₦airaland Forum

forgiveness:
Do I believe or it is fact?

Who built the Pyramids? Do you believe they are whites?

But no single group or region taught anyone civilization rather different ancient societies developed civilized life in different part of the world independently, before some starts to enslave and colonize others.

Apart from historical legacy,does pyramid really add any value to Africa or the world

Tobi Amusan's 100mH world record is gone. Masai Rusell took down Tobi's World Record at the Zurich Diamond League.

The American ran a new World Record of 12.09s to win the 100m Hurdles, with Tobi coming second.

Sugarboyy:
Boss, we are saying the same thing but in different ways. We are both deliberating what would be the best for Nigeria sports. With my idea of how politics and government works, I'm telling you that no matter what, most state governments can partially sell of their clubs, with the state retaining like 10-20% ownership, but they will hardly let go or sell their stadiums. Do you know why? Because firstly they built it with tax payers money, secondly most of these stadiums are used by the citizens in all sports and lastly which would be the number one hindrance, these same citizens might not support the state governments. A case study is what has been happening in Edo State, my State. There is an EDO HOUSE located in V.I Lagos, own by Edo State government. The building contributes absolutely nothing to Edo economy as at today and even when the governor's have tried to sell it off and use the money to build maybe a Benin City Mall in Edo State, it has always been protests upon protests 🪧. Again, I don't know much about Ibadan but you see Edo State? No governor would dare wake up and for whatever reasons says he wants to sell the Samuel Ogbemudia stadium.

Well, they can make arrangement to lease and later develop their own.

Napoleon55:

But no single group or region taught anyone civilization rather different ancient societies developed civilized life in different part of the world independently, before some starts to enslave and colonize others.

Apart from historical legacy,does pyramid really add any value to Africa or the world

Okay na. Why do they calm oyinbo brought civilization to the region called Africa?

Make wey dey do as dem do na.

Kelechi Nwakali has mutually terminated his contract at English side, Barnsley FC.

Papi85:
Kelechi Nwakali has mutually terminated his contract at English side, Barnsley FC.

This one should leave Europe and come play for Enyimba or Rangers in the NPFL.
Wasted talent 😔⭐

TheSuperNerd:
NFF Confirms it themselves...

https://x.com/thenff/status/2092963150706434480

https://x.com/thenff/status/2092963150706434480
Form Gemini LLM (make una confirm):

Leadership & Officers
Ibrahim Musa Gusau – President (Resigned)
Dr. Mohammed Sanusi – General Secretary (Resigned)
Felix Anyansi-Agwu – 1st Vice-President
Gbenga Elegbeleye – 2nd Vice-President

Executive Committee (Board Members)
Yusuf Ahmed Fresh
Sunday Dele-Ajayi
Aisha Falode
Ganiyu Majekodunmi
Nse Essien
Margaret Icheen
Timothy Heman Magaji
Silas Agara
Sharif Rabiu Inuwa
George Aluo

Edo Queens vs Asec Mimosas highlights

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRv_8QJd90s

A fan showed Rüdiger the middle finger, and he asked him to come down so they can fight 😭😂😂😂😂😭😭

He was like “if dem born you well come down” 😭😭😂😂😂😂😭 pic.twitter.com/NOTDFIu7mG

— 🥇 (@Cordreal10) August 26, 2026

Seriki tins 😁😁

Aura for Aura

“If dem born you well come outside.” https://t.co/RAEzoX5ObF pic.twitter.com/xKU60cmwde

— Ojora Babatunde (@ojbsports) August 27, 2026

/video/1?s=46

forgiveness:
The bolded is a fallacy the colonial master made you believe.

Who governed Mali empire, Oyo Empire, Borno Empire, Ife empire, Ijebu kingdom and several Yoruba city states, NRI Kingdom, Aro Confederacy, Kingdom of Nembe, Kingdom of Bonny, Kingdom of Opobo, Kingdom of Calabar, Onitcha Kingdom etc before the British expenditures?

Do not let them lie to you. Black man taught the world civilization.

Now, ask yourself, why were all these different ethnic groups lumped together to form one country?

For easy manipulation and extortion. That's what you are seeing today.

We were lumped together because we were weak. Enslaved and colonized because we were weak. And we still are. I am not delusional about these things. Many of you try to run from the pain of admitting our people are weak by lying to yourselves.

