₦airaland Forum

OSOGBO WAR OF 1840 REVISITED
The Fulani Jihad, led by Sheik Usman Dan Fodio that began in 1804 in Sokoto, and spread gradually to Hausaland and down south of the River Niger, had telling effects, not only on Northern Nigeria, but virtually the whole of modern Nigeria. The cause, course and effects have been well documented by scholars, particularly historians. One lasting effect is the spread of Islam. Other consequences include restructuring of political setting and tribal maps in some parts of modern day Nigeria, including Yorubaland.

Ilorin and its region, which were on the northern fringe of Oyo Empire was sacked by Fulani elements domiciled in that nascent town in 1823 and it therefore, became a satellite of the Sokoto caliphate and a base from where the Jihadists attempted to penetrate, subjugate and Islamise Yorubaland.

Revisiting the Osogbo war of 1840 becomes imperative because many historical works on this aspect of the 19th century Yoruba history have ascribed or attributed the feat to debar the Fulani marauders from penetrating Yorubaland solely to the efforts of Ibadan warriors. Of importance among these wars is the Osogbo war of 1840 under discourse. That supposed feat and Ibadan’s role in subsequent battles during the Yoruba internecine wars had led many scholars to also refer to Ibadan as the successor state to the ‘erstwhile’ Oyo empire. In addition, positions of some scholars have been the basis for Ibadan’s clamour for superiority over not a few Yoruba towns, but the Alaafin of Oyo, the sovereign of the old Oyo empire, which was mere distortion of history and tradition.

Contrary to the above, efforts would be made to show that Fulani elements from Ilorin were repelled by combined Yoruba forces, drawn from all supporting towns of Oyo power, in line with defence arrangement perfected by Yoruba leaders led by Alaafin Atiba, at the new capital, Agodoyo around 1837.

Some of the classical literatures on Yoruba history related to the above topic include Iwe Itan Ibadan (History of Ibadan) by Isaac B. Akinyele (1911), History of the Yorubas by Samuel Johnson (1921), Iwe Itan Ogbomoso (History of Ogbomoso) by N.D. Oyerinde (1934), etc. These are some of the classical works by non academic historians from where modern historians drew their conclusions. A painstaking study of these works showed that topical issues like collapse of Oyo empire, Ibadan imperialism, etc, were inventions modern historians.

As an example, Oyo empire can not be said to have collapsed before 1893, in line with British conquest of Sokoto in 1903 and Benin in 1897, etc. What really happened was that the empire declined and its power waned. Research has shown that after the victory of the Ilorin over Yoruba forces during the Eleduwe war of 1835, Emir Shitta sent Ilorin forces to sack Oyo Ile and loot the palace. Consequent upon the attack, Oyo Ile was deserted and has been in ruins ever since. Logically, Oyo empire would have fallen if the Fulani had been able to overrun the whole of the empire as she did to Ilorin and Hausaland where emirs were imposed on conquered territories. However, that was not the case.

Invariably, remnants of the ruing dynasty at Oyo Ile, led by its scion, Abiodun Atiba transferred the capital to Ago Oja and restructured the political/military organisation to safeguard and halt the decline of the empire. Politically, Oluyole a warrior and ruler of the nascent Ibadan was installed Basorun. That was contrary to the tradition at Oyo Ile, which made the Basorun to domicile in the capital. Also, another warrior of note, Kunrunmi of Ijaye, and then head of Ijaye was made the generalissimo or Aare Onakakanfo of the empire. Militarily, a defence pact was made, which made it obligatory for Ibadan to defend the empire from attack from North-eastern and eastern part, while Ijaye was to lead other towns like Iseyin, Saki, Okeho and so on to defend the empire from Dahomey invasion. Ogbomoso another bulwark was mandated to protect the empire from the Fulani invasion from the North.

It should be noted that all the wars credited to Ibadan forces, either against Ilorin, Ijebu, Egba, Ijesha, Ekiti, etc, were in line with this arrangement.Those wars were to protect the remnant of the empire on one hand and to bring back the breakaway satellites into the fold, on the other hand.

