₦airaland Forum

Pls help me out if you know it(with the source)

Pls tell us what you think,

lol

By
A. H. Ekpo & 0. J. Umoh

INTRODUCTION
This article overviews the growth and development of the Nigerian economy from inde pendence to present times. Specifically, the following periods are discussed: the pro-oil boom decade (1960-70); the period of the oil boom (1971 1977); the period of stabilisation and structural adjustment (1986 - 1993) and the period of guided deregulation (1994 -1998).

GENERAL PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY
The Nigerian economy has had a truncated history. In the period 1960-70, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) recorded 3.1 per cent growth annually. During the oil boom era, roughly 1970-78, QDP grew positively by 6.2 per cent annually - a remarkable growth. However, in the 1980s, GDP had negative growth rates. In the period 1988-1997 which con stitutes the period of structural adjustment and eco nomic liberalisation, the QDP responded to economic adjustment policies and grew at a positive rate of 4.0. In the years after independence, indus try and manufacturing sectors had positive growth rates except for the period 1980-1988 where indus try and manufacturing grew negatively by - 3.2 per cent and - 2.9 per cent respectively. The growth of agriculture for the periods 1960-70 and 1970-78 was unsatisfactory. In the early 1960s, the agricul tural sector suffered from low commodity prices while the oil boom contributed to the negative growth of agriculture in the 1970s. The boom in the oil sector lured labour away from the rural sector to urban centres.

The contribution of agriculture to GDP, which was 63 percent in 1960, declined to 34 per cent in 1988, not because the industrial sector increased its share but due to neglect of the agricultural sec tor. It was therefore not surprising that by 1975, the economy had become a net importer of basic food items. The apparent increase in industry and man ufacturing from 1978 to 1988, was due to activities in the mining sub-sector, especially petroleum. Capital formation in the economy has not been satisfactory. Gross domestic investment as a per centage of GDP, which was 16.3 per cent and 22.8 per cent in the periods 1965-73 and 1973-80 respectively, decreased to almost 14 per cent in 1980-88 and increased to 18.2 per cent in 1991 -98. Gross National Saving has been low and consists mostly of public savings especially during the period 1973-80. The current account bal ances before official transfers are negative for 1965-73,1980-88 and 1991-98.

The economy never experienced double-digit inflation during the 1960s. By 1976, however, the inflation rate stood at 23 per cent. It decreased to 11.8 per cent in 1979 and jumped to 41 percent and 72.8 per cent in 1989 and 1995, respectively. By 1998, the inflation rate had, however, reduced to 9.5 per cent from 29.0 per cent in 1996.

Unemployment rates averaged almost 5 per cent for the period 1976-1998. However, the statistics especially on unemployment, must be interpreted with caution. Most job seekers do not use the labour exchanges, apart from the inherent distor tions in the country's labour market. Based on some basic indicators, it appears that the economy performed well during the years immediately after independence and into the oil boom years. However, in the 1980s the economy was in a recession. The on-going economic reform programme is an attempt to put the economy on a recovery path with minimal inflation. The analysis that follows tries to discuss the developments in the economy for different periods.

who is this frosbel of a girl?I need to lead you to christ,sure you are not born again,

More of that

Former Managing Director, World Bank, Minister of Finance
Date of Birth: 13/06/1954
Place of Birth: Ogwashi Uku, Delta State
Married to Dr Ikemba Iweala, 4 children

Education: Harvard University, 1977; PhD, Regional Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States.

Career: Special Assistant to the Senior Vice-President, Operations, World Bank, 1989-91; Director of Institutional Change and Strategy, World Bank, 1995-97; Country Director, Malaysia, Mongolia, Laos and Cambodia, World Bank, 1997-2000; Deputy Vice-President, Middle East Region, World Bank, 2000-03; Minister of Finance and Economy, 2003-06; Minister of Foreign Affairs, June-August 2006; Managing Director, World Bank, 2007 to date.
Commentary: Born in 1954, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala studied economics at Harvard University, then earned a PhD in regional economics and development from MIT in 1981. She joined the World Bank, where she spent 21 years as a development economist. She became intimately familiar with the economies of East Asia, putting in two tours in the region, and acting as country director for Malaysia, Mongolia, Laos and Cambodia.