No wonder we are still backwards. Look at what you are attaching the name of empire and civilization to. I know them - Mali, asante, Songhai, even my people had kwararafa. I know of Aksum, I know Timbuktu, I know of Nubia. All Empires and kingdoms of mud and dust. The value of a thing is known by comparison. If we compare all of these you mentioned with other kingdoms, we will cover our faces in shame.

Black man did not teach the world any civilization! Gosh! Let me give you a small clue. Language and words. When you contribute to anything, even after centuries your words and concepts will outlive your physical empire, presence and contact.

Take the Arab and Persian contribution to European science, mathematics, music, architecture, military engineering, literature, philosophy due to the contact between the Arab and Persian world with Europe from the 7th century through the middle ages, the enlightenment period and the dawn of the modern era.
for example: algebra is derived from al-jabr, alkaline is derived from the Arabic al-qalīy, carat from kirat, alchemy from al-kīmīā, camphor from kafur, Alcohol from al-kuḥūl, algorithm from the great Persian mathematician Al kwarizmi, cotton from kutn, admiral from amir, candy from qandi, caravan from qaīrawān assassin from the deadly marauders known as hashassin.

The catalogue of words and concepts which the Arabs and Persians donated to European civilization is so vast. These are just a few.

Now show me the words from your African languages (as per na we give the world civilization) that is retained in science, in art, in military engineering, in architecture across the world? Show me the Yoruba, igbo, Efik, fante, wollof, fulfulde words that mark our contribution to civilization in all its forms. E no go pass for you to go Egypt.

Please I'm not a rookie on this topic. There was a time I was in my pan African phase. Can't fool myself forever. Nonsense. No make me vex abeg.

Sugarboyy:
Even in far more developed and advanced countries where structures works, some people still fails in their task. So people are part of the problems even though I totally agrees with you that weak structures are the most problems Nigeria as a country is facing

Meant to say people are not the only problem

elyte89:
Wc kind pattern be dt..we re not dt dumb na b4 knowing the right thing to do..even if guys here are to be on d helms of affairs ,we know the next steps to take without going to Morocco 🇲🇦.Accountability is key here ,every other thing will follow

My suggestion is not cast in stone. It's just a suggestion. The point is, it is a fact of life that nations across the world learn from each other. It happens across all sectors. It's called a working visit. For instance, people from all over the world - think tanks, academics, students, research institutions frequently come to Dangote refinery to study, to learn, to ask questions. Even here in Nigeria, many states have been to Lagos to study Lagos model on a number of developmental schemes.

We always claim we are not dumb (in any case, I didn't make that characterization, you did) but somehow things never work. Very strange. The sum total of the intelligence of a people shows in their environment, institutions and structures.

If you think accountability is the key problem, then we have not started. Incompetence is a huge problem.

Goke7:
Abeg Make our ex players stay away for now they too are part of the problem and if any of them get the post the others will gang up against him! We just need a sound administrator who is truly passionate and not after megabucks, perhaps someone with deep pockets!

Let’s not be deceived there’s so much money that goes into our national teams and that’s what most of our ex players are after. Even if an emenalo comes in his fellow ex mates will do everything to pull him down as they will see him as an enemy to their hustle

No one loves this country. Even for something like football nobody can sacrifice and say I come to build, I want to change the narrative simply out of sheer love for the game.

forgiveness:
Do I believe or it is fact?

Who built the Pyramids? Do you believe they are whites?

I talk am. E no go pass Egypt. Leave Egypt abeg. Show us sub Saharan civilization.

Apparently, the NPFL, NNL, NLO and NWPL boards have all been fired too..

A major shakeup is happening in our football sector...

36 states. Only Akwa Ibom has a CAF approved stadium. Bad roads everywhere.

How can a people be this way? It's not skin colour. We need to face the truth about ourselves.

Some of you guys live abroad. Don't you guys marvel at how structured, orderly and developed these nations are? Abi as you guys walk around you tell yourselves: yeah, we built this, they stole it from us.

Abeg oo. Till date anytime I fly a plane, I'm always filled with wonder and amazement. We cannot continue to be this way.

18y/o Winger, #25 Seun Akanji's Assist🅰️ to send Lillestrom SK to the Europa League Draw.

