In The Name of Advocating for Justice and Equality – Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor and the Biafra Movement

https://newsonview.com/in-the-name-of-advocating-for-justice-and-equality-alphonsus-uche-okafor-mefor-and-the-biafra-movement/

When faced with prejudice, oppression, and systemic injustice, people and groups often band together to fight for significant improvements. The Igbo-Biafra Nationalists Movement, spearheaded by Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor, is a prime example of this kind of tenacity and dedication. Its goal is to defend the Igbo people’s right to vote on their own territory in Nigeria. This movement seeks to solve the economic inequality, political marginalization, and human rights violations that the Igbo community—primarily in the South East region—is facing. Its roots are in both historical and contemporary complaints.

Okafor-Mefor’s career as a pro-Biafran activist began with his participation in groups like the Biafra Actualization Forum and the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB). Due to his early years spent in Abatete, Nigeria, he became deeply committed to promoting the Igbo-Biafra people’s right to exercise their right to self-determination. Through his activism, he has relentlessly advocated for the restoration of an independent Biafran state, drawing on his educational background in linguistics, Security, international law, and human rights. He has accomplished this by utilizing his familiarity with these topics.

One of the focal turning points in Okafor-Mefor’s activism arose when he and Nnamdi Kanu formed an alliance to create the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) as an organisation late in 2012. Even though Okafor-Mefor ultimately withdrew from his position as Deputy Leader of the IPOB in the middle of internal strife in late 2020, he maintained his advocacy through the Igbo-Biafra Nationalist Movement and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination.

The historical impetus of the Biafra movement originates from the Nigerian Civil War that took place between 1967 and 1970. During this conflict, the state of Biafra endeavored to achieve independence from Nigeria. The terrible struggle brought to light the structural inequity and systemic oppression that the Igbo nation is subjected to, which in turn fueled their aspiration for self-determination. The ongoing struggle for Igbo-Biafra self-determination is being driven by the fact that, despite the conclusion of the conflict, problems of political marginalization and economic neglect continued to present themselves.

When it comes to activism, Okafor-Mefor places a significant emphasis on the advancement of human rights and fundamental freedoms, democracy, and social justice. Unlawful actions, such as the aggressive execution of sit-at-home directives in the Southeast, are condemned, and he advocates for peaceful protest and discourse as an alternative. Additionally, the movement emphasizes the significance of international action and lobbying, and it urges institutions such as the United Nations to provide assistance to the Igbo people in their pursuit of self-determination from the Nigerian state.

On the other hand, the Biafra movement finds itself confronted with a multitude of obstacles, including opposition from political figures, financial limits, and internal strife. In spite of these challenges, Okafor-Mefor and his allies continue to maintain their unwavering conviction that the establishment of an independent Igbo nation-state is practicable as a last resort if the injustices against the South-East region remain unresolved. They have a vision of a future in which the Igbo people will be able to rule themselves, flourish economically, and protect their cultural legacy without being subjected to discrimination or marginalization.

Adding another layer of intricacy to Okafor-Mefor’s advocacy is the fact that he is a pro-Biafra campaigner who is both British and Nigerian. It is from his experiences that he has gained a grasp of the issues that the Igbo-Biafra movement is currently confronting. Despite everything that has happened, he has not wavered in his commitment to furthering the cause of justice and equality for the Igbo people, both within Nigeria and on the international stage.

To summarize, Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor and the Igbo-Biafra movement are a ray of light that offers the South-East region (the Igbo-Biafran population) in Nigeria a glimmer of hope. Others are motivated to join the struggle for a better future as a result of their unrelenting support for self-determination, which is founded on the principles of fairness and equality. It is a credit to the lasting spirit of the Igbo-Biafra people that they continue to struggle for genuine changes and worldwide recognition. Their resilience and persistence stand as a testament to this spirit.

https://spacecoastdaily.co.uk/2024/05/03/alphonsus-uche-okafor-mefor-and-the-biafra-movement-advocating-for-igbo-self-determination/

When unjust elements like Discrimination, oppression, and unfairness are widely spread in a community it eventually encourages individuals and organizations to come together and push for significant reforms; the basic desire for justice, equality, and social change gives rise to human activity and allied movements. Human activism aims to tackle the underlying causes of societal issues and foster constructive transformation, drawing inspiration from past injustices, institutionalized prejudice, or current struggles. It frequently appears in reaction to environmental deterioration, political repression, or human rights violations. Human activists work to make the world a fairer, caring, and just place for everyone by means of grassroots organizing, advocacy, and group activities.

