice over the years is becoming a serious concern to all stakeholders within the educational sector, that is the main reason why Community of Inquiry Philosophy for Children (COIP4C) system of education should be introduce in our primary schools this is because Community of Inquiry Philosophy for Children (COIP4C) system of education accept the ecumenical principle of collaboration, co-operation and concelebration in an educative process which helps in bombing all sort of examination Mal practice in our primary schools.

1.2 POINT OF INQUIRY

Eminent philosophers have proved beyond reasonable doubt that of all academic menace besetting learners at different levels of our educational system is lack of Community of Inquiry Philosophy for Children (COIP4C) system of education in schools which gives rise to poor performances of pupils that constitutes low standard of education, examination Malpractice, violence, disorderliness and occultism which are the major headache on our academic success. Therefore there is need for Community of Inquiry Philosophy for Children (COIP4C) system of education in our primary schools because the new system is to emerge-benevolence, love, trust, intelligent, sympathy, compassion and tolerance; Instead of examination Malpractice and all forms of “expo” in the school system, both staff and pupils will develop the wonderful academic tools of empathy, consistency, comprehensiveness giving and demanding reasons which helps to bomb or arrest examination Mal practice or any sort of expo in our primary schools.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

According to Adolescent Psychology in focus, examination is one of most important evaluative instrument being used in determining the learners rate of achievement in terms of the desired goal or set objectives.

Therefore examination Malpractice is any action that contravenes the rules and regulation of examination ethics it is an illegal attempt or action of an individuals or group of students to benefits self or others through evil means while violating the regulations governing the conduct of examination Based on this insight; Using COPI4C system of education to bomb the menace of examination Mal practices is very holistic, global, universal, dialogic and cooperative in both theory and practice this is because the system (COPI4C) reduce the problems of schooling without thinking on the pupils performance.

According to ATCOICOE; students are taught to develop as independents thinkers when they are given set of values and made to understand through the community of Inquiry approach that all experiences and points of view are respected. Anything different from this becomes indoctrination. Therefore the ability to read well at any age is very crucial for academic success; this will help to have good and reflective thinking that have so many combinations, such as critical creative, affective dimensions of thinking which bombs away all sorts of examination menace in our schools. The sickness of our educative process is that good thinking is not truly oriented; this is because most of our academically certificated people never had a good opportunity to do good thinking. They purse academic shadow instead of the consistent rigorous method of critically analysis situations to arrive at complex and creative solutions to bomb out all examination menace in schools.

No wonder Dewey regarded good thinking as the fundamentals aim of lack of creative and critical thinking in our schools gives rise to the very dangerous situation of having people pass through our schools systems and yet are very uneducated. The new trend (COPI4C) bombs examination malpractice by giving the pupils the opportunities to participate in grappling with the big questions and task of thinking before action. Pupils are led to reflects figure out things, understand cause and effect and to feel that they are part of the society that will make them to stand freely from examination Mal practice in the schools. This is done by allowing them to ask questions and provide answers to the questions by themselves without looking side Read More

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Educational Services › Free Project Topics And Materials For Computer Science by freeprojects(op): 11:33am On Nov 07, 2017

free project topics and materials for computer science

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Education › Business Administration Project Topic by freeprojects(op): 11:28am On Nov 07, 2017

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Education › Re: Download Free Project Topic For All Departments by freeprojects(op): 11:24am On Nov 07, 2017

Education › Download Free Project Topic For All Departments by freeprojects(op): 8:14am On Nov 07, 2017

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Politics › Re: Soldiers Burn Boko Haram Base, Kill 3 Terrorists, Recover Weapons (Photos) by freeprojects: 8:31pm On Oct 28, 2017

Educational Services › Production Of Facial Powder Using Corncob by freeprojects(op): 9:40am On Oct 27, 2017

PRODUCTION OF FACIAL POWDER USING CORNCOB. source: www.projectng.com
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Face powder is a cosmetic powder applied to the face to set a foundation after application. It can also be reapplied throughout the day to minimize shininess caused by oily skin. There is translucent sheer powder, and there is pigmented powder. Certain types of pigmented facial powders are meant be worn alone with no base foundation. Powder tones the face and gives an even appearance. Besides toning the face, some powders with sunscreen can also reduce skin damage from sunlight and environmental stress. It comes packaged either as a compact or as loose powder. It can be applied with a sponge, brush, or powder puff. Uniform distribution over the face is achieved more easily when a loose powder is applied. Because of the wide variation among human skin tones, there is a corresponding variety of colors of face powder. There are also several types of powder. A common powder used in beauty products is corncob (or baby powder), which is absorbent and provides toning to the skin.