Lillestrøm 2-1 Egnatia

⚽ 94' Thomas Lehne Olsen
🅰️ Seun Akanji#UEL #LSK #Egnatia pic.twitter.com/cAuSJljzR2

— Eliteserien Wizard (@ElitWizard) August 27, 2026

TheSuperNerd:
Tolu Arokodare Brace⚽️⚽️ for Ajax

Seun Akanji Assist🅰️ for Lillestrom

Danielnino00:
Apparently, the NPFL, NNL, NLO and NWPL boards have all been fired too..

A major shakeup is happening in our football sector...

After all these shakeups, we don't want to see people like Gasua,Pinnick and co.
The politicians have failed us badly,
we want to see an entirely different type leadership than incompetent politicians.
Let's try
Football experts,
Knowledgeable ex internationals,
Proven Football administrators,
Proven administrators.

I love the shake up or should i say Tremor going on

If we get Micheal on board, his name alone will be a huge financial package for anything football in Nigeria. Since Funds is the major problem, aside incompetence, it will be timely.


Only clowns and sellswords will be hyping and campaigning for Amaju Pinnick in this age. I'll take Soname over Pinnick. But Micheal>>>>




New Dawn, is that you?

Mujtahida:
We were lumped together because we were weak. Enslaved and colonized because we were weak. And we still are. I am not delusional about these things. Many of you try to run from the pain of admitting our people are weak by lying to yourselves.

No wonder we are still backwards. Look at what you are attaching the name of empire and civilization to. I know them - Mali, asante, Songhai, even my people had kwararafa. I know of Aksum, I know Timbuktu, I know of Nubia. All Empires and kingdoms of mud and dust. The value of a thing is known by comparison. If we compare all of these you mentioned with other kingdoms, we will cover our faces in shame.

Black man did not teach the world any civilization! Gosh! Let me give you a small clue. Language and words. When you contribute to anything, even after centuries your words and concepts will outlive your physical empire, presence and contact.

Take the Arab and Persian contribution to European science, mathematics, music, architecture, military engineering, literature, philosophy due to the contact between the Arab and Persian world with Europe from the 7th century through the middle ages, the enlightenment period and the dawn of the modern era.
for example: algebra is derived from al-jabr, alkaline is derived from the Arabic al-qalīy, carat from kirat, alchemy from al-kīmīā, camphor from kafur, Alcohol from al-kuḥūl, algorithm from the great Persian mathematician Al kwarizmi, cotton from kutn, admiral from amir, candy from qandi, caravan from qaīrawān assassin from the deadly marauders known as hashassin.

The catalogue of words and concepts which the Arabs and Persians donated to European civilization is so vast. These are just a few.

Now show me the words from your African languages (as per na we give the world civilization) that is retained in science, in art, in military engineering, in architecture across the world? Show me the Yoruba, igbo, Efik, fante, wollof, fulfulde words that mark our contribution to civilization in all its forms. E no go pass for you to go Egypt.

Please I'm not a rookie on this topic. There was a time I was in my pan African phase. Can't fool myself forever. Nonsense. No make me vex abeg.

Don't deviate from the topic. "Black man does not know how to govern," na big fallacy.

Confusing governance with innovative is the most nonsensical thing to think. It shows you lack the basic knowledge and principles of governance. And I think you got this from your colonial masters textbook.

Innovation does not connote good governance, and the absence of globally famous innovations does not mean that Black Africans do not know how to govern.

Do you understand now? Maybe your village didn't have have any form of good goverance before colonial master brain washed you, but others that had even had ambassadors overseas before that colonial master came.

Let me educate you a little. Mere names and words don't mean some countries singlehandedly innovated something. For example Algebra. Who deceived you it was Arab innovation?

Innovation or technology can spread through imitation, migration, trade, conquest, or incorporation without preserving the original language of the inventors.

Therefore, who developed algebra?, Who preserved it?, Who transmitted it?, Who transformed it?, Who popularized it globally?

It was never originally invented by the Arabs or Persian. Na your salvage colonial master in Europe that encountered the Arab text books adopted the words.

I can mention many mathematical innovation by black man but does that connotes good governance? You are confused.

Now, innovation equals creating or improving technologies, methods, institutions, or ideas.

Meanwhile, governance equals how political authority is organized and exercised law, administration, taxation, justice, security, accountability, succession, public services, etc.