She is remembered in Nigeria for the new fiscal discipline she brought to the nation's finances. She returned to Nigeria in 2003, at the invitation of President Olesegun Obasanjo. As his Finance Minister, she arranged the cancellation of US$18 billion of Nigeria's debt to the Paris Club, a group of creditor nations, in 2005. The remaining $12 bn. of debt was paid the following year with money saved in budget reforms she enacted.

At the same time, she attacked corruption and accelerated privatisation and liberalisation. She signed Nigeria up to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, a voluntary standard for petroleum and mining industries. On her watch, Nigeria's inflation more than halved. In June 2006, Obasanjo shook up his cabinet, giving Okonjo-Iweala the Foreign Ministry but allowing her to keep an eye on external debt. When this responsibility was taken from her a few months later, she resigned from the government.

Despite rumours that she would run in the 2007 presidential election, she took a job with Moscow-based Renaissance Capital before Robert Zoellick, World Bank President, lured her back to the organisation. From December 2007 to July 2011, she was Managing Director for Africa, South Asia, Europe and Central Asia.

She oversaw a diverse mix of infrastructure and regional integration projects. As financial and food supply concerns grip the globe, the World Bank is preparing aid packages to vulnerable nations. On a recent trip to Delhi, she became Bangladesh's advocate against India's tightening of rice exports.
In July 2011, Okonjo-Iweala resumed her role in Nigeria's cabinet as Finance Minister, leaving her post at World Bank.
More On Ngozi
Dr. Okonjo-Iweala is the Managing Director of the World Bank, responsible for Africa, South Asia, Europe and Central Asia. Until she resumed duties at the Bank in December 2007, she was a Distinguished Fellow of the Brookings Institution, a leading think-tank based Washington DC, USA, She previously held the posts of Minister of Finance and of Foreign Affairs in the Nigerian Government. Prior to her appointment in government, Dr. Okonjo-Iweala pursued a 21-year career as a development economist at the World Bank, where she held the post of Vice President and Corporate Secretary.Dr Okonjo-Iweala was educated at Harvard and has a PhD in Regional Economics and Development from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Okonjo-Iweala has received numerous awards, including an Honorary Doctorate of Laws from Brown University in 2006, European Time Magazine Hero of the Year award in 2004 for her work on economic reform in Nigeria and Euromoney Magazine Global Finance Minister of the year 2005. Dr Okonjo-Iweala is a member of numerous boards and advisory groups, including the Clinton Global Initiative, DATA and the World Resources Institute .She serves as financial adviser to several international investment groups working in emerging markets

One night I had a dream.

I dreamed I was walking along the beach with God. and across the sky flashed scenes from my life. For each scene I noticed two sets of footprints in the sand, one belonged to me, the other to God.

When the last scene of my life flashed before me, I looked back at the footprints in the sand. I noticed that many times along the path of life, there was only one set of footprints.

I also noticed that it happened at the very lowest and saddest times in my life. This really bothered me and I questioned God about it.

"God, you said that once I decided to follow you, you would walk with me all the way, but I noticed that during the most troublesome time in my life there is only one set of footprints. I don't understand why in the times when I needed you most, you would leave me."

God replied. "My precious precious child, I love you and I would never never leave you during your times of trials and suffering. When you see only one set of footprints it was then that I carried you."

Rather than quote various bible texts I thought this time a personal testimony would suffice.

In my own experience it is common for all Christians to have periods in their life where God seems far away. I think this is more true when we are successful and a bit puffed up with our own importance. At times like this I would always tend to rely on my own knowledge and strength and resources.

I made decisions a number of times to uproot my family and move from one town to another chasing promotion in my career. Invariably this caused great stress for both me and my family - buying and selling of houses, changing schools, making new friends, finding a new doctor, new clothes for climatic changes, new equipment for recreational pursuits, getting to know the support infrastructure in the new town/city, the list goes on.

Invariably too would come other problems causing stress. The main one for me was the buying and selling of houses. I was not in a good enough financial position to buy before I sold. It seemed there was always a problem with selling so that I finished up taking a loss on the old house and being behind the eight ball when buying. It usually finished up that I would have been financially better off to have just stayed where I was- even with the promotion. Others that were content to stay in one place have all finished up better off than me, financially secure in a job they can do well and easily. I finished up in a high stress management position and broke.

