NairalandSARS:

For your village dem no dey draw for sketching?

You've got no chill

y not save ur energy on thee next question

LionDeLeo:

Yes sir.

You specify the area (topic) and give an allowance of about 5 minutes before dropping the question.

Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

Kimmyslaw:
y not save ur energy on thee next question

leave those guys
money dey there hand

perestroika and glasnost....the first means restructuring while glasnost represent transparency and openess

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

In the 1970's and 1980's the Soviet Union seemed to be one of the most stable political units in the world. In international politics the Soviet Union was very strong and seemed only to be getting stronger. It was, for example, securing political client states in Africa. The Western powers believed this image was valid. But in the Soviet Union few things were really what they seemed to be.

The Afghanistan war and the break down of the Soviet Union

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

Congress of Soviets and
the Supreme Soviet

communist state

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

1. The decision to move from capitalism to socialism following the works of Karl Max and Engel.
2. It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

liberalisation - removal of restrictions
Bureaucratic and authoritarian system
One party system (communist) – unaccountable to the people

Crisis in the Socialist bloc : People in many east European countries started protest against their own governments and USSR. Without the right intervention from USSR at the right time, communist governments in the second world collapsed one after the other.

Economic and political reforms in USSR : Gorbachev identified the economic and political problems of USSR, and started a series of reforms, with the intention to revive economy. This was a deviation from the communist policies, and was more closely associated with the market economy. Many communist leaders in USSR opposed reforms initiated by Gorbachev. They encouraged a coup in 1991.

Dang I came late to the party , see as this money pass me

the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). “Cold” because it was never a “hot,” direct shooting war between the United States and the Soviet Union, the generations- long, multifaceted rivalry nevertheless bent the world to its whims. Tensions ran highest, perhaps, during the “first Cold War,” which lasted from the mid-1940s through the mid-1960s, after which followed a period of relaxed tensions and increased communication and cooperation, known by the French term détente, until the “second Cold War” interceded from roughly 1979 until the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Cold War reshaped the world, and in so doing forever altered American life and the generations of Americans that lived within its shadow.

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

Liberalisation

The Economic Collapse of the Soviet Union

The history of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms Soviet Russia and Soviet Union are synonymous in everyday vocabulary, when we talk about the foundations of the Soviet Union, Soviet Russia refers to the few years after the abdication of the crown of the Russian Empire by Tsar Nicholas II (in 1917), but before the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922. Early in its conception, the Soviet Union strived to achieve harmony among all peoples of all countries. The original ideology of the state was primarily based on the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In its essence, Marx's theory stated that economic and political systems went through an inevitable evolution in form, by which the current capitalist system would be replaced by a socialist state before achieving international cooperation and peace in a "Workers' Paradise," creating a system directed by what Marx called "Pure Communism."
Displeased by the relatively few changes made by the Tsar after the Revolution of 1905, Russia became a hotbed of anarchism, socialism and other radical political systems. The dominant socialist party, the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), subscribed to Marxist ideology. Starting in 1903, a series of splits in the party between two main leaders was escalating: the Bolsheviks (meaning "majority" led by Vladimir Lenin, and the Mensheviks (meaning "minority" led by Julius Martov. Up until 1912, both groups continued to stay united under the name "RSDLP," but significant and irreconcilable differences between Lenin and Martov led the party to eventually split. A struggle for political dominance subsequently began between the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks. Not only did these groups fight with each other, but they also had common enemies, notably, those trying to bring the Tsar back to power. Following the February Revolution in 1917, the Mensheviks gained control of Russia and established a provisional government, but this lasted only until the Bolsheviks took power in the October Revolution (also called the Bolshevik Revolution) later in the year. To distinguish themselves from other socialist parties, the Bolshevik party was renamed the Russian Communist Party (RCP).
Under the control of the party, all politics and attitudes that were not strictly RCP were suppressed, under the premise that the RCP represented the proletariat and all activities contrary to the party's beliefs were "counterrevolutionary" or "anti-socialist." During the years between 1917 and 1923, the Soviet Union achieved peace with the Central Powers, their enemies in World War I, but also fought the Russian Civil War against the White Army and foreign armies from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, among others. This resulted in large territorial changes, albeit temporarily for some of these. Eventually crushing all opponents, the RCP spread Soviet style rule quickly and established itself through all of Russia. Following Lenin's death in 1924, Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the RCP, became the de facto leader of the USSR.

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

Starlinism
Leninism

Perestroika (Russian: перестро́йка; IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] (About this sound listen))[1] was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s until 1991 widely associated with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "openness" policy reform. The literal meaning of perestroika is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system.

Perestroika is sometimes argued to be a cause of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War




Glasnost, which translates to "openness" in English, was General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's policy for a new, open policy in the Soviet Union where people could freely express their opinions.