The ability of a government to actually implement decisions and provide services equals state capability.

Economic development equals the ability to sustain productivity, investment, infrastructure, and rising living standards.

Are you saying all these features were not found in African kingdoms of Mali, Songhai, Ethiopia, Benin, Kongo, Asante, Oyo, Great Zimbabwe and other African states that had different systems of kingship, taxation, administration, diplomacy, military organization, law and commerce because of "mud and dust"? Or connotes "Black man doesn't know how to govern themselves? Gosh!!!

Let me shock you, A society can be highly innovative but poorly governed, or well governed without producing world-changing innovations.

You conclusion simply doesn't follow logically.

It shows that all the world were weak because most were colonized. China, India, UK, etc were all weak because they were all colonized.

Your take is weak. I swear.

Compare at what century? Go and read the account of how Benin Kingdom was more organized that London (your lord and personal savior) in the 16th and 17th century.

London was disorganized and full of crime in the 16th to 17 century while Benin City was deliberately planned and had extensive roads/avenues and sophisticated urban organization

"Roads and avenues: Historical accounts describe broad streets/avenues radiating through the city and connecting the royal palace with different parts of the kingdom."

Do you think all ethnic groups in Nigeria had no form of governance or civilization?

Do you think all wore leaves to cover bottom or walked nakedly? You don't have an idea of good governance. Stop confusing yourself.

Mujtahida:
I talk am. E no go pass Egypt. Leave Egypt abeg. Show us sub Saharan civilization.

Egypt was sub Sahara before Arab conquest. You don't have an idea.

It is like saying leave Turkey, and talk about Middle East because they are now part of European union.

Papi85:
Kelechi Nwakali has mutually terminated his contract at English side, Barnsley FC.

Make e go Celta Vigo, EA sports simulation (Last season) talk say na the best fit for am.

forgiveness:
Don't deviate from the topic. "Black man does not know how to govern," na big fallacy.

Confusing governance with innovative is the most nonsensical thing to think. It shows you lack the basic knowledge and principles of governance. And I think you got this from your colonial masters textbook.

Innovation does not connote good governance, and the absence of globally famous innovations does not mean that Black Africans do not know how to govern.

Do you understand now? Maybe your village didn't have have any form of good goverance before colonial master brain washed you, but others that had even had ambassadors overseas before that colonial master came.

Let me educate you a little. Mere names and words don't mean some countries singlehandedly innovated something. For example Algebra. Who deceived you it was Arab innovation?

Innovation or technology can spread through imitation, migration, trade, conquest, or incorporation without preserving the original language of the inventors.

Therefore, who developed algebra?, Who preserved it?, Who transmitted it?, Who transformed it?, Who popularized it globally?

It was never originally invented by the Arabs or Persian. Na your salvage colonial master in Europe that encountered the Arab text books adopted the words.

I can mention many mathematical innovation by black man but does that connotes good governance? You are confused.

Now, innovation equals creating or improving technologies, methods, institutions, or ideas.

Meanwhile, governance equals how political authority is organized and exercised law, administration, taxation, justice, security, accountability, succession, public services, etc.

The ability of a government to actually implement decisions and provide services equals state capability.

Economic development equals the ability to sustain productivity, investment, infrastructure, and rising living standards.

Are you saying all these features were not found in African kingdoms of Mali, Songhai, Ethiopia, Benin, Kongo, Asante, Oyo, Great Zimbabwe and other African states that had different systems of kingship, taxation, administration, diplomacy, military organization, law and commerce because of "mud and dust"? Or connotes "Black man doesn't know how to govern themselves? Gosh!!!

Let me shock you, A society can be highly innovative but poorly governed, or well governed without producing world-changing innovations.

You conclusion simply doesn't follow logically.

It shows that all the world were weak because most were colonized. China, India, UK, etc were all weak because they were all colonized.

Your take is weak. I swear.

Compare at what century? Go and read the account of how Benin Kingdom was more organized that London (your lord and personal savior) in the 16th and 17th century.

London was disorganized and full of crime in the 16th to 17 century while Benin City was deliberately planned and had extensive roads/avenues and sophisticated urban organization

"Roads and avenues: Historical accounts describe broad streets/avenues radiating through the city and connecting the royal palace with different parts of the kingdom."

Do you think all ethnic groups in Nigeria had no form of governance or civilization?