The Igbo-Biafra Nationalists, under the leadership of the well-known person Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor, have become a significant voice in support of the Igbo people’s right to self-determination in Nigeria in recent years. Their movement, which has its roots in both historical grievances and current issues, aims to solve the long-standing problems of economic inequality, political marginalization, and violations of human rights that the Igbo community, especially in the South East, faces.


Leading role in the Biafra movement Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor personifies the spirit of tenacity and resolve in his support of the Igbo people’s right to self-determination. His steadfast dedication to justice and equality is demonstrated by his leadership within the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation and the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists Movement. Alphonsus is in charge of addressing the systemic prejudice, historical injustices, and political marginalization that the Igbo community has experienced. He mobilizes support for the establishment of an autonomous Igbo nation-state known as Alaigbo by amplifying the voices of the oppressed and mobilizing at the grassroots level through policy declarations, advocacy campaigns, and mobilization. The optimism and activity that Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor ‘s vision inspires are directed toward a brighter future.

The fight for Igbo self-determination began during the 1967–1970 Nigerian Civil War, when the state of Biafra, which was seeking independence from Nigeria, fought for its own freedom. The Igbo community was deeply affected by the war, which was characterized by extensive brutality and suffering and brought to light the structural inequality they experienced inside the Nigerian state. The Igbo people’s demands for self-determination were fueled by the ongoing problems of political marginalization and economic neglect, which continued even after the war ended in 1970.


In policy declarations, Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor and the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists have denounced the unlawful, forceful, violent implementation of sit-at-home directives in the Southeast. Although they recognize the need for nonviolent protest, they fiercely reject any kind of aggressive law enforcement and demand the safety of the general public as well as the prosecution of those who use violence.

In addition, they support the South-East and the Igbo-Biafra region’s right to self-determination and, if needed, secession from Nigeria. They highlight systemic discrimination, systematic human rights violations, political marginalization, neglect of state allocations, and a lack of infrastructure development to support the validity of the South-east’s claim for (remedial) secession under international law.

The Igbo-Biafra Nationalists encounter various obstacles in their pursuit of self-governance, such as political opposition, financial limitations, and internal discord within the Igbo populace. Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor and his allies, however, are unwavering in their belief that an independent Igbo nation-state built on the values of social justice, democracy, and human rights is possible, and especially if the deliberate, systematic human rights violations and other injustices being perpetrated by the Nigerian state against the South-East region (Igbo-Biafrans) remain unresolved. In their ideal future, the Igbo people will be able to rule themselves, grow economically, and maintain their cultural legacy without worrying about prejudice or marginalization. The creation of strong institutions that defend human rights preserve the rule of law, and encourage inclusive development for all societal members is essential to realizing this objective.


By making appeals to institutions like the United Nations, the African Union, and the European Union, Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor, and the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists have aggressively pursued worldwide recognition and support for their cause. They stress the significance of drawing attention to the Igbo people’s situation on a worldwide scale and call for decisive steps to resolve their desires for independence through a referendum overseen by the UN.

They also demand that the international media draw attention to the injustices that the Igbo-Biafran people endure and give them more prominence on the international scene. Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor wants to put further pressure on the Nigerian government to hold substantive talks and resolve the justifiable complaints of the Igbo people by gaining backing from other countries.

In a nutshell, it is concluded that a burgeoning movement supporting Igbo self-determination and the creation of additional state(s) in the South-East region, the establishment of an autonomous regional or confederal relationship in the first place or as a last resort, an independent Igbo nation-state is represented by Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor and the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists. Their vision, rooted in historical grievances and current issues, combines social justice, democracy, and human rights with the goal of securing a brighter future for the Igbo people, either as an autonomous group inside Nigeria or as an independent nation-state outside Nigeria. Their perseverance and tenacity in the face of hardship bear witness to the Igbo’s resilient character as they carry on with their struggle.

RELATED TOPICS:OKAFOR-MEFOR

ANY IGBOMAN OR GROUP FROM THE SOUTH-EAST CONTEMPLATING TO BEG THE ABOMINABLE FULANI RACE OVER THE GENOCIDE AND POGROM UNLEASHED ON THE IGBOS IN THE 1960'S MUST BE SUFFERING FROM COLLECTIVE AMNESIA

The attention of the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination has been drawn to purported shameful plan by some unscrupulous individuals from the South-East-----yes--- a troubling suggestion emanating from some quarters within the South-Eastern region of Nigeria, contemplating the notion of extending an olive branch to the marauding Fulani community, seeking forgiveness for the events surrounding the military coup of 1966. Such contemplation, however, must be met with resounding condemnation and a vehement refusal to tow such an ignoble, abominable path to destruction.