Another fact worth knowing is the composition of the Ibadan warriors. It composed of warriors from major Oyo supporting towns or satellites. For example, Ope agbe, Ogunmola, Delesolu Abayomi Lajubutan, Ali Iwo, Ibikunle, Mosaderin, etc migrated to Ibadan from Ogbomoso area. Equally, Mohammed Latosisa went to Ibadan from Ilora and Ajayi Ogboriefan from Ejigbo, etc.

Besides, all Yoruba towns sent their forces to fight along Ibadan during wars such as Osogbo, Jalumi, Ofa, Kiriji, etc. That was the practice at Oyo Ile and this they maintained until 1893. Equally, it was Adeyemi 1 that the warrior reported to after the wars and his quota of the war booty was sent to him as the sovereign. Vividly, like in Oyo Ile, there were over ambitious functionaries of government in the mould of Basorun Gaa, Edun of Gbogun and Afonja of Ilorin, etc who usurped the power of the Alaafin and insubordinated to him like Ogunmola, Latosisa, etc.

That did not mean that Oyo empire collapsed and Ibadan took over. Subsequent events during the course of the wars and the roles played by theAlaafin until the signing of treaty of protectorate with British colonialist by Alaafin Adeyemi in 1893, buttressed the fact of survival of the Oyo empire.
https://waidigbenro./2013/02/26/osogbo-war-of-1840-revisited/
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In 1840 Oshogbo was the scene of a battle that proved the turning point in the Fulani-Yoruba wars. Armed with European rifles bought from coastal tribes, infantrymen from Ibadan decisively defeated the Fulani cavalrymen; this victory made Ibadan, 50 miles (80 km) southwest, the largest and most powerful city of the Yoruba people. Oshogbo continued to pay tribute to Ibadan until 1951, when it became part of that province. It became part of Oyo state in 1976 and the capital of the newly created state of Osun in 1991.
excerpts from https://www.britannica.com/place/Oshogbo

delishpot:
But Islam is a religion of peace na and there is no compulsion in religion!

Kokolet11:
a story that was written yroouba man lolz.

Kokolet11:
a story that was written yroouba man lolz.

Kokolet11:
a story that was written yroouba man lolz.

Shuku0kukobambi:
Who else should have written a yoruba story? Your fathers?

Omololu2121:
who wrote the story of romans,Greeks and Persians? Yeebos?

Kokolet11:
no your mother or awo

Shuku0kukobambi:
Either of them could have written it and it would be acceptable to all sane humans just like these authors

Now what is your problem with it? Are you no longer a jew from biafra?

Kokolet11:
yea I am a Biafran

Shuku0kukobambi:
Good. So allow yoruba men and women to tell yoruba history. Only imbeciles will think otherwise

Kokolet11:
[s] yea you,yroouba men and women are slowpoke.[/s]

Shuku0kukobambi:


Yoruba story can only be told by yoruba men and women. Only imbeciles think otherwise

Why is that riling you up? Do you think your story should be told by another?

Y0ruba:
xxxxx

Make e nor be like say I wan start wahala but this piece is clearly written to accord Alaafin some type of weight in the Yoruba wars & Yoruba VS Fulani wars as well as to prop Oyo up as the nucleus of Yoruba’s military during the period under focus.

First and foremost, Alaafin lost relevance upon migrating to Ago-Oja. Alaafin became peers with Kurunmi Ijaye & Bale Ibadan. This can be seen in the lack of respect Kurunmi had for the throne; the creation of double office of Balogun & Basorun in Ibadan, the demand for the paraphernalia of office from Alaafin’s Balogun; Bashorun and Are Ona Kakanfo who were in Oyo by Ibadan, a request to which Alaafin could not do anything about.

People need to stop trying to fuse Ibadan into Oyo, they were separate entities. Ibadan became an empire with Oyo & Alaafin under its sphere of influence including Ife & Ooni. Ibadan demanded Beere be sent by the Alaafin, something originally demanded by Alaafin from its subordinates. Thereby showing Ibadan regarded Alaafin as a subordinate. Also, in Ife, Ibadan appointed and enthroned an Ooni [present Ooni’s grand father] against the wishes of Ife even if he was murdered a year after by Ife people. Ibadan hand picked and enthroned an Owa Ilesa, Ibadan did the same in Ekiti - exploits Oyo never tried even at its peak.