Do you think all wore leaves to cover bottom or walked nakedly? You don't have an idea of good governance. Stop confusing yourself.

So much words full of nonsense. I didn't deviate from my assertion. You said black man taught the world civilization. Show me in the retention of our language and words in all the forms of modern civilization. Not Cho Cho Cho.

Innovation includes innovations in the forms of governance and if you think innovation has no effect on governance, then you aren't worth having this conversation with. Go and read how the innovation of printing press and gun changed governance and affected civilization.

Yes at the time China, India and other countries were colonized they were weak. Colonization is the outcome of conquest. Your reasoning is frighteningly poor.

I assert that the black man does not know how to govern. The evidence is before our eyes. My last response on this topic not because I can't go on with you but I don't want to derail the thread.

forgiveness:
Egypt was sub Sahara before Arab conquest. You don't have an idea.

It is like saying leave Turkey, and talk about Middle East because they are now part of European union.

"Egypt was sub Sahara before Arab conquest."

😂😂😂 This one probably don go read Chiekh Anta Diop(that's if you even know he's the one who propounded what you asserted).

You built the pyramids in faraway Egypt but right here in sub saharan Africa, no single ancient archeological finding of something as simple yet fundamental as a wheel.

Black people even say they built Japan. What a people.

Anakogheri.

This is so real 😂

Truidstarr:
Make e go Celta Vigo, EA sports simulation (Last season) talk say na the best fit for am.

and mk em join Npfl club?

I support tolu’s recall to the national team. Dude have been fire for Ajax

I love this guy man. Just send Wolves the money now. pic.twitter.com/fNSRkxwg7I

— Marc Geschwind (@MarcGeschwind) August 28, 2026

Uefa Europa Conference league results and qualified teams in designated Pots ahead of draws today.

🇳🇬Naija lads in the Uefa Europa Conference League

Pot 1
Ajax - Tolu Arokodare

Pot 2
FC Midtjylland - Stanley Iheanacho, Friday Etim, *Julius Emefile

Red Star Belgrade (Crvena Zvezda) - Jay Enem

KAA Gent - Abubakar Abdullahi

Panathinaikos - Cyriel Dessers

Brighton - Zadok Yohanna


Pot 3
Borac Banja Luka - Anderson Esiti


Pot 4
Trabzonspor - Chibuike Nwaiwu, Paul Onuachu

Universitateo Craiova - Monday Etim*


Pot 5
Riga FC - Abdulrahman Taiwo

Jablonec - Nelson Okeke


Pot 6
FK Kauno Zalgiris - Nosa Iyobosa Edokpolor

Iberia 1999 Tbilisi - Ibrahim Alhassan Abdullahi, Stephen Ende

orriyomi33:
This is so real 😂

Gender have nothing to do with what is going in NFF shakeup, rather it's the most unusual in Nigerian football for super falcons not to qualify,moreover everyone is already fed up before the final straw that broke our back.
The day the Brazilian national team will fail qualify, we will likely witness the same shakeup in Brazil.

Mujtahida:
So much words full of nonsense. I didn't deviate from my assertion. You said black man taught the world civilization. Show me in the retention of our language and words in all the forms of modern civilization. Not Cho Cho Cho.

Innovation includes innovations in the forms of governance and if you think innovation has no effect on governance, then you aren't worth having this conversation with. Go and read how the innovation of printing press and gun changed governance and affected civilization.

Yes at the time China, India and other countries were colonized they were weak. Colonization is the outcome of conquest. Your reasoning is frighteningly poor.

I assert that the black man does not know how to govern. The evidence is before our eyes. My last response on this topic not because I can't go on with you but I don't want to derail the thread.

Stop stewing nonsense. If you don't know or your ethnic group had no form of governance that's your problem. As far as I am concerned, mine had and it was well written in world history.

My first response to your fallacy "Black man doesn't know how to govern" was well debunked in that explanation. Only person or persons in their right senses can make sense out of it, not one brainwashed.

Just say your ethnic group had no form of governance and civilization and stop lumping others into it. That is the evidence before your eyes.

Secondly, I will take back my words that civilization came from Africa but it doesn't change the fact that white didn"t bring civilization to the whole of Africans. Yes, I acknowledge that some got civilization from whites. Those without structure and goverance.