The Igbo-Biafra Nationalists and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination categorically denounce any such suggestion or plan, whether genuine, perceived, or manipulated, of extending apologies to the criminal Fulani community. This proposed action, if indeed genuine, represents a betrayal of the memory of the abominable atrocities committed against the Igbo race throughout the various chequered history of Nigeria's bumbling political development.

It is imperative to remind these misguided and discredited individuals or groups who are obviously not in sync with or at best have short memories of history of the abominable, sad episodes of Fulani government orchestrated genocide against the Igbos that the onus of apology lies squarely on the shoulders of the Fulani community for their complicity in orchestrating genocide and perpetrating heinous crimes against the Igbo race. To entertain the idea of soliciting forgiveness from the very perpetrators of such atrocities is not only absurd but also height of collective amnesia.

The Igbo people have endured untold suffering and injustice at the hands of marauding Fulani criminal gangs. Rather than bowing to pressure and seeking reconciliation with those who have inflicted immeasurable pain upon our race, we must demand accountability and justice for the crimes committed against us.

Furthermore, the unity of Nigeria should no longer be predicated on the sacrifice of the Igbo interests for the undeserved benefit of the ungrateful ethnic nationalities in Nigeria. It is high time that the South-Eastern region asserts its autonomy and pursues its future, whether within the confines of Nigeria or independently without Nigeria.

Finally, let it be known that the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination stand firm in their resolve to uphold the dignity and rights of Igbo-Biafran people. We shall not commit nor succumb to the pressures of reconciliation at the expense of justice and accountability.

Uche Mefor is the Convenor of the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination

WHO IS UCHE MEFOR PART 2
Uche Mefor is a Nigerian-British political activist who is closely linked to the Biafran independence movement. Notably, he held the position of deputy leader within the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), an organisation that espoused the cause of Biafra's secession from Nigeria. Mefor initially collaborated closely with the leader of IPOB, Nnamdi Kanu, but subsequently severed ties with the group. After his departure from IPOB, Uche Mefor criticized some of the approaches and strategies of IPOB under Nnamdi Kanu's leadership. He has since been involved in other pro-Biafra advocacy activities, emphasizing a somewhat different approach to the Biafran independence movement. His departure highlighted the internal disagreements and differing visions within the broader pro-Biafra movement regarding strategies and leadership.

Since parting ways with IPOB, Uche Mefor has remained actively engaged in the pursuit of Biafran independence through various channels. He has consistently emphasised the importance of a diplomatic and inclusive approach to the Biafra struggle. Mefor promotes the use of dialogue and a legal approach to achieve the movement's objectives, which is in contrast to the more confrontational methods occasionally utilised under Nnamdi Kanu's guidance. Mefor has also been actively engaged in establishing his own faction or group, aiming to advocate for an alternative viewpoint within the wider Biafran movement. This group seeks to foster collaboration with other organisations and entities that share the common objective of achieving Biafran independence, even if they may have varying approaches and tactics.

The way he presents his ideas and the actions he takes shed light on the intricate and varied range of opinions within the Biafran independence movement. This demonstrates the difficulties of bringing together different factions with unique ideologies and strategies, all working towards the shared objective of Biafran sovereignty.

Uche Mefor's activities and public statements consistently emphasise the importance of a well-organized and peaceful approach to the Biafran cause. He highlights the significance of upholding international laws and norms, advocating for the rights of the Igbo people through recognised legal and diplomatic channels. Mefor's strategy involves actively participating in international organisations, spreading global awareness about the Biafran cause, and garnering support from sympathetic foreign governments and organisations that advocate for self-determination movements. He has expressed concerns about the perceived authoritarian tendencies within IPOB under Kanu's leadership, and has advocated for a more democratic and inclusive movement that values differing opinions and strategies within the pro-Biafra community. This position has established him as a prominent figure for individuals in the movement who are looking for a balanced and potentially more enduring approach to accomplishing their goals. Even after his departure from IPOB, Mefor continues to play a significant role in the Biafran independence movement, highlighting the ongoing discussions and changes in approaches within the advocates of Biafra. His contributions have had a lasting impact on the ongoing conversations surrounding the future of the movement and the most effective strategies for attaining the desired political and cultural autonomy for the Igbo people.

Uche Mefor's thoughtful approach to the Biafran independence movement mirrors a wider pattern seen in separatist and nationalist movements worldwide. These movements frequently experience internal divisions, resulting in the emergence of distinct factions with diverse ideologies and strategies. Following his separation from IPOB, Mefor has dedicated his efforts to establishing and guiding his own organisation called the Biafra Human Rights and Freedom Radio (BHFR), the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for self-determination. These platforms are committed to advocating for Biafran independence, while also emphasising the importance of human rights and democratic principles within the movement.