The victories recorded by Ibadan during this period had nothing to do with Alaafin who sat in Oyo & hijacked the situation when the Britons got involved. It was all the doing of Ibadan forces which grew into an empire at that time and had its tentacles spread to as far as Offa in the North, Ekiti in the West, Oke Ogun /Saki in the East and Iremo & Egbado axis in the south with Ijebu & Egba struggling to balance out power with Ibadan in the south.

The Ibadan, after just returning home from a protracted war, were sent to for help from Osogbo which was within their sphere of influence. They reluctantly went, engaged the Fulani and massacred them. They took this further by marching against Fulani further North at Odo Otin and rounded it up by placing Kwara south axis under Ibadan. A move to which Ilorin could do nothing about; Ibadan would have moved on Ilorin but the Yoruba there were collaborators who enjoyed their new identity.

Ibadan was so much of a single power bloc in Yoruba land that it controlled everything and became large. It was so large that Alaafin plotted with Ilorin and Ekiti Parapo for the downfall of Ibadan.

Abeg, let us endeavour to set History right. Oyo & Alaafin in post Oyo-Ile history of Yoruba is overrated and derived its bloated status from its friendship with Captain Ross the Britain who wanted to repeat the Sokoto style of indirect rule in Yoruba land.

Kokolet11:
lolx e dey pain you

yemaldo:
warning:graphic content
EX 17:13 With the Lord's approval, Joshua mows down Amalek and his people. EX 21:20-21 With the Lord's approval, a slave may be beaten to death with no punishment for the perpetrator as long as the slave doesn't die too quickly. EX 32:27 "Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbor. EX 32:27-29 With the Lord's approval, the Israelites slay 3000 men. LE 26:7-8 The Lord promises the Israelites that, if they are obedient, their enemies will "fall before your sword." LE 26:22 "I will also send wild beasts among you, which shall rob you of your children." LE 26:29 , DT 28:53 , JE 19:9 , EZ 5:8-10 As a punishment, the Lord will cause people to eat the flesh of their own sons and daughters and fathers and friends. LE 27:29 Human sacrifice is condoned. (Note: An example is given in JG 11:30-39 ) NU 11:33 The Lord smites the people with a great plague. NU 12:1-10 God makes Miriam a leper for seven days because she and Aaron had spoken against Moses. NU 15:32-36 A Sabbath breaker (who had gathered sticks for a fire) is stoned to death at the Lord's command. NU 16:27-33 The Lord causes the earth to open and swallow up the men and their households (including wives and children) because the men had been rebellious. NU 16:35 A fire from the Lord consumes 250 men. NU 16:49 A plague from the Lord kills 14,700 people. NU 21:3 The Israelites utterly destroy the Canaanites. NU 21:6 Fiery serpents, sent by the Lord, kill many Israelites. NU 21:35 With the Lord's approval, the Israelites slay Og "... and his sons and all his people, until there was not one survivor left ...." NU 25:4 (KJV) "And the Lord said unto Moses, take all the heads of the people, and hang them up before the Lord against the sun ...." NU 25:8 "He went after the man of Israel into the tent, and thrust both of them through, the man of Israel, and the woman through her belly." NU 25:9 24,000 people die in a plague from the Lord. NU 31:9 The Israelites capture Midianite women and children. NU 31:17-18 Moses, following the Lord's command, orders the Israelites to kill all the Midianite male children and "... every woman who has known man ...." (Note: How would it be determined which women had known men? One can only speculate.) NU 31:31-40 32,000 virgins are taken by the Israelites as booty. Thirty-two are set aside (to be sacrificed?) as a tribute for the Lord. DT 2:33-34 The Israelites utterly destroy the men, women, and children of Sihon. DT 3:6 The Israelites utterly destroy the men, women, and children of Og. DT 7:2 The Lord commands the Israelites to "utterly destroy" and show "no mercy" to those whom he gives them for defeat. DT 20:13-14 "When the Lord delivers it into your hand, put to the sword all the males .... As for the women, the children, the livestock and everything else in the city, you may take these as plunder for yourselves." DT 