However, civilization evolved differently from different regions. From Mesopotamia to Egypt, to China etc. No one can claim civilization entirely.


What is civilization? What is innovation? What is conquest? I think that is beyond you because you are confused.

Let me apply your logic.

Because Roman conquered Greek, it had no form of governance and civilization.

British conquered India because it could not govern themselves and never experienced civilization in their entire history. You are day dreaming.


"Innovation includes innovations in the forms of governance and if you think innovation has no effect on governance,"

I can see you are confused with this your statement.

First, civilization and modern global dominance are not the same thing. The fact that modern institutions retain more European languages, political systems, technologies, and intellectual traditions does not prove that Africans lacked sophisticated systems of governance. Period.

Second, you are right that innovation can transform governance. The printing press changed the distribution of information and political authority. Gunpowder changed warfare and state formation. But that argument actually creates a problem for your conclusion.

if technological and institutional innovation influences state capacity, then we must ask why particular societies accumulated those advantages at particular historical periods, rather than simply attributing their success or failure to the governing ability of an entire racial group.

Who innovated gunpowder? China.

Who adopted and accumulated the advantages? European states. The same European states used it to colonize China. Was it European innovation? No.

Innovation can improve governance but it doesn't mean that innovation can't be adopted to improve governance.

Lastly, Africa had diverse political systems, and some demonstrated sophisticated governance.

The Mali and Songhai empires developed administrative structures over large territories.

The Kingdom of Benin had centralized political authority, specialized institutions, extensive trade, and significant urban development.

Ethiopia maintained an independent state for centuries despite enormous external pressures.

The Asante state developed centralized political institutions and mechanisms for incorporating different territories and peoples.

These examples don't prove that African governance was universally successful—but they directly contradict the claim that the Black man does not know how to govern.


Are you saying those political systems lacked innovation?

Maybe your ethnic group didn't experience that but it doesn't mean some didn't have.

Innovation evolves and it is never static.

Conquest evolves from generation to the generation. It doesn't mean those conquered never had civilization.

Let me educate you about world conquest by going spiritual. This is a rejoinder to "show me the retention of language and words in all form of modern civilization"

In Daniel, Nebuchadnezzar dreamed of the great image and that has influenced the world in writing and language in each period.

The image had five sections/materials:

1. Gold - head
Daniel 2:32, 38 - “thou art this head of gold.” Represents the Babylonian kingdom.
2. Silver- chest and arms
Daniel 2:32, 39
Represents the kingdom of Medis and Persians
3. Bronze (brass) - belly and thighs
Daniel 2:32, 39
Represents the Greek empire (Alexander III of Mecadon known as Alexander the great(
4. Iron - legs
Daniel 2:33, 40
The fourth kingdom, represents the Roman empire
5. Iron mixed with clay — feet and toes
Daniel 2:33, 41–43
A divided kingdom: “partly strong, and partly broken. Refers to modern civilization. No single country can lay claim to dominate the whole world. But
6. The last Kingdom is Jesus. Now is the kingdom.

One notable thing they did was Linguistic assimilation which is replacing or suppressing the native language in favor of the dominant language.

Maybe you are naive about that.

Ajami script was already used by Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Kanuri etc to study and communicate long before oyinbo brought Roman script.

There were written systems solely developed by Indigenous Africans apart from Ajami adopted from Arab. Don't be naive.

Nsidibi, Ge'ez, Tifinagh were Indigenous writing systems.

The Egyptian hieroglyphs metaphored to Proto-Sinaitic script to the Phoenician alphabet, then to Greek alphabet to finally Latin alphabet. Go and do research. It is your homework.

Mujtahida:
"Egypt was sub Sahara before Arab conquest."

😂😂😂 This one probably don go read Chiekh Anta Diop(that's if you even know he's the one who propounded what you asserted).

You built the pyramids in faraway Egypt but right here in sub saharan Africa, no single ancient archeological finding of something as simple yet fundamental as a wheel.

Black people even say they built Japan. What a people.

Anakogheri.

Just say that your ethnic group had no significant ancient archaeological findings.

I think you are just a novice in this field.

The same way you believe Mongo Park discovered River Niger. What an irony.

Because somebody called it Sub Saharan Africa doesn't change the fact Egypt was unquestionably African, but whether it should be classified as Sub-Saharan Africa depends on the period and the definition being used.

You have been brainwashed totally.