With glasnost, Soviet citizens no longer had to worry about neighbors, friends, and acquaintances turning them into the KGB for whispering something that could be construed as criticism of the government or its leaders. They no longer had to worry about arrest and exile for a negative thought against the State.

Glasnost allowed the Soviet people to reexamine their history, voice their opinions on governmental policies, and receive news not pre-approved by the government.

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

The Afghanistan war and the breakdown of the Soviet Union

ORIGINS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT African Americans became increasingly restive in the postwar years. During the war they had challenged discrimination in the military services and in the work force, and they had made limited gains. Millions of blacks had left southern farms for northern cities, where they hoped to find better jobs. They found instead crowded conditions in urban slums. Now, black servicemen returned home, intent on rejecting second- class citizenship, as other blacks began to argue that the time was ripe for racial equality. Jackie Robinson dramatized the racial question in 1947 when he broke baseball's color line and began playing in the major leagues. A member of the Brooklyn Dodgers, he often faced trouble with opponents and teammates as well. But an outstanding first season led to his acceptance and eased the way for other black players, who now left the Negro leagues to which they had been confined. Government officials, and many other Americans, discovered the connection between racial problems and Cold War politics. As the leader of the free world, the United States sought support in Africa and Asia. Discrimination at home impeded the effort to win friends in other parts of the world. Harry Truman supported the civil rights movement. He believed in political equality, though not in social equality, and recognized the growing importance of the black urban vote. When apprised in 1946 of lynchings and other forms of mob violence still practiced in the South, he appointed a committee on civil rights to investigate discrimination based on race and religion. The report, issued the next year, documented blacks' second-class status in American life. It asserted the need for the federal government to secure the rights guaranteed to all citizens. Truman responded by sending a 10-point civil rights program to Congress. When Southern Democrats, angry about a stronger civil rights stance, left the party in 1948, Truman issued an executive order barring discrimination in federal employment, ordered equal treatment in the armed forces and appointed a committee to work toward an end to military segregation. The last military restrictions ended during the Korean War. Blacks in the South enjoyed few, if any, civil and political rights. More than 1 million black soldiers fought in World War II, but those who came from the South could not vote. Blacks who tried to register faced the likelihood of beatings, loss of job, loss of credit or eviction from their land. Lynchings still occurred, and Jim Crow laws enforced segregation of the races in street cars, trains, hotels, restaurants, hospitals, recreational facilities and employment. DESEGREGATION Blacks took matters into their own hands. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was determined to overturn the judicial doctrine, established in the court case Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, that segregation of black and white students in schools was constitutional if facilities were "separate but equal." That decree had been used for decades to sanction rigid segregation in the South, where facilities were seldom, if ever, equal. Blacks achieved their goal of overturning Plessy in 1954 when the Supreme Court -- presided over by an Eisenhower appointee, Chief Justice Earl Warren -- handed down its Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The Court declared unanimously that "separate facilities are inherently unequal," and decreed that the "separate but equal" doctrine could no longer be used in public schools. A year later, the Supreme Court demanded that local school boards move "with all deliberate speed" to implement the decision. Eisenhower, although sympathetic to the needs of the South as it faced a major transition, nonetheless acted quickly to see that the law was upheld. He ordered the desegregation of Washington, D.C., schools to serve as a model for the rest of the country, and sought to end discrimination in other areas as well. He faced a major crisis in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957. Just before implementation of a desegregation plan calling for the admission of nine black students to a previously all-white high school, the governor declared that violence threatened, and posted Arkansas National Guardsmen to keep peace by turning the black students away. When a federal court ordered the troops to leave, the students came to school, only to encounter belligerent taunts. As mobs became hostile, the black students left. Eisenhower responded by placing the National Guardsmen under federal command and calling them back to Little Rock. He was reluctant to do so because federal troops had not been used to protect black rights since the end of Reconstruction, but he knew he had no choice. And so desegregation began with soldiers standing in classrooms to ensure the rule of law. Another milestone in the civil rights movement occurred in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa Parks, a 42- year-old black seamstress who was also secretary of the state chapter of the NAACP, sat down in the front of a bus in a section reserved by law and custom for whites. Ordered to move to the back, she refused. Police came and arrested her for violating the segregation statutes. Black leaders, who had been waiting for just such a case, organized a boycott of the bus system. Martin Luther King Jr., a young minister of the Baptist church where the blacks met, became a spokesman for the protest. "There comes a time," he said, "when people get tired...of being kicked about by the brutal feet of oppression." King was arrested, as he would be again and again, but blacks in Montgomery sustained the boycott and cut gross bus revenue by 65 percent. About a year later, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation, like school segregation, was unconstitutional. The boycott ended. The civil rights movement had won an important victory -- and discovered its most powerful, thoughtful and eloquent leader in Martin Luther King Jr. African Americans also sought to secure their voting rights. Although the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteed the right to vote, many states had found ways -- whether by a poll ("head") tax or a literacy test -- to circumvent the law. Eisenhower, working with Senate majority leader Lyndon B. Johnson, lent his support to a congressional effort to guarantee the vote. The Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first such measure in 82 years, marked a step forward, as it authorized federal intervention in cases where blacks were denied the chance to vote. Yet loopholes remained, and so activists pushed successfully for the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which provided stiffer penalties for interfering with voting, but still stopped short of authorizing federal officials to register blacks. Relying on the efforts of black Americans themselves, the civil rights movement gained momentum in the postwar years. Working through the Supreme Court and through Congress, civil rights supporters created the groundwork for an even more extensive movement in the 1960s. Outline of American Histo