It was during these times of trouble brought on by my own ambition and maneuvering that God seemed more at a distance. Then I would get into trouble and in desperation seek His assistance. Only when I admitted that I had once again made a mess of things and asked God for help did things fall into place. We would pick up a suitable house at a bargain price and I would vow to never again put us in such a vulnerable position. But I did.

My whole Christian walk seems like a series of events with me heading off on my own and God letting me get into trouble to teach me a lesson and then coming to my aid. I guess you could say that pride, ambition and a lack of humility, combined in my life to create those situations when God seemed far away.

It is important to understand that it is not God that moves away from us, but us that move away from God. When this happens we can rely on Him to chasten us and bring us back. It is uncomfortable being distant from God - but that is just an illusion. It is at these times when He is carrying us - we are just not aware of it at the time.

Always remember it is not what we do that gets us to heaven, it is what Jesus did. He has promised to guide and teach us, chasten us, develop us as Christians (sanctification), and finally to lead us through the gates of the Holy City. Once we are His no one can pluck us from his hand while ever we want to remain there. Call Us For Prayer And Counseling Now 2348062226124

What do you do when God seems far away from you? Here is a little story I rather like.

One night I had a dream.

I dreamed I was walking along the beach with God. and across the sky flashed scenes from my life. For each scene I noticed two sets of footprints in the sand, one belonged to me, the other to God.

When the last scene of my life flashed before me, I looked back at the footprints in the sand. I noticed that many times along the path of life, there was only one set of footprints.

I also noticed that it happened at the very lowest and saddest times in my life. This really bothered me and I questioned God about it.

"God, you said that once I decided to follow you, you would walk with me all the way, but I noticed that during the most troublesome time in my life there is only one set of footprints. I don't understand why in the times when I needed you most, you would leave me."

God replied. "My precious precious child, I love you and I would never never leave you during your times of trials and suffering. When you see only one set of footprints it was then that I carried you."

Rather than quote various bible texts I thought this time a personal testimony would suffice.

In my own experience it is common for all Christians to have periods in their life where God seems far away. I think this is more true when we are successful and a bit puffed up with our own importance. At times like this I would always tend to rely on my own knowledge and strength and resources.

I made decisions a number of times to uproot my family and move from one town to another chasing promotion in my career. Invariably this caused great stress for both me and my family - buying and selling of houses, changing schools, making new friends, finding a new doctor, new clothes for climatic changes, new equipment for recreational pursuits, getting to know the support infrastructure in the new town/city, the list goes on.

Invariably too would come other problems causing stress. The main one for me was the buying and selling of houses. I was not in a good enough financial position to buy before I sold. It seemed there was always a problem with selling so that I finished up taking a loss on the old house and being behind the eight ball when buying. It usually finished up that I would have been financially better off to have just stayed where I was- even with the promotion. Others that were content to stay in one place have all finished up better off than me, financially secure in a job they can do well and easily. I finished up in a high stress management position and broke.

It was during these times of trouble brought on by my own ambition and maneuvering that God seemed more at a distance. Then I would get into trouble and in desperation seek His assistance. Only when I admitted that I had once again made a mess of things and asked God for help did things fall into place. We would pick up a suitable house at a bargain price and I would vow to never again put us in such a vulnerable position. But I did.

My whole Christian walk seems like a series of events with me heading off on my own and God letting me get into trouble to teach me a lesson and then coming to my aid. I guess you could say that pride, ambition and a lack of humility, combined in my life to create those situations when God seemed far away.

It is important to understand that it is not God that moves away from us, but us that move away from God. When this happens we can rely on Him to chasten us and bring us back. It is uncomfortable being distant from God - but that is just an illusion. It is at these times when He is carrying us - we are just not aware of it at the time.

Always remember it is not what we do that gets us to heaven, it is what Jesus did. He has promised to guide and teach us, chasten us, develop us as Christians (sanctification), and finally to lead us through the gates of the Holy City. Once we are His no one can pluck us from his hand while ever we want to remain there.

give you a call now

thanks

The problems you face will either defeat you or develop you---depending on how you respond to them.