Key Aspects of Uche Mefor's Approach:

1. Advocacy through Media: Mefor utilises various media platforms, including the Biafra Human Rights and Freedom Radio, the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists, and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-determination, to communicate information and to rally support for Biafra. He utilises these platforms to engage in thoughtful discussions about topics that impact the Igbo community, offer constructive criticism of the Nigerian government's policies, and advocate for a peaceful approach towards attaining independence.

2. Legal and Diplomatic Channels: In contrast to the more radical elements within IPOB that sometimes resort to fruitless, directionless confrontational methods, Mefor promotes the employment of legal frameworks and international diplomacy. He is convinced that by constructing a compelling argument for Biafra's independence using international law and garnering backing from global institutions and governments, the movement can gain greater legitimacy and recognition.

3. Inclusivity and Democratic Values: Mefor highlights the significance of fostering inclusivity within the Biafran movement. He raises concerns about what he sees as autocratic tendencies in IPOB's leadership, promoting instead a movement that embraces diverse perspectives and democratic decision-making processes. This approach seeks to bring together different Igbo groups and individuals who may have felt excluded by IPOB's prevailing strategies.

4. Engagement with International Communities: Mefor aims to gain international sympathy and support by connecting the Biafran struggle with global human rights concerns. He actively connects with diaspora communities and international human rights organisations to raise awareness and gain support for Biafra.

5. Critique of Nigerian Governance: Mefor's rhetoric heavily focuses on analysing the Nigerian government's approach to addressing the concerns of the Igbo people. He discusses various issues including political marginalisation, economic disenfranchisement, and human rights abuses, making a case for Biafran independence.

Challenges and Impact:

Mefor's approach, although less confrontational, encounters difficulties in terms of rallying the same level of grassroots support that more radical factions might evoke. Nevertheless, his approach has the potential to pave the way for more sustainable and globally acknowledged routes to autonomy or independence. His influence can be observed in the manner he has influenced discussions regarding Biafra, highlighting the significance of human rights and democratic procedures within movements seeking separation. His work has a lasting impact on both his supporters and detractors, fueling the ongoing discussion about the future of the Igbo people and their aspirations for Biafra.

https://magazinelivenews.com/the-quest-for-igbo-biafra-self-determination-a-historical-imperative/

Activism has long been an integral part of societal progress, serving as a catalyst for change and a voice for the marginalized. In the legitimate hunt for self-determination, activists contribute a fundamental role in advocating for the rights and aspirations of their communities. Alphonsus Uche Okafor-Mefor, a British-Nigerian pro-Biafra activist, demonstrates this commitment to advancing the cause of the Igbo-Biafra people.

Born in Abatete, Nigeria, on April 10, 1972, to Mr. and Mrs. Alphonsus Mbadikaanyi Okafor-Mefor, Uche Mefor has devoted his life to promoting the Igbo-Biafra people’s right to self-determination. His membership in groups like the Biafra Actualization Forum and the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), where he fervently advocated for the restoration of an independent state of Biafra, marked the beginning of his activism.

The Nigerian Igbo people are currently at a turning point in their struggle for independence and self-determination. There are many obstacles in the way of realizing the dream of restoring the Biafra of 1967–1970, which included the Igbo, Ijaw, Efik, Ibibio, and Anang, among other ethnic groups. The demand for each group to seek its own self-determination has gained traction due to some former Biafra members’ unwillingness to cooperate in this restoration.



Alongside Nnamdi Kanu, Mefor co-founded the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in 2012, and he held the position of Deputy Leader within the group. Nevertheless, his commitment to the Biafran cause goes beyond his position within IPOB. In addition, Mefor is the founder and convenor of the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination and the Igbo-Biafra Nationalist Movement, both of which he founded and continues to support the Igbo nation-state’s independence. This article explores the legal rationale, historical background, and current issues related to the Igbo-Biafra self-determination movement.

In Igbo-Biafra self-determination, the historical claim to independence serves as the cornerstone. With a unique cultural, linguistic, and historical identity that predates colonial bounds, the Igbo people proudly proclaim their right to self-determination. Secession demands for corrective secession under international law originated from egregious human rights crimes committed against the Igbo people during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970). Self-determination is made much more compelling by the neglect of systemic discrimination and underrepresentation in politics.