20:16 "In the cities of the nations the Lord is giving you as an inheritance, do not leave alive anything that breathes." DT 21:10-13 With the Lord's approval, the Israelites are allowed to take "beautiful women" from the enemy camp to be their captive wives. If, after sexual relations, the husband has "no delight" in his wife, he can simply let her go. DT 28:53 "You will eat the fruit of the womb, the flesh of the sons and daughters the Lord your God has given you." JS 1:1-9 , 18 Joshua receives the Lord's blessing for all the bloody endeavors to follow. JS 6:21-27 With the Lord's approval, Joshua destroys the city of Jericho--men, women, and children--with the edge of the sword. JS 7:19-26 Achan, his children and his cattle are stoned to death because Achan had taken a taboo thing. JS 8:22-25 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly smites the people of Ai, killing 12,000 men and women, so that there were none who escaped. JS 10:10-27 With the help of the Lord, Joshua utterly destroys the Gibeonites. JS 10:28 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly destroys the people of Makkedah. JS 10:30 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly destroys the Libnahites. JS 10:32-33 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly destroys the people of Lachish. JS 10:34-35 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly destroys the Eglonites. JS 10:36-37 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly destroys the Hebronites. JS 10:38-39 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly destroys the Debirites. JS 10:40 (A summary statement.) "So Joshua defeated the whole land ...; he left none remaining, but destroyed all that breathed, as the Lord God of Israel commanded." JS 11:6 The Lord orders horses to be hamstrung. (Exceedingly cruel.) JS 11:8-15 "And the lord gave them into the hand of Israel, ...utterly destroying them; there was none left that breathed ...." JS 11:20 "For it was the Lord's doing to harden their hearts that they should come against Israel in battle, in order that they should be utterly destroyed, and should receive no mercy but be exterminated, as the Lord commanded Moses." JS 11:21-23 Joshua utterly destroys the Anakim. JG 1:4 With the Lord's support, Judah defeats 10,000 Canaanites at Bezek. JG 1:6 With the Lord's approval, Judah pursues Adoni-bezek, catches him, and cuts off his thumbs and big toes. JG 1:8 With the Lord's approval, Judah smites Jerusalem. JG 1:17 With the Lord's approval, Judah and Simeon utterly destroy the Canaanites who inhabited Zephath. JG 3:29 The Israelites kill about 10,000 Moabites. JG 3:31 (A restatement.) Shamgar killed 600 Philistines with an oxgoad. JG 4:21 Jael takes a tent stake and hammers it through the head of Sisera, fastening it to the ground. JG 7:19-25 The Gideons defeat the Midianites, slay their princes, cut off their heads, and bring the heads back to Gideon. JG 8:15-21 The Gideons slaughter the men of Penuel. JG 9:5 Abimalech murders his brothers. JG 9:45 Abimalech and his men kill all the people in the city. JG 9:53-54 "A woman dropped a stone on his head and cracked his skull. Hurriedly he called to his armor-bearer, 'Draw your sword and kill me, so that they can't say a woman killed me.' So his servant ran him through, and he died." JG 11:29-39 Jepthah sacrifices his beloved daughter, his only child, according to a vow he has made with the Lord. JG 14:19 The Spirit of the Lord comes upon a man and causes him to slay thirty men. JG 15:15 Samson slays 1000 men with the jawbone of an ass. JG 16:21 The Philistines gouge out Samson's eyes. JG 16:27-30 Samson, with the help of the Lord, pulls down the pillars of the Philistine house and causes his own death and that of 3000 other men and women. JG 18:27 The Danites slay the quiet and unsuspecting people of Laish. JG 19:22-29 A group of sexual depraved men beat on the door of an old man's house demanding that he turn over to them a male house guest. Instead, the old man offers his virgin daughter and his guest's concubine (or wife): "Behold, here are my virgin daughter and his concubine; let me bring them out now. Ravish them and do with them what seems good to you; but against this man do not do so vile a thing." The man's concubine is ravished and dies. The man then cuts her body into twelve pieces and sends one piece to each of the twelve tribes of Israel. JG 20:43-48 The Israelites smite 25,000+ "men of valor" from amongst the Benjamites, "men and beasts and all that they found," and set their towns on fire. JG 21:10-12 "... Go and smite the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead with the edge of the sword and; also the women and little ones.... every male and every woman that has lain with a male you shall utterly destroy." They do so and find four hundred young virgins whom they bring back for their own use. 1SA 4:10 The Philistines slay 30,000 Israelite foot soldiers. 