It can also be applied generously to the higher points of the face to brighten, colour correct and highlight, through a technique termed baking (aka cooking). this technique also helps to increase the coverage of the make-up whilst helping the makeup stay in place for longer.

A corncob, also spelled corn cob, is the central core of an ear of maize (Zea mays ssp. mays). It is the part of the ear on which the kernels grow. The ear is also considered a "cob" or "pole" but it is not fully a "pole" until the ear is shucked, or removed from the plant material around the ear.

Young ears, also called baby corn, can be consumed raw, but as the plant matures the cob becomes tougher until only the kernels are edible.

When harvesting corn, the corncob may be collected as part of the ear (necessary for corn on the cob), or instead may be left as part of the corn stover in the field.

The innermost part of the cob is white and has a consistency similar to foam plastic.

Cosmetics are referred to as substances that make the face, body and hair look more attractive; generally, the study of cosmetology came into existence in the year 1895, in Chicago. Cosmetology is a branch of applied science, which deals with the external embellishment of the human, through the use of cosmetic products.

Cosmetics are of different types and are divided into hair care, body care, and make-up. Concisely, hair care cosmetics are referred to as the shampoo, Relaxers, conditioners, styling gel, pink oil, etc. Thus, there are used to beautify the hair. The body care cosmetics are the body creams and body lotions; they are cleansing creams and moisturizers, which are used for the body (Skin) Beautification.

Make-up cosmetics are referred to as powders, lipsticks, Wet-lips, cortex etc. powder is one of the cosmetic product that is widely used and very important to man since individuals want to promote their beauty.

Thus, powders are chemical formulation which are used on the external part of the skin e.g. face.

Powders are classified into three different types which are known as the simple powders, Antiseptic/Medicated powders, and Brown powders. Though, generally, the various powders are being applied on the skin but two of the powders named are basically for face beautification e.g Simple powder and Brown powder. The Antiseptic/Medicated are being applied on the body (Skin), when there is prickly heat rashes on the skin in other to inhabit or eliminate the micro-organisms that are infectious or causes infection to the human skin.

The qualities of the different powder products depends on the active ingredients and other additives added to it during it’s formulation. No single powder contains all the desired qualities needed by man and as such different powder cosmetics products exist in the market so as to meet the choice of individuals and as to such any of the product becomes medicated/Antiseptic powder when it contains germicidal or Antiseptic compounds including materials like Irzasan DP 300, Triclosan, menthol etc.

Any antiseptic added to powder must have selective toxicity so that it can only affact the particular micro-organisms activity to be controlled or eliminated and do not have any negative effect when applied on the skin (face or any part of the body.).

Hence, the brown powder (pan-cake or pressed powder) are pro duced purposely for the compliment of the skin colour.

Though, they vary in colours they are produced through the same medium the brown powder has three different colours namely colour 1

Colour 2, colour 3. Basically, colour 1 is produced for those with white skin colour people, colour 2 is produced for chocolate colour people, and colour 3 is produced for black skin colour people. Thus, the production of the brown powder is more tedious when compared to simple and Antiseptic/Medicated powders. Due to the process it under goes during the production. Thus, the simple powder is the most easiest and cheapest to produce Read More

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Educational Services › Leadership And Motivation As Essential Tools by freeprojects(op): 1:13pm On Oct 26, 2017

Leadership And Motivation As Essential Tools. source: www.projectng.com
ABSTRACT

(People entering employing organization) go into these organization with a lot of expectation in mind, in most cases, they (seek) good salary and other motivational factors if they are to be retained in the organization these motivation. Job security, efficient medical services, pension scheme, recognition, transportation, housing, good working condition, promotion among others. Where these leadership appear adequate and meet the expectation of staff. They are retained. Apart from its ability to retain the staff, good leadership system is also capable of motivating work to put in their best in the performance of their efforts are adequately rewarded. Absence of good reward would bring about decline in performance, which will automatically effects the organizational growth in order to get the best out of staff, banks try to motivate their staff in such a way that they are motivated to perform at their best so as to increase the growth of their organization there by entiancing profit. It is in recognition of these facts that we want to examine the leadership and motivation of union bank Plc, using their branch at Aba as a case study to find out if staff are well motivated so as to enable it compete favourably with other financial / institutes / Banking industries in the country and the researchers findings pointed to the fact that leadership and motivation bring about the growth of an organization.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The most important human activities is leadership questions and motivation, ever since people began forming groups to accomplish aims, they could not achieve their aims as individuals. Leadership has been essential to ensure the coordination of individual efforts. A society has come to rely increasingly on group efforts and as many organized group have become large, the task of leaders has been rising in importance.