Even though it acknowledged Nigeria’s democratic system, the 1970 Biafra Surrender Instrument required the approval of the Nigerian people for any adjustments to the constitution in the future. However, later arbitrary constitutional changes that damaged the surrender agreement’s integrity and betrayed this trust included changing the legislative representation and the states’ allocation of power.

The current geopolitical landscape of Nigeria reveals a disparity in the allocation of senators and representatives among its six zones. The South-East, including five states, confronts underrepresentation in both the Senate and the House of Representatives compared to other zones. This structural disparity exacerbates the concerns of the Igbo-Biafra self-determination movement, underlining the necessity for equitable political representation.

The enforcement of sit-at-home orders in the South-East region has sparked controversy, with criminal elements resorting to violence against civilians. While acknowledging the legitimacy of peaceful protest, the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists Movement condemns any forced enforcement of sit-at-home orders. Emphasizing the importance of protecting individual rights and promoting dialogue over coercion, the movement calls for accountability and diplomatic intervention to address the underlying issues.

In the pursuit of Igbo-Biafra self-determination, it is imperative to uphold principles of justice, democracy, and human rights. The Igbo-Biafra Nationalists Movement advocates for legitimate self-defense, self-determination, the rule of law, religious freedom, democracy, sustainable development, and human rights. By reaffirming these principles, the movement seeks to advance a peaceful and sustainable path towards the realization of Igbo-Biafra self-determination.

Moreover, Okafor-Mefor underscores the significance of international intervention and advocacy in amplifying the Igbo-Biafra struggle for justice and equality. He emphasizes the importance of leveraging diplomatic channels and engaging with international bodies such as the African Commission and the United Nations to garner support and pressure the Nigerian government into addressing the grievances of the Igbo people. Okafor-Mefor reaffirms the resilience and determination of the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists in pursuing a peaceful and legal path towards securing the rights and freedoms of the Igbo community, while also highlighting the critical role of international solidarity in advancing the cause of justice and self-determination for oppressed peoples worldwide.

Finally, the quest for Igbo-Biafra self-determination is a historical imperative that stems from the struggle for freedom, equality, and justice. As the movement faces new challenges and advocates for its principles, strong leaders like Mefor facilitate relentless efforts, keeping the firm steadfast in its dedication to the emancipation of the Igbo nation-state. The revised map of the First Republic of Biafra represents not only territorial limits but also the aspirations of a people determined to define their own destiny.

Tribune Online
Igbo-Biafra Nationalists commend moves to address South East marginalisation
by Johnkenndy Uzoma March 28, 2024
Igbo-Biafra Nationalists commend moves to address South East marginalisation

The Igbo-Biafra Nationalists have extolled moves by Igbo political stakeholders to address De-marginalisation of South-East Zone and integration into national politics.

The convener of the group, Mazi Uche Mefor, stated this in a statement issued in Owerri on Thursday in his reaction to the colloquium organised by Igbo political stakeholders held at Anambra state, last week.

According to Mazi Mefor, “Professor Charles Okechukwu Esimone, at a colloquium themed ‘De-marginalisation of South-East Zone and Integration into National Politics,’ which was hosted in Nnewi, Anambra State, on Friday and attended by Igbo political stakeholders of the All Progressives Congress (APC), made a case for the South-East adopting the initiative and proposal of the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination on creating additional state(s) for the South-East as a plausible solution to the longstanding issues of marginalization of Ndigbo in Nigeria.

As advocates for the equitable treatment of the South-East region within Nigeria, it is incumbent upon us to not only challenge marginalization by the Nigerian state but also to hold our own leaders accountable for the welfare of our people. In line with our dedication to sustainable development, we, the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists and the Indigenous People of the Igbo Nation for Self-Determination, are committed to scrutinizing the allocation and utilization of resources by the governors of the South-East states, as well as the representatives at the federal level.

At the heart of our mission lies a fervent desire to ensure that every penny allocated to the South-East region is utilized judiciously to uplift the lives of the ordinary masses. We recognize the critical role played by revenue allocation and constituency allowances in driving socio-economic development. Therefore, we demand transparency and accountability from our elected officials to guarantee that these resources are deployed for the betterment of our communities.

The Federal Account Allocation Committee (FAAC) distributes federal revenue monthly to all states and local governments across Nigeria. This funding serves as the lifeblood for development initiatives and essential services. However, its impact can only be fully realized through responsible stewardship by our state governments.

Our focus extends beyond mere financial oversight. We advocate for the provision of essential social amenities, the prompt payment of salaries to civil servants, the completion of infrastructure projects, and the prioritization of pensioners' welfare. These are not luxuries but fundamental rights that every citizen deserves.