1SA 5:6-9 The Lord afflicts the Philistines with tumors in their "secret parts," presumably for having stolen the Ark. 1SA 6:19 God kills seventy men (or so) for looking into the Ark (at him?). (Note: The early Israelites apparently thought the Ark to be God's abode.) 1SA 7:7-11 Samuel and his men smite the Philistines. 1SA 11:11 With the Lord's blessing, Saul and his men cut down the Ammonites. 1SA 14:31 Jonathan and his men strike down the Philistines. 1SA 14:48 Saul smites the Amalekites. 1SA 15:3 , 7-8 "This is what the Lord says: Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have; do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass ....' And Saul ... utterly destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword." 1SA 15:33 "Samuel hewed Agag in pieces before the Lord ...." 1SA 18:7 The women sing as they make merry: "Saul has slain his thousands and David his ten thousands." 1SA 27:8-11 "David left neither man nor woman alive ....". (Note: This implies that children and infants were included in the slaughter.) 1SA 30:17 David smites the Amalekites. 2SA 2:23 Abner kills Asahel. 2SA 3:30 Joab and Abishai kill Abner. 2SA 4:7-8 Rechan and Baanah kill Ish-bosheth, behead him, and take his head to David. 2SA 4:12 David has Rechan and Baanah killed, their hands and feet cut off, and their bodies hanged by the pool at Hebron. 2SA 5:25 "And David did as the Lord commanded him, and smote the Philistines ...." 2SA 6:2-23 Because she rebuked him for having exposed himself, Michal (David's wife) was barren throughout her life. 2SA 8:1-18 (A listing of some of David's murderous conquests.) 2SA 8:4 David hamstrung all but a few of the horses. 2SA 8:5 David slew 22,000 Syrians. 2SA 8:6 , 14 "The Lord gave victory to David wherever he went." 2SA 8:13 David slew 18,000 Edomites in the valley of salt and made the rest slaves. 2SA 10:18 David slew 47,000+ Syrians. 2SA 11:14-27 David has Uriah killed so that he can marry Uriah's wife, Bathsheba. 2SA 12:1 , 19 The Lord strikes David's child dead for the sin that David has committed. 2SA 13:1-15 Amnon loves his sister Tamar, rapes her, then hates her. 2SA 13:28-29 Absalom has Amnon murdered. 2SA 18:6 -7 20,000 men are slaughtered at the battle in the forest of Ephraim. 2SA 18:15 Joab's men murder Absalom. 2SA 20:10-12 Joab's men murder Amasa and leave him "... wallowing in his own blood in the highway. And anyone who came by, seeing him, stopped." 2SA 24:15 The Lord sends a pestilence on Israel that kills 70,000 men. 1KI 2:24-25 Solomon has Adonijah murdered. 1KI 2:29-34 Solomon has Joab murdered. 1KI 2:46 Solomon has Shime-i murdered. 1KI 13:15-24 A man is killed by a lion for eating bread and drinking water in a place where the Lord had previously told him not to. This is in spite of the fact that the man had subsequently been lied to by a prophet who told the man that an angel of the Lord said that it would be alright to eat and drink there. 1KI 20:29-30 The Israelites smite 100,000 Syrian soldiers in one day. A wall falls on 27,000 remaining Syrians. 2KI 1:10-12 Fire from heaven comes down and consumes fifty men. 2KI 2:23-24 Forty-two children are mauled and killed, presumably according to the will of God, for having jeered at a man of God. 2KI 5:27 Elisha curses Gehazi and his descendants forever with leprosy. 2KI 6:18-19 The Lord answers Elisha's prayer and strikes the Syrians with blindness. Elisha tricks the blind Syrians and leads them to Samaria. 2KI 6:29 "So we cooked my son and ate him. The next day I said to her, 'Give up your son so we may eat him,' but she had hidden him." 2KI 9:24 Jehu tricks and murders Joram. 2KI 9:27 Jehu has Ahaziah killed. 