Leadership we know have no universal definition some leadership scholars have defined it according to their views.

Therefore leadership could be seen as a social influencing process for the attainment of goals. A leader is the most influential person in an organization who provides direction, guides group activities and ensures that group objectives are attained (Nwachukwu, 1999:146) furthermore he saw leadership as a process where one person exerts social influence over the members of a group.

Motivation are those various reason why people work, may be to earn respect among associate to earn salary and wages to acquire prestige and honour. In all these variety of reasons, culture seems to be a determing factor what actual make the between healing and sick organization and the worker. According to Howell and Dipboye (1982) they mostly depends on organization ability to discover sustain and meet the workers need.

Therefore motivation can be seen as what ever thing that makers a person to bring out his or her best.

Management is the process of utilizing resources of a firm that accomplish designated objectives.

1.11 PROFILE OF UNION BANK PLC, ABA

Union Bank of Nigeria Plc was established in 1917 as a colonial Bank with its fist branch in Lagos. In 1925, Bardays Bank acquired the colonial Bank, which resulted in the change of the Bank’s name to Bardays Bank (Dominion colonial and overseas). Following the enactment to be incorporated locally, Barclays Bank (D.C.O) in 1969 was incorporated as Barclays Bank of Nigeria Limited. The ownership structure of Bardays Bank emained un-changed until 1971 when 8.33% of the Banks shares were offered to Nigerians in the same year, the Bank was listed on the Nigerian stock exchange. As a result of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Act of 1972, the federal government of Nigeria acquired 51.67% of the Bank shares, which left Bardays Bank Plc, London with only 40%. By the enactment of the 1972 and 1977 Nigeria Enterprises promotion Acts, Bardays Bank International disposed its share holding to Nigeria in 1979. To reflect the new ownership structure and in compliance the name Union Bank of Nigeria Plc.

Union Bank Group operates an interlocking organizational structure whereby some board members of union Bank of Nigerian Plc act as external directors in subsidiaries and associated companies. This arrangement, ensures effective oversight and participation in the decision making process of these companies thereby safeguarding Read More

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Educational Services › Design And Implementation Of Online Examination (computer Based Test) Cbt by freeprojects(op): 9:18am On Oct 23, 2017

Online Examination (Computer Based Test). source: www.projectng.com

Abstract

Online examinations are an important method of evaluating the success potential of students. This research effort the individuals under consideration were students who would be enrolling in computer courses or Technologies Registrations. A prototype of a web-based placement examination system is described from the standpoint of the research effort, end user, and software development.

An on-line educational system including exam processing and electronic journal features. An instructor builds a course based questions which on-line contain in identification of assignments. Which are compiled into an on-line exam syllabus?

Users enrolled in the platform may access the electronic details they provided and perform various functions with the on-line educational system in order to participate in the on-line examinations. Users can receive an on-line exam, having multimedia content, for the course, and they can electronically provide answers for the exam. And after Completion of their duration of exam they are provided the grade or marks secured in their examinations.

INTRODUCTION:

On-line examinations contents providers to focus on creating effective assessment questions and focusing on exam’s feedback delivery to students. In the paper we present techniques that are pertinent to the elements of assessment process: answers submission, computerized grading, and feedback after submission.

As the modern organizations are automated and computers are working as per the instructions, it becomes essential for the coordination of human beings, commodity and computers in a modern organization.

The administrators, instructor, Students who are attending for online examination can communicate with the system through this projects, thus facilitating effective implementation and monitoring of various activities of Online Examinations like conducting Exams as per scheduled basis and delivering result to that particular use or student. And the details of students who attempted Online Examination are maintained at Read More

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Politics › Women And Nation Building by freeprojects(op): 9:10am On Oct 23, 2017

Women And Nation Building. source www.projectng.com

INTRODUCTION

Since independence, women participation in politics and decision making in Nigeria have been a controversial issue. The 1st republic had only four female legislators in the whole of the country, a negligible number that cannot give women the necessary influence in politics. In that era, the contribution of women in nation building could only be imagined and not felt. The imposition of military rule, an era that followed this period from 1966 did not foster women participation in politics and very little was heard of women in politics and decision making (Samuel and Segun, 2012:7). The participation of women in nation building increased in the 2nd and most particularly in republic. Few women emerged as councilor, one woman, Chief (Mrs.) TitilayoAjanaku, as Chairperson of Abeokuta Local Government Council in Ogun State, two female Deputy Governors, AlhajaSinatuOjikutu and Mrs. Cecilia Ekpenyong in Lagos and Cross River State, respectively. Furthermore, only one woman was elected to the Senate and very few others to the House of Representatives. It is worthy of note that before 1999, the proportion of seats occupied by women in national parliament never exceeded 3.1% and 5% for federal Executive council (Luka, 2012). But these women proved they deserve more opportunities with their stellar performances.