It is imperative for South-Easterners to look inward and take proactive measures to address any lapses in governance that may hinder our collective progress. We must hold our leaders accountable for their actions and demand tangible results that reflect the aspirations of our people.

As we embark on this journey towards accountability and development, we call upon all stakeholders – from government officials to civil society organizations and the general public – to join hands in fostering a brighter future for the South-East region. Together, we can build a more prosperous and inclusive society where every individual can thrive and fulfil their potential.

Let us stand united in our pursuit of justice, transparency, and sustainable development for the South-East. The time for action is now, and our collective voice will be the catalyst for positive change.

Uche Mefor is the Convenor of the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-determination

IT IS TIME FOR THE MAP OF THE FIRST BIAFRA REPUBLIC TO BE REDRAWN----IT IS TIME FOR IGBO BIAFRA, SOUTH-EAST SELF-DETERMINATION FOR THE REALISATION AND EMANCIPATION OF THE IGBO NATION-STATE WHENEVER POSSIBLE AND IF THE ISSUES OF INJUSTICE AND MARGINALIZATION REMAIN UNRESOLVED

After reviewing the spate of gang-ups against Ndi-Igbo by the rest of Nigeria in recent times, and more importantly, after efforts to get all the former components Nations of Biafra to jointly put hands together to restore the Biafra of 1967-1970-----and most of them are unwilling and presented the images of unwilling partners-----it the conclusion of Igbo-Biafra Nationalists Movement and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination that the best way forward is for each of them to go about their separate quest for self-determination. Let Ijaw Biafrans, Efik Biafrans, Ibibio Biafrans, Anang Biafrans, Igbo Biafrans etc, go and aspire for or pursue their own self-determination (whether internal self-determination or external self-determination).

To be realistic, it is time for the map of the first Republic Biafra to be redrawn----it is time for Igbo Biafra self-determination. Our homeland remains the territory of the present South-East states in Nigeria. While it is a verifiable fact that there were Igbo communities uprooted and against their will, made to be part other territories in the South-South and the Middlebelt as a result the obnoxious delineation and illegal gerrymandering of boundaries occasioned by the questionable state creation, it is for these these Igbo communities to decide in a plebiscite or referendum when the time is ripe on whether they will join their Igbo kith and kin in the homeland.

It is time for Igbo Biafra Nationalism/Igbo Biafra self-determination for the emancipation of Igbo Nation-State. If the Igbo Biafrans must make progress, there is no need imposing the Biafra ideology on an unwilling partners. If there is need for alliance in the future, then let it be the "alliance of the willing". The igbo Biafrans must focus on self preservation, and internal coherence while looking outwards.

Uche Mefor is the convenor of the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists Movement and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-Determination

The Igbo-Biafra Nationalist Movement and the Indigenous People of Igbo Nation for Self-determination make a case for the Igbo-Biafra zone/region’s (South-East region) right or justification for a possible (remedial) secession from Nigeria in the face of unresolved injustice against the South-Easterners which is elaborated upon in the following key points:

1. Historical Claim to Independence: International law concerning secession and independence places considerable emphasis on the notion of historical claim. Originating from its unique cultural, linguistic, and historical identity that predates colonial borders, the Igbo-Biafra region asserts a historical claim to independence. This sense of distinct identity, which the arbitrary delineation of borders has further strengthened during the colonial era, serves as a foundation for advocating the right to self-determination, which may even encompass a demand for independence under extreme conditions.
Put differently, the Igbo-Biafra Nationalists argue for a redefinition of the Igbo people’s political status, whether it be through outright secession or through significant constitutional reforms that would afford South-East zone or region (Igbo-Biafrans) greater autonomy and self-governance.

2. Gross Human Rights Violations: The Igbo-Biafra Nationalists argue that Nigeria has systematically violated the human rights of the Igbo population. Documented cases of discrimination, violence, and marginalisation against the South-East, predominantly Igbo communities provide a basis for their assertion. International law increasingly recognises the right of groups to secession (if they are willing and able to do so) in situations of extreme oppression and gross human rights violations. The case of the Biafran people, particularly during the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), is often cited as an instance of severe human rights abuses, including alleged genocidal acts against the Igbo people. If such violations continue or remain unresolved as it is presently in Nigeria (albeit in a subtle but more systematic application of the structural apartheid system), short-changing the South-East with fewer states (5 states for the South-East zone as against 6 and 7 states for other zones or regions); and in other forms of state-sponsored discriminatory policies against the South-East, they inevitably form a basis for secession under the principle of remedial secession(as alluded obiter to by ICJ in the Kosovo case, made reference to by the African Commission in the case of Katanga vs Zaire, and the UK supreme court in the case of the Scottish National Party on Scottish independence) when the state (in this case, Nigeria) fails to protect a section its citizens(the South-East in this instance) or is the perpetrator of such violations.