Unfortunately, most people fail to see how God wants to use problems for good in their lives. They react foolishly and resent their problems rather than pausing to consider what benefit they might bring.

Here are five ways God wants to use the problems in your life:

1. God uses problems to DIRECT you.

Sometimes God must light a fire under you to get you moving. Problems often point us in a new direction and motivate us to change. Is God trying to get your attention? "Sometimes it takes a painful situation to make us change our ways." Proverbs 20:30
2. God uses problems to INSPECT you.

People are like tea bags, if you want to know what's inside them, just drop them into hot water! Has God tested your faith with a problem. What do problems reveal about you? "When you have many kinds of troubles, you should be full of joy, because you know that these troubles test your faith, and this will give you patience." James 1:2-3

3. God uses problems to CORRECT you.

Some lessons we learn only through pain and failure.

It's likely that as a child your parents told you not to touch a hot stove. But you probably learned by being burned. Sometimes we only learn the value of something, health, money, a relationship, by losing it.

"It was the best thing that could have happened to me, for it taught me to pay attention to your laws." Psalm 119:71-72

4. God uses problems to PROTECT you.

A problem can be a blessing in disguise if it prevents you from being harmed by something more serious. Last year a friend was fired for refusing to do something unethical that his boss had asked him to do. His unemployment was a problem---but it saved him from being convicted and sent to prison a year later when management's actions were eventually discovered. "You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good, " Genesis 50:20

5. God uses problems to PERFECT you.

Problems, when responded to correctly, are character builders. God is far more interested in your character than your comfort.

Your relationship to God and your character are the only two things you're going to take with you into eternity. "We can rejoice when we run into problems, they help us learn to be patient. And patience develops strength of character in us and helps us trust God more each time we use it until finally our hope and faith are strong and steady." Romans 5:3-4

Here's the point: God is at work in your life---even when you do not recognize it or understand it.

But it's much easier and profitable when you cooperate with Him.

"Success can be measured not only in achievements, but in lessons learned, lives touched and moments shared along the way." -Anonymous

When we get to Heaven what could be more wonderful than to be greeted by someone that says "I am so happy to see you, you know I would not be here if it weren't for you." . 2348062226124 for prayer and counseling

Have you ever thought that it’s easier to believe God will work a miracle for someone else than to believe He’ll work one for you?)

A woman wrote me not long ago and shared that she was a well-educated person who had made a large income—until her crack cocaine addiction ruined her life! She said that she “lived with crooks and collected aluminum cans to pay for her habit”! But one day she had a glorious, life-changing experience with God. He totally delivered her from drug addiction; restored her economic status tenfold; and gave her countless opportunities to witness for Christ!

This is a miracle, and your loving heavenly Father wants to give you miracles too! There is no such thing as a “hopeless” situation. Our Father God specializes in “impossible” situations and delights in giving us miracles. All we need to know is how to receive them!

God Sets the Stage for Miracles

Let’s look at II Kings 3 to find out how you can receive your miracle. The story is of two kings: Jehoram, the king of the ten tribes of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of the two tribes in Judah. The ten tribes under Jehoram were very ungodly, but Jehoshaphat served God with all his heart and led his small tribes to do likewise.

Every year, King Jehoram received thousands of sheep and goats from the king of Moab. For 150 years, Moab had paid tribute to Israel—since the time David conquered Moab. Mesha, the then-present king of Moab, decided to stop paying the “tax.”

King Jehoram was deeply concerned over this loss to Israel’s economy. So he asked Jehoshaphat for help. (See II Kings 3:7.) Should Jehoshaphat have been helping an ungodly king fight his battles? Certainly not! Jehoshaphat, in his desire for peace, did not do what God really wanted him to do; he made an ungodly compromise.

Jehoram also made an alliance with the king of Edom, and the three kings prepared to go to war with Moab. (See II Kings 3:9.)

God Has a Miracle for Every Crisis

While on their way to Moab, the army ran out of water and it looked like God was against them. Jehoshaphat said, “…Is there not here a prophet of the LORD, that we may inquire of the LORD by him? And one of the king of Israel’s servants answered and said, Here is Elisha.…And Jehoshaphat said, The word of the LORD is with him. So the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to him” (II Kings 3:11,12).