The year 1999 marked the beginning of a new dawn as Nigeria returned to civilian government after the demise of military rule. Women political participation witnessed sharp improvement over previous experience. President Obasanjo who assumed power on May 29th 1999 made a clear departure from the past and appointed 4 out of the 29 senior ministers representing 13.7% and 3 out of the 18 junior ministers representing 16.6%. Furthermore, he appointed 2 women advisors and 2 senior special assistants and 6 special assistants and 1 special assistant to the vice president as well as 8 permanent secretaries (Luka, 2012:29). Women were also appointed as commissioners and were members of the executive councils in all the states (Kalawole et al, 2012:135). It should be noted that while the number of women in political position drastically increased between 1999 and 2011, the positions were mostly appointive rather than elective. From 1999 to 2011, no woman was elected into the office of the president or governor in any of the 36 states. However, In 1999, out of the total seat of 469 (Senate and House of Representatives), there were only 15 women representing 3.19%; this increased to 25 in 2003 representing 5.33%; there was a further increase in 2007 to 34 representing 7.24% and a slight decline in 2011 to 33 representing 7.03%. Although between 2003 and 2007, 4 to 6 women were elected as deputy governors. In spite of these improvements, the representation of women in politics and decision making in Nigeria is still a far cry from the global benchmark of 35% affirmative action. It is against this background that this paper examines "women in Politics and Decision Making in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects".

In Nigeria and the rest of the world, women have over time proven to be valuable assets and contributors to nation building.

In Nigeria, women have shown bright potentials in politics and public leadership, both in democratically elected positions and political appointments. These potentials are also present in their various philanthropic efforts and even in different organizations.

A lot of calls have been made from various quarters for Nigerian women to be given more opportunity to contribute their rather unique inputs to nation building as the few whom have received such rare opportunity have excelled beyond expectations.

In Nigeria, today, almost half of the women work outside the home -both in formal and informal sectors- for pay to augment the family resources. While some women, particularly the rural women, work in the farms/agricultural production, many others in the cities work in the public and private sectors, including government, commercial/trading, industrial, financial and service sectors of the economy, thereby contributing substantially to national development (Falusi, 2011).

Unequivocally, a woman is not, in any way, inferior to a man. Their roles, both in the family and nation-building, are complementary and co-terminus and the one should not be seen as inferior or subservient to the other. This argument could be faulted in the agrarian age when male dominance was largely dependent on their physical abilities that allow them to till the ground and lift heavy objects and equipments, a feat that eludes feminity, but not in this knowledge driven generation where intelligence and initiative reigns Read More

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Educational Services › Mass Communication Project Topic by freeprojects(op): 11:58am On Oct 21, 2017

Mass Communication Project Topic
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Educational Services › Education Project Topic by freeprojects(op): 11:51am On Oct 21, 2017

Educational Services › The Process Of Verification And Valuation Of Assets In An Oil And Gas Company by freeprojects(op): 7:42am On Oct 18, 2017

THE EFFECT OF THE PROCESS OF VERIFICATION AND VALUATION OF ASSETS IN AN OIL AND GAS COMPANY

(A CASE STUDY OF OANDO NIG. PLC KADUNA). source: www.projectng.com

ABSTRACT

This research work is purposely designed in such a manner that it will capture the attention of every individual and groups in the society, which is about asset Valuation in the oil and gas sector: problem and solution in its' proposed chapters. Some necessary efforts, nature of each asset valuation and guidelines governing its implementation were stated as well as units of some meaningful research questions. Which was directly or indirectly stated in chapter one (1) were considered. Chapter two (2) is concerned with necessary literature were valuation concepts and analysis are put in place based on asset valuation term and its problem and solutions; While in chapter three (3) research methodology on assessable ways of studying the concerned population were made and the instrument use in gathering information for the research work and various analytic measure were explored in the same chapter; while in chapter four (4) c simple percentage and tabulation were used this research to arrives at the exact percentage of findings; while in the subsequent/last chapter includes summary of the analysis. Conclusion and recommendations and finally was the bibliography and appendices.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 ARRANGEMENT OF THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the process of verification and valuation of assets in an oil and gas company with particular reference to Oando Nig. Plc Kaduna. The study is organized in five chapters, the first chapter deals on the arrangement of the study, Background of the study, statement of problem, purpose of the study, Research question, Research hypothesis, scope of the study, limitation of the study etc while related literature on the subject mater was reviewed in the second chapter. The third chapter of this project work deals on the research design and methodology, in this chapter data will be sourced through primary and secondary means. The data sourced was analyzed in chapter four and also the hypotheses formulated in chapter were also tested in this part of the research work. The findings, conclusion and recommendations were stated in chapter five.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Adeniyi, (2004) Verification is the method used to prove the authority of the recorded amount of asset. It has to do with balance standing in the books of a company. Valuation, on the other hand, is the method used to as certain the values of assets at the end of the accounting period. The fact that there was an entry has been found the purchase of asset and which 'entry has been to be correctly recorded is not proof that the assets is in possession of the concern at the date of the balance sheet.