3. Discrimination and Lack of Representation: The principle of self-determination is a fundamental concept in international law, frequently associated with safeguarding the rights of minority groups. The purported and persistent discrimination and inadequate representation of the people from the South-East, specifically the Igbo-Biafrans, within the Nigerian government framework is a breach of this principle. In international relations, if a specific group experiences ongoing denial of political representation and discrimination, they may have a valid reason to seek secession as a remedy, particularly if they have already used all available domestic political means to address their grievances. An essential aspect of the argument is the persistent discrimination and inadequate representation of the Biafrans by the Nigerian government. The absence of adequate representation, along with entrenched discriminatory practices, intensifies the argument that Igbo-Biafra possesses a valid justification to pursue self-governance.

4. 2014 National Conference and Structural Imbalance: The participation of the South-East in the 2014 National Conference and the subsequent neglect of its outcomes by the Nigerian government is evidence of the Nigerian state’s unwillingness to address the structural imbalances and grievances of the South-East region. The allocation of fewer states to the South-East compared to other regions is a direct perpetuation of inequality and marginalisation against the South-East. The refusal to implement the decisions of the National Conference as a potential path to redress these imbalances is a failure of the Nigerian state to ensure equal rights and representation, thereby undermining the legitimacy of its claim to territorial integrity. Put differently, the South-East’s involvement in the 2014 National Conference and the subsequent disregard of its outcomes by the Nigerian government highlight a perceived institutional unwillingness to address the imbalances and grievances of the Biafran region. This strengthens the argument that internal political remedies have been exhausted, necessitating secession as a last resort if the South-East can and is willing to do so.

5. Protection from Human Rights Abuses: The Nigerian security forces in the South-East are engaging in deliberate and entrenched human rights violations that are discriminatory in nature. These violations are carried out with the specific aim of ethnic cleansing, primarily targeting the young Igbo population. It is worth noting that these actions are more focused on suppressing self-determination activists rather than addressing terrorist activities, which sets them apart from similar actions taken in other regions. The desire to escape the repetitive cycle of human rights violations caused by the Nigerian government’s use of military force in response to protests or movements in the South-East (Igbo-Biafra zone or region) is the primary motivation behind the push for self-determination in the region. The objective is to establish a governance system that truly respects both individual and collective rights.

6. Rejection of the Ohaneze Ndigbo Petition: The Nigerian government’s rejection of the Ohaneze Ndigbo’s petition to the Oputa Panel, which sought to resolve historical complaints, highlights a broader trend of disregarding the concerns of the Biafran people. The state’s denial represents an unwillingness to actively pursue meaningful reconciliation and effectively address the underlying causes of the conflict.

7. Violation of Terms of Surrender: The modification of Nigeria’s administrative and political systems without the consensus outlined in the 1970 instrument of surrender is a violation of an agreement that was crucial to the Biafrans’ choice to end hostilities and rejoin Nigeria. This breach has the potential to directly undermine the legitimacy of Nigeria’s administration over the region. Specifically, the Nigerian government violated the terms specified in the surrender agreement of the Biafrans in 1970, which mandated that both parties agree upon any changes to the Nigerian system. Sir Louis Mbanefo, the former Chief Justice of Biafra, was adamant about incorporating clause ‘C’ into the surrender agreement. This clause recognised Nigeria's existing administrative and political structure, comprising 12 states. It also stipulated that representatives elected by the Nigerian populace would decide any future constitutional changes. In 1976, General Murtala Mohammed and General Olusegun Obasanjo individually increased the total number of states to 19. General Babangida contributed to the quantity, and General Abacha subsequently raised it to 36(Offodile,2016).

8. Sui Generis Case of Systematic Discrimination: The South-East Igbo-Biafra case is unique (sui generis) due to the entrenched and systematic nature of discrimination and marginalisation by the Nigerian state. The deliberate, intentional, consistent policies that seemingly target the South Easterners for unequal treatment is state-sponsored apartheid, exceeding the threshold of oppression and thereby justifying secession as a remedial measure if the South-East Igbo-Biafrans are willing and able to do so. The brutal Nigerian military oppressions often being carried out and targeted at the self-determination groups and especially the youths who represent the future and the hope in the South-East zone or region (Igbo-Biafra region) constitute ethnic cleansing and are genocidal with the sole intention and purpose to depopulate South-East and gradually exterminate the Igbo population. On the contrary, the security exercise of the security forces in other regions is carried out to combat general criminal activities and terrorism, in which the perpetrators are often treated humanely and rehabilitated.
More insight:

The South-East, predominantly inhabited by the Igbo people, qualifies as a distinct "people" for the purposes of self-determination. The notion of "peoplehood" encompasses shared historical, cultural, and ethnic characteristics that distinguish one group from another. The Igbo people, with their unique language, cultural practices, and historical experiences, undoubtedly fulfill this criterion.