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

1.Economic Weakness

The weakness of the economy was the major cause of dissatisfaction among the people in USSR. There was sever shortage of consumer items. The reason for economics weakness were the following.

Huge military spending.
Maintenance of satellite states in Easter Europe.
Maintenance of the Central Asian Republics within the USSR.
2. Political Un-accountability

The communist party regime (single party rule) for around 70 years turned authoritarian. There was widespread corruption, nepotism and lack of transparency. Gorbachev’s decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union arose from the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDWP). The Bolsheviks, organized in 1903, were led by Vladimir I. Lenin, and they argued for a tightly disciplined organization of professional revolutionaries who were governed by democratic centralism and were dedicated to achieving the dictatorship of the proletariat. In 1917 they formally broke with the right, or Menshevik, wing of the RSDWP . In 1918, when the Bolsheviks became the ruling party of Russia, they changed their organization’s name to the All-Russian Communist Party; it was renamed the All-Union Communist Party in 1925 after the founding of the U.S.S.R. and finally to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1952.

fidalgo19:
Crisis in the Socialist bloc : People in many east European countries started protest against their own governments and USSR. Without the right intervention from USSR at the right time, communist governments in the second world collapsed one after the other.

Economic and political reforms in USSR : Gorbachev identified the economic and political problems of USSR, and started a series of reforms, with the intention to revive economy. This was a deviation from the communist policies, and was more closely associated with the market economy. Many communist leaders in USSR opposed reforms initiated by Gorbachev. They encouraged a coup in 1991.

invalid

socialism and capitalism

shukuokukobambi:


Ok. Participants should expect a question on politics/current affairs and i'll be dropping it in 5mins

CC:Omenka, Ishilove, LionDeLeo here goes:

2 Terms characterized the political landscape of the USSR in the years leading to it's disintegration in 1991. Name the 2 terms and briefly explain what they represented

Liberation and Capitalist.

Liberation talks about freedom in choosing their respective religion and activity without interference . I may be wrong


Capitalism is the act of transferring ownership to the private.

Though the terms Soviet Russia and Soviet Union are synonymous in everyday vocabulary, when we talk about the foundations of the Soviet Union, Soviet Russia refers to the few years after the abdication of the crown of the Russian Empire by Tsar Nicholas II (in 1917), but before the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922. Early in its conception, the Soviet Union strived to achieve harmony among all peoples of all countries. The original ideology of the state was primarily based on the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . In its essence, Marx's theory stated that economic and political systems went through an inevitable evolution in form, by which the current capitalist system would be replaced by a socialist state before achieving international cooperation and peace in a "Workers' Paradise," creating a system directed by what Marx called "Pure Communism." Displeased by the relatively few changes made by the Tsar after the Revolution of 1905 , Russia became a hotbed of anarchism , socialism and other radical political systems. The dominant socialist party, the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), subscribed to Marxist ideology. Starting in 1903, a series of splits in the party between two main leaders was escalating: the Bolsheviks (meaning "majority" led by Vladimir Lenin, and the Mensheviks (meaning "minority" led by Julius Martov . Up until 1912, both groups continued to stay united under the name "RSDLP," but significant and irreconcilable differences between Lenin and Martov led the party to eventually split.

liberalization which led to increase dispute among the states
Cold war

The Soviet Union was the first state to be based on Marxist socialism (see also
Marxism; communism). Until 1989 the
Communist party indirectly controlled all levels of government; the party's politburo effectively ruled the country, and its general secretary was the country's most powerful leader. Soviet industry was owned and managed by the state, and agricultural land was divided into state farms, collective farms , and small, privately held plots.
Politically the USSR was divided (from 1940 to 1991) into 15 constituent or union republics— Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belorussia (see Belarus), Estonia, Georgia ,
Kazakhstan, Kirghizia (see Kyrgyzstan ),
Latvia, Lithuania , Moldavia (see Moldova), Russia, Tadzhikistan (see Tajikistan),
Turkmenistan, Ukraine , and Uzbekistan —ostensibly joined in a federal union, but until the final year or so of the USSR's existence the republics had little real power. Russia, officially the Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic (RSFSR), was only one of the constituent republics, but the terms "Russia," the "USSR," and the "Soviet Union" were often used interchangeably.

victorious and enduring revolutionary alliance.

the Soviet of the Union and the Soviet of Nationalities