It is possible that after the asset has been acquired and the necessary entries made in the books of accounts, that asset might have been disposed off pledged or mortgage but no entry has been made regarding these facts in hence, the objects of verification of assets is the satisfactory by the auditor as to its existence proper valuation, correct ownership, proper valuation, discourse etc on the balance sheet (Donald, 2009).

According to Agbadudu, (2009) in the early of auditing, the prime qualification for the position of an auditor was reputation. A man known for his integrity, objectivity and independence of the mined would be sought for this honoured position, thereby, making matters of technical ability entirely. In the early of auditing, the prime qualification for the position of an auditor was reputation. A man known for his integrity, objectivity and independence of the mined would be sought for this honoured position, thereby, making matters of technical ability entirely secondary. Consequently, his functions were never confused with that of an accountant.

Baridam, (2006) opined that annual report and accounts of companies were often prepared by directors fore the consideration of shareholders, many group of person i.e. stockholder potential investors, trade union Bankers, people who were interested in amalgamation, mergers and take-over. All these people must be sure that the financial statements can be relied upon.

Donald, (2009) is of the view that the accuracy of the financial statement and that of the estimates of the trading results depends almost entirely upon assets. The question here now is that, can the stakeholder and shareholder believe in the reports of directors without verification and valuation of the companies’ assets

These questions led to the appointment of an independents experts, called the "auditor", who will investigate and report on the financial state of the organization. He will carry out verification of all the assets considering the cost, authorization, valuation, existence etc (Donald, 2009).

This verification is the lapses in the company's books of accounts and to ensure conformity with the accounting policies all relevant statement of accounting standards as well as the international accounting statements (Ngagi, 2012).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In view of the inherent problems experienced in valuation of assets which are caused, by various factors such as. Wear and tear even due to instability in change rate, one of the specified researches against the law of the company (Howlard, 2008).

Secondly, is to address the problem of adequately of valuation method to use and to also address the problem adequacy of the company's terms of verifying and valuating of the company's assets, and to confirm the accuracy of genuineness of the balance shown in the books.

Finally, an attempt to find answers to the problem question that will help to proffer a tasting solution on the verification and valuation for management to use in arresting the situation but it is paramount for management to determine the best method to use at Read More

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Educational Services › Design And Construction of Inverter by freeprojects(op): 5:28pm On Oct 17, 2017

Design And Construction Of 1.5 Kva Inverter. source. www.projectng.com

CHAPTER ONE

1.1. INTRODUCTION

Currently almost all the inverters available in the market use the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technology. PWM based inverters are superior in many ways compared to the inverters based on traditional technology. PWM based inverters use MOSFET devices in-its output section. So, these inverters are also known as PWM MOSFET inverter. These PWM MOSFET inverters contain many protection circuits to protect the inverter, inverter battery, load at the inverter output and the user from various fault conditions. Some of the special control/protection circuits used in the PWM MOSFET inverter are:

• Battery charging current sensing circuit

• Battery voltage sensing circuit

• AC mains sensing circuit

• Soft start circuit

• Low battery cut circuit.

· Changeover circuit

• Overload protection circuit o Shutdown section

• PWM section to regulate output supply.

Other than these protection/control circuits, the PWM MOSFET inverters contain the following sections

· Oscillator Section

• Driver ‘Section

• Output Section

• Battery Charging Section

1.2. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

This is a fully automatic PWM technology based inverter, which provides very good performance. PWM or Pulse Width Modulationis mainly used to keep the AC supply output by the inverter to a constant 220V. In an ordinary inverter, the inverter output changes with any change in the value of the load connected at the inverter output. To solve this problem the PWM based inverter correct the output value based on the value of the load connected at the inverter output socket. In the PWM inverter this is done by changing the width of the switching frequency generated by the oscillator. In a PWM based inverter, the AC supply at the inverter output depends on the width of the oscillator frequency generated by the oscillator section.