The Igbo-Biafra region possesses a clearly defined territory within Nigeria. The geographical boundaries of the South-Eastern region provide a tangible foundation for territorial integrity and self-governance.

Moreover, the presence of a functioning government within the South-East further reinforces its claim to self-determination. Despite being part of the Nigerian federal system, the region maintains administrative structures and institutions that cater to the needs of its populace.

Additionally, the Igbo-Biafra region boasts a defined population, characterized by its demographic composition and social cohesion. This demographic stability contributes to the region's ability to assert its collective rights and interests.

Furthermore, the capacity of the South-East to engage in international relations underscores its readiness for independent statehood. The region's potential to establish diplomatic ties and participate in global affairs reflects its ability to function as a sovereign entity on the international stage.

Crucially, the Igbo-Biafra people face systemic discrimination based on their race and ethnic identity within the Nigerian state. The historical marginalization and political exclusion experienced by the Igbo community highlight the urgent need for redress and equitable treatment within the Nigerian polity.

In the circumstances, Nigeria's failure to uphold the principle of equal rights and self-determination exacerbates the grievances of the South-Eastern region. The deliberate suppression of the Igbo-Biafra people's internal self-determination, manifested in the restriction to only five states which has lead to unequal political representation and resource allocation, underscores the systemic injustices perpetuated by the Nigerian state.

The Igbo-Biafra issue in Nigeria is an unfortunate, distinctive, and intricate situation characterised by systematic marginalisation and discrimination sanctioned by the state, mostly based on ethnicity and race. The Nigerian state has intentionally implemented a policy of isolating, suppressing, and discriminating against the Igbo people of the South-East region for several decades, effectively establishing a regime similar to apartheid, specifically targeting this ethnic group.
The marginalisation of the South-East zone also referred to as the Igbo-Biafrans, is firmly ingrained in the structure of Nigerian politics and society. This prejudice is not haphazard or coincidental but seems to be a deliberate and organised endeavour by the Nigerian government and its representatives. The existing policies and practices have resulted in a substantial curtailment and confinement of the Igbo ethnic group, so constraining their prospects for economic, social, and political progress. This has been accomplished through diverse methods, such as limited representation in the government, specific economic policies that harm the economic interests of the Igbo society as a whole and a pervasive culture of oppression that impacts all aspects of life for the Igbo population in Nigeria.
This deliberate singling out of the South-Easterners has created a scenario where they are treated as unequal citizens compared to the rest of the Nigerian population. The level of oppression and discrimination has reached a threshold that can be likened to apartheid, where an entire population is systematically marginalised based on their ethnicity. This has not only led to economic and political disenfranchisement but has also fostered a deep sense of injustice and inequality within the country.

The Igbo-Biafra instance is unique because of the prolonged and deeply ingrained character of the marginalisation, which has historical origins and has been sustained across multiple generations. This action constitutes a blatant infringement upon fundamental human rights and the principles of equality and non-discrimination. The current circumstances necessitate a reassessment of Nigerian federal policies and a focused endeavour to rectify these inequities in a way that acknowledges the distinctive obstacles encountered by the Igbo-Biafrans, guaranteeing the preservation of their rights and dignity inside the Nigerian federation.

In brief, historical claims, ongoing and unresolved human rights violations, systemic discrimination and underrepresentation, and the inadequacy of political processes to address these grievances comprise the argument for a potential Igbo-Biafra right to (remedial) secession from Nigeria. Under international law, this complex and multifaceted justification makes a strong case for contemplating secession as a last resort and valid reaction to persistent and unresolved injustice.

In conclusion, the South-East, the Igbo-Biafra region, possesses a compelling justification for (remedial) secession based on the principles of self-determination, historical grievances, and systemic discrimination if they able and willing to do so. International recognition and support for the region’s legitimate claims are essential in addressing the underlying issues and facilitating a peaceful resolution to the ongoing tensions within Nigeria.

Uche Mefor writes as the Convenor of the Igbo-Biafra Nationalist Movement and the Indigenous People of the Igbo Nation for Self-determination.
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