2KI 9:30-37 Jehu has Jezebel killed. Her body is trampled by horses. Dogs eat her flesh so that only her skull, feet, and the palms of her hands remain. 2KI 10:7 Jehu has Ahab's seventy sons beheaded, then sends the heads to their father. 2KI 10:14 Jehu has forty-two of Ahab's kin killed. 2KI 10:17 "And when he came to Samaria, he slew all that remained to Ahab in Samaria, till he had wiped them out, according to the word of the Lord ...." 2KI 10:19-27 Jehu uses trickery to massacre the Baal worshippers. 2KI 11:1 Athaliah destroys all the royal family. 2KI 14:5 , 7 Amaziah kills his servants and then 10,000 Edomites. 2KI 15:3-5 Even though he did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, the Lord smites Azariah with leprosy for not having removed the "high places." 2KI 15:16 Menahem ripped open all the women who were pregnant. 2KI 19:35 An angel of the Lord kills 185,000 men. 1CH 20:3 (KJV) "And he brought out the people that were in it, and cut them with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes." 2CH 13:17 500,000 Israelites are slaughtered. 2CH 21:4 Jehoram slays all his brothers. PS 137:9 Happy will be the man who dashes your little ones against the stones. PS 144:1 God is praised as the one who trains hands for war and fingers for battle. IS 13:15 "Everyone who is captured will be thrust through; all who are caught will fall by the sword. Their infants will be dashed to pieces before their eyes; their ... wives will be ravished." IS 13:18 "Their bows also shall dash the young men to pieces; and they shall have no pity on the fruit of the womb; their eye shall not spare children." IS 14:21-22 "Prepare slaughter for his children for the iniquity of their fathers." IS 49:26 The Lord will cause the oppressors of the Israelite's to eat their own flesh and to become drunk on their own blood as with wine. JE 16:4 "They shall die grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented; neither shall they be buried; but they shall be as dung upon the face of the earth: and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth." LA 4:9-10 "Those slain by the sword are better off than those who die of famine; racked with hunger, they waste away for lack of food. ... pitiful women have cooked their own children, who became their food ..." EZ 6:12-13 The Lord says: "... they will fall by the sword, famine and plague. He that is far away will die of the plague, and he that is near will fall by the sword, and he that survives and is spared will die of famine. So will I spend my wrath upon them. And they will know I am the Lord, when the people lie slain among their idols around their altars, on every high hill and on all the mountaintops, under every spreading tree and every leafy oak ...." EZ 9:4-6 The Lord commands: "... slay old men outright, young men and maidens, little children and women ...." EZ 20:26 In order that he might horrify them, the Lord allowed the Israelites to defile themselves through, amongst other things, the sacrifice of their first-born children. EZ 21:3-4 The Lord says that he will cut off both the righteous and the wicked that his sword shall go against all flesh. EZ 23:25 , 47 God is going to slay the sons and daughters of those who were whores. EZ 23:34 "You shall ... pluck out your hair, and tear your breasts." HO 13:16 "They shall fall by the sword: their infants shall be dashed in pieces, and their women with child shall be ripped up." MI 3:2-3 "... who pluck off their skin ..., and their flesh from off their bones; Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron." MT 3:12 , 8:12 , 10:21 , 13:30 , 42, 22:13 , 24:51 , 25:30 , LK 13:28 , JN 5:24 Some will spend eternity burning in Hell. There will be weeping, wailing and gnashing of teeth. MT 10:21 "... the brother shall deliver up his brother to death, and the father his child, ... children shall rise up against their parents, and cause them to be put to death." MT 10:35-36 "For I have come to turn a man against his father, a daughter against her mother, a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law a man's enemies will be the members of his own family." MT 11:21-24 Jesus curses [the inhabitants of] three cities who were not sufficiently impressed with his great works. AC 13:11 Paul purposefully blinds a man (though not permanently).