In this inverter, a small part of the inverter output is given as reference voltage to the PWM controller 1C. Based on this reference voltage, the PWM section will increase "or reduce the width of the oscillation pulse generated by oscillator section. This change in the width will compensate any change in the inverter output, and the inverter output will always stay constant, even if there is any change in the load at the inverter output. When the inverter comes into AC mains mode, from the battery off mode, i.e. When the AC mains return after a power cut, the battery charging does not start immediately. It starts after a delay of about 8-10 seconds. - This is done to protect the MOSFET at the output section. If the charging is started immediacy, when the AC mains return, the MOSFET at the output section will receive high current and could get damaged.

Therefore, to protect the MOSFET at the output, the battery charging is delayed for 8-10 seconds after the AC mains return. This is known as Soft-Start or Mains Delay. This section informs about the availability of the AC main supply to the inverter circuit. When the battery voltage reduces from 12V to 10V, the battery is considered discharged. When the battery becomes discharged, the inverter should be switched off, otherwise the battery will go into Deep Discharge State and the battery life will get reduced.

1.3. AIMS /OBJECTIVES

The primary aims & objective of this work is to design & analyze how this inverter can be constructed & be useful to the society at large & also other objectives is listed below.

1. To design an electrical system capable of producing power from a D.C battery that will produce an output of 500 – 1000 watts, 50Hz–240v which Will be used to drive electrical appliances.

2. This work is also aimed at exposing the student in electrical /electronic engineering to be able to design and build electrical /electronic circuits

3. It will also help the student to understand the basic principles of operation of an inverter circuit and its relevance in the society.

4. The design is also aimed at introducing the principle of circuit analysis

1.4. SIGNIFICANT/RELEVANCE

Inverter works noiselessly. Inverters provided completely automatic switch over function. When the mains supply fails the inverter immediately switches the output to its internal battery and when the mains supply returns the inverter shuts down its operation and provides the mains AC supply-at its output. Inverter does not require any special starting process and the switching of output from mains to inverter and inverter to mains is done automatically. Inverter does not require any special starting process and the switching of output from mains to inverter and inverter to mains is done automatically. Inverter works on battery which works noiselessly without producing any 'smell or other harmful emissions etc. As the inverter is an electrical device it does not require any special maintenance. Only the battery used with the inverter will require some routine service such as topping it with distill water once in 15-20 days.

1.5. SCOPE/LIMITATION

Every design has it scope and limitation. In this study (Pulse Width Modulated inverter) it scope depend on the inverter rating & design which is the capacity. The inverters depend on the direct current from the battery of which if the current in the battery is been exhausted the inverter will stop automatically. How long the power supply of the inverter will last also depend on the battery. The inverter also needs power supply from main power source to be able to charge the battery when its current has been Read More

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Education › Design And Implementation Of A Web Based Voters Registration System by freeprojects(op): 11:05am On Oct 17, 2017

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB BASED VOTERS REGISTRATION SYSTEM
(A CASE STUDY OF INEC). source: www.projectng.com

ABSTRACT

The electoral system in Nigeria have had poor record in electoral process, this have been attributed to the poor registration of voters. The electoral bodies in the past were based on manual registration process, which gave room for electoral fraud mostly in the state level. Also, the state electoral bodies in Nigeria operates under a federal voters register, so the need to develop “a single, uniform, official, centralized, interactive computerized state voter registration list defined, maintained and administered at the state level is required”. This system must be electronically based and implemented and also a sustainable database for storing voters informations. This research work is based on designing and implementing an electronical voting registration system that will aid capturing accurate voter’s information, and store this information on a database.

CHAPTER ONE: WEB BASED VOTERS REGISTRATION

1.0 Introduction

States across the country are increasingly adopting online voter registration to reduce costs, enhance government efficiency, and build more complete and accurate voter lists. This expansion has yielded a diverse and growing collection of best practices and problem-solving strategies for electronic systems and their implementation. This work intends to present a web based voters registration system.

1.1 Background of the Study

The independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) origin can be traced back to the period before independence when the Electoral commission of Nigeria was established to conduct the 1959 elections. The Federal Electoral Commission (FEC), established in 1960 conducted the immediate post-independence federal and regional elections of 1964 and 1965. The electoral body was dissolved after the military coup of 1966. In 1978, the federal electoral commission was constituted by the regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, organizing the elections of 1979 which ushered in the Nigerian second Republic under the leadership of Alhaji Shehu Shagari. It also conducted the general elections of 1983 (David, 2006).