King Jehoshaphat wanted a word from the Lord. And when you hit a crisis, you need to call on God, too. He alone has a “sure word” of wisdom for your situation.

The three kings went to Elisha, and the prophet spoke to them very bluntly. Elisha said that he wasn’t the least bit interested in the idolatrous Jehoram; but for the sake of Jehoshaphat, Elisha prayed and God answered his prayer. (See II Kings 3:14.)

God Has a Part for You To Play

When you ask the Lord for a miracle, He will usually give you something to do. This is your part to play in the miracle—an opportunity to put your faith into action. The word Elisha gave to the kings required action on their part. (See II Kings 3:16-18.) I have found that God usually asks something practical—our obedience to His command causes the miracles to come. If you say, “I’m too busy to follow God’s lead,” then you’ll miss your miracle. The kings and their armies did as they were told, but nothing happened right away. Watch it—there is a testing time after you do the will of God, before you see your miracle. Their miracle didn’t come on the same day—it came the next morning. (See II Kings 3:20.)

What is God’s timing for your miracle? Jesus purchased every miracle you could ever need 2,000 years ago. All you need to do is ask, “Father, in Jesus’ name, I need my miracle now!” Then do what He tells you to do. Stand in faith during the time of testing and YOU WILL receive your miracle. 2348062226124 for prayer and counseling

1.It will fade away with time.
2.Let us stop exagerating their influence,they are not more than a thousand though trained.
3.They are not stronger than our Nation.
4.Lets be patient with our President.
5.They only tools in the hands of a few politicians,so they will soon be dumped as they achieve their aim or fail.
6.Lets not forget to fast and pray.
7.If you are one of them reading this repent now for judgement is coming soon.
8.The north should know that religion and politics are two different things and should be separated.
9.Illiteracy and poverty in the North should be cured.
10.Add yours here,

Bump

Prayer changes things, let us keep praying

Good

Any one who thinks Nigeria is too bad should try Niger

He is right

Na wetin be this

Lol

Oh i understand how you feel

Source: D'beat Africa

Kate Henshaw-₦67 mil
Genevieve Nnaji-₦64 mil
Ini Edo-₦60 mil
Rita Dominic-₦58 mil
Mercy Johnson-₦55 mil

Pls read carefully and tell us what you think

After they brought me down, I heard the winds
In a lengthy wail, rustling the palm trees,
And steps fading away. So then, my wounds,
And the Cross upon which they nailed me all afternoon and evening
Did not kill me. I listened. The wail
Was crossing the plain between me and the city
Like a rope pulling at a ship
As it sinks to the sea-bed. The dirge
Was like a thread of light between dawn and midnight,
Upon a grieving winter sky. And the city, nursing its feelings, fell asleep.

I was in the beginning, and in the beginning was Poverty.
I died that bread may be eaten in my name; that they plant me in season.
How many lives will I live! For in every furrow of earth
I have become a future, I have become a seed.
I have become a race of men, in every human heart
A drop of my blood, or a little drop.

After they nailed me and I cast my eyes towards the city
I hardly recognised the plain, the wall, the cemetery;
As far as the eye could see, it was something
Like a forest in bloom. Wherever the vision could reach,
there was a cross, a grieving mother
The Lord be sanctified! This is the city about to give birth.

Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, Christ after the Crucifixion

This is a poem of salvation, political and theological, a poem that interweaves, in a apocalyptic voice, the Jesus of the Gospels and the risen Christ triumphant, a Jesus who is lord of the wretched of the earth and a Christ who is lord and healer of nature. It is a poetic gospel in miniature, a vision of Christ in suffering and ultimately in victory.

So: I think it can safely be shown that Islamic culture presents us with what in quantity and quality are the richest images of Jesus in any non-Christian culture. No other world religion known to me has devoted so much loving attention to both the Jesus of history and to the Christ of eternity. This tradition is one that we need to highlight in these dangerous, narrow-minded days. The moral of the story seems quite clear: that one religion will often act as the hinterland of another, will lean upon another to complement its own witness. There can be no more salient example of this interdependence than the case of Islam and Jesus Christ. And for the Christian in particular, a love of Jesus may also mean, I think, an interest in how and why he was loved and cherished by another religion.