In December 1995, the military Government elections of General Sani Abacha established the Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON) which conducted another set of elections. These elected institutions were not inaugurated before the sudden death of General Abacha on June 1998 aborted the process. The electoral commission of Nigeria (NECON) was in 1998 dissolved by the then Head of State General Abdulsalani Abukakar’s administration who then established the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). INEC organized the transitional elections in 1999 that ushered in the Nigerian fourth Republic

Establishment of state independent Electoral commissions (SIECs) was provided for by the 1999 constitution of the federal Republic of Nigeria, which states in section 197(1) “there shall be established for each state of the federation , the state independent Electoral Commission who composition and power are set out in part II of the third schedule to this constitution”. It is therefore in line with this constitutional provision that the Rivers State House in may 2000, established the Rivers State Independent Electoral Commission (RSIEC) and the commission have successfully conducted two states elections for Local Government Chairman and Councilors elections. On the 27th of November, 2007, the current board of commissioners where appointed by the Governor of Rivers State, Rt. Hon. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi. This present commissioners have Professor Nimi D. Briggs, OON as the chairman and chief electoral commissioner. The commission on the 11th January, 2008 presented their electoral guidelines alone side the code of conduct. According to the Law, section 5 (c) of the RSIEC Law No. 2 of 2001 as amended by RSIEC law No. 6 of 2007 outlined the functions of the commission as follows (Anderson, 2008).

1. To organize, undertake and supervise all elections to Local Government and Councils within the state

2. To render some advice as it may consider necessary to the Independent National Electoral Commission on the compilation of the register of voters.

3. To provide guidelines to political parties stipulating the rules and procedure for electioneering campaigns for Local Government election.

4. To appoint, Train and Assign ad-hoc staff in staff in each polling unit to assist with the taking of the poll.

5. To conduct and supervise all parties primaries and referenda within the state.

6. To ensure that the dates, times and places of public election and referenda are fixed and that they are publicized and that elections are held accordingly within the state.

7. To announce the result of all elections within the state.

1.2 Statement of Problem

Lack of credible voters register has been widely criticized by Nigerians as the curse of electoral lapses in the electoral system. The voters register is been organized by the Independent National Electoral Commission which is the National body. The State Independent Electoral Commission must depend on INEC for their voters register. These denials the state independent electoral commission the opportunity to manage their voters registers. In most cases, states have to wait for INEC to provide the voters register before they can conduct state elections. This constitutes a big problem to conducting a free and fair election at state levels. The register of voters as provided by independent National Electoral Commission was Read More

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Education › Critical Examination Of Safety And Security Concerns In Hospitality Industry by freeprojects(op): 7:53am On Oct 16, 2017

A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF SAFETY AND SECURITY CONCERNS IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

(A STUDY OF NIKE LAKE RESORT ENUGU) source: www.projectng.com
ABSTACT

The hotels have become second home for leisure travelers and second office for business travelers. With rising acts of terrorism on board, the tourists and travelers have become skeptical about security issues within the hotel premises and often safety quotient of the property. The current issue looks into the safety-security issues haunting the thought process of guests and the modern options and approach that hotels have to gain the confidence of their guests.
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Hospitality means providing service to others, as well as demonstrating consistent excellence and quality. It should also mean profitably providing value at any price level, while demonstrating your own unique points of distinction. Most of all, hospitality should be a “place”, where people can still be exceptional individuals and they can extend their own personality and style (Hogan, 2008). The hospitality industry is part of a huge group of companies known as travel and tourism industry, which provides the necessary or desirable goods and services to travelers. The hospitality and tourism industries are the largest and fastest-growing industries in the world (Walker, 2010).

Frequent terrorisms incidents, natural disasters like Asian tsunami, hurricane and forest fire warn hospitality suppliers and buyers to be prepared for just any imaginable crisis. Security is not limited to only a single aspect it is been classified into various types. Even Taylor (2002) stated that safety involves preventing employees and customers within the hotel property from potential death and injury, such as from accidental slips, falls, cuts, burns and so forth, as well as preventing related property damage. To improve safety, many hotel companies have installed electronic locks, fire sprinklers, smoke detectors, and closed circuit televisions (Okumus, 2005).

The security of assets, the safety of the personnel who keep them running, and the well-being of the guests becomes increasingly important as insecurity threat spreads around the globe.

In today’s world of proliferating terrorism and heightened security concerns, security department in the hotel industry are faced with a grim, new reality.

Hotels are increasingly vulnerable to attack by radical groups who use terror as their strategy of choice. Attacks against hotels in the Northern part of Nigeria should provide hoteliers as serious warning that no region is immune and no hotel is completely safe (Natasa 2010). The only way to prevent or reduce insecurity threats is for the security department in the hotels to be alert all the time and play their roles with full responsibilities.

The roles and responsibilities of the security department is to make sure that guest and employees are safe and properties are prevented from damage pro-active safety and security planning is an essential role in their operations. From guests’ and personnels’ safety to facility damage and serious liability issues, hotels face new and difficult challenges that must be addressed today to minimize vulnerability in the face of the unthinkable.

The number of terrorist attacks against hotels throughout the world over the last few years has underscored the need to assess each location and provide security solutions for both facilities and the people who populate them. These security solutions are tools meant for security department that with help facilitate the activities of the security personnel. And the tools are CCTV, walkie-talkie, metal detector device chemical/bomb detectors etc. Every security department in hotel should base on current intelligence and provides a thorough evaluation of the locality, and reliable, practical solutions to close vulnerability gaps, protect assets personnel and guest of hospitality establishment.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Every hotel has a unique profile which means equally unique vulnerabilities. The security department must use the latest intelligence relating to the current strategic and operational threats of insecurity and applies this knowledge to address risks and vulnerabilities. The roles and responsibilities of the security department includes a comprehensive analysis of the risks and vulnerabilities of both the building and the human processes including such issues as facility access procedures, communications emergency response policies, and engaged in existing security training programs.

However the security A department in Nike Lake Resorts Every must understand and acknowledge full responsibility for security and safety of guest employees and properties. This can only be addressed when proper measures are put in place such as manpower development security tool and equipment Read More

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Education › Unemployment Problems And Poor Establishment Of Industries In Aba State by freeprojects(op): 7:42am On Oct 16, 2017

UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS AND POOR ESTABLISHMENT OF INDUSTRIES IN ABA STATE

(A CASE STUDY OF UMUAHIA NORTH L.G.A)

ABSTRACT
Not two long ago, Abia state was under siege as a result of the activities of robbers and kidnappers. Businessmen and other prominent people were either killed or kidnapped. As a result, investors were scared away while construction companies abandoned their equipment on site and field. This began to have a toll on the socio-economic activities of the state.

The level of labour being consumed determines the progress of any given society. This is because it lead to a reduction in crime/criminal act and non-wastage manpower, therefore unemployment becomes a very crucial issue requiring great attention. In Nigeria, this is the same the establishment of industries is very vital for the solving of unemployment problems.

This study is concerned with the problem of unemployment and poor establishment of industries in Umuahia North L.G.A. The study centeres on identifying, the problems of unemployment and how poor establishment of industries has contributed to the increase of unemployment related problems. Find out the problem of unemployment in Umuahia North, to proffer solution to this nagging issue.

The population of the study is 200 and a sample was determined using field random sampling method. It is a survey research and researcher used both secondary and primary source of data to collect relevant data for the study.

The study revealed that unemployment affected ther growth of the economy and the increase rate of unemployment is one of the causes of various crime in Umuahia.

It is therefore recommended that government should create job through the establishment of industries in Umuahia North L.G.A and provide assistance to those wishing to establish industries in the rural areas.

In conclusion, unemployment problems is as a result of poor establishment of industries in Umuahia North L.G.A. of Abia state.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1 INTRODUCTION

To adequately understand the problem that result from unemployment due to poor establishment of industries in Umuahia North Local Government of Abia state, these arose the need for an attempt at defining the term unemployment.

Herby (1974) in his revised and updated Oxford Advanced Dictionary of current English defines the social evil, unemployment as the state of being unemployed and the amount of unused labour.

The global economic depression which stated in the early 1980s has caused a rapid deterioration in Nigeria economy, industries output has become very low and commercial activities were consequently reduced leading to the loss of employment by thousands of Nigerians. Ayo (1998).

This trend was confirmed by the labour force (force survey) conducted by the national manpower board in 1961/1967. this situation has become so bad that the end of 1985, the unemployment situation had reached desperate and alarming proportions (10% - 12%) not only in the urban area while 1974 was limited to the urban centres. The result affected is the increase in different kinds of anti-social activities such as, housing breaking, robbery, drugs and presently kidnapping, Eberinwa (2005).

In an effort to redress the situation and stem the tide of increase anti-social activities arising from youths unemployment, the government in 1o986 introduced (SAP) structural Adjustment Programme for two years. Agbora (2006).

Various development plans the followed suit had it as an objective to effectively solve the problems of unemployment. This has led to the initiation of various agricultural programmes. Banks and industries were in the rural areas to give job to the rural dwellers. Many other programmes and policies here established but were not effective enough as to restructure the economy.

Privatization and commercialization of certain government establishment led to workers being laid off from their job resulting in greater unemployment.

The situation has reduced to various calls by the government for all stakeholders in Nigeria nation of which Abia state is one to help in the establishment of industries that will absolve millions of youths without job which has lead to arm robbery, kidnapping Read More

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