Y0ruba:
xxxxx

Make e nor be like say I wan start wahala but this piece is clearly written to accord Alaafin some type of weight in the Yoruba wars & Yoruba VS Fulani wars as well as to prop Oyo up as the nucleus of Yoruba’s military during the period under focus.

First and foremost, Alaafin lost relevance upon migrating to Ago-Oja. Alaafin became peers with Kurunmi Ijaye & Bale Ibadan. This can be seen in the lack of respect Kurunmi had for the throne; the creation of double office of Balogun & Basorun in Ibadan, the demand for the paraphernalia of office from Alaafin’s Balogun; Bashorun and Are Ona Kakanfo who were in Oyo by Ibadan, a request to which Alaafin could not do anything about.

People need to stop trying to fuse Ibadan into Oyo, they were separate entities. Ibadan became an empire with Oyo & Alaafin under its sphere of influence including Ife & Ooni. Ibadan demanded Beere be sent by the Alaafin, something originally demanded by Alaafin from its subordinates. Thereby showing Ibadan regarded Alaafin as a subordinate. Also, in Ife, Ibadan appointed and enthroned an Ooni [present Ooni’s grand father] against the wishes of Ife even if he was murdered a year after by Ife people. Ibadan hand picked and enthroned an Owa Ilesa, Ibadan did the same in Ekiti - exploits Oyo never tried even at its peak.

The victories recorded by Ibadan during this period had nothing to do with Alaafin who sat in Oyo & hijacked the situation when the Britons got involved. It was all the doing of Ibadan forces which grew into an empire at that time and had its tentacles spread to as far as Offa in the North, Ekiti in the West, Oke Ogun /Saki in the East and Iremo & Egbado axis in the south with Ijebu & Egba struggling to balance out power with Ibadan in the south.

The Ibadan, after just returning home from a protracted war, were sent to for help from Osogbo which was within their sphere of influence. They reluctantly went, engaged the Fulani and massacred them. They took this further by marching against Fulani further North at Odo Otin and rounded it up by placing Kwara south axis under Ibadan. A move to which Ilorin could do nothing about; Ibadan would have moved on Ilorin but the Yoruba there were collaborators who enjoyed their new identity.

Ibadan was so much of a single power bloc in Yoruba land that it controlled everything and became large. It was so large that Alaafin plotted with Ilorin and Ekiti Parapo for the downfall of Ibadan.

Abeg, let us endeavour to set History right. Oyo & Alaafin in post Oyo-Ile history of Yoruba is overrated and derived its bloated status from its friendship with Captain Ross the Britain who wanted to repeat the Sokoto style of indirect rule in Yoruba land.

smellingmenses:
another perspective. Ibadan was ended in the kiriji war... ask seunmsg

Shuku0kukobambi:
Ibadan ended in the kiriji war? How?

yemaldo:
warning:graphic content

EX 17:13 With the Lord's approval, Joshua mows
down Amalek and his people.
EX 21:20-21 With the Lord's approval, a slave
may be beaten to death with no punishment for
the perpetrator as long as the slave doesn't die
too quickly.
EX 32:27 "Put every man his sword by his side,
and go in and out from gate to gate throughout
the camp, and slay every man his brother, and
every man his companion, and every man his
neighbor.
EX 32:27-29 With the Lord's approval, the
Israelites slay 3000 men.
LE 26:7-8 The Lord promises the Israelites that, if
they are obedient, their enemies will "fall before
your sword."
LE 26:22 "I will also send wild beasts among you,
which shall rob you of your children."
LE 26:29 , DT 28:53 , JE 19:9 , EZ 5:8-10 As a
punishment, the Lord will cause people to eat the
flesh of their own sons and daughters and fathers
and friends.
LE 27:29 Human sacrifice is condoned. (Note: An
example is given in JG 11:30-39 )
NU 11:33 The Lord smites the people with a great
plague.
NU 12:1-10 God makes Miriam a leper for seven
days because she and Aaron had spoken against
Moses.
NU 15:32-36 A Sabbath breaker (who had
gathered sticks for a fire) is stoned to death at
the Lord's command.
NU 16:27-33 The Lord causes the earth to open
and swallow up the men and their households
(including wives and children) because the men
had been rebellious.
NU 16:35 A fire from the Lord consumes 250
men.
NU 16:49 A plague from the Lord kills 14,700
people.
NU 21:3 The Israelites utterly destroy the
Canaanites.
NU 21:6 Fiery serpents, sent by the Lord, kill
many Israelites.
NU 21:35 With the Lord's approval, the Israelites
slay Og "... and his sons and all his people, until
there was not one survivor left ...."
NU 25:4 (KJV) "And the Lord said unto Moses,
take all the heads of the people, and hang them
up before the Lord against the sun ...."
NU 25:8 "He went after the man of Israel into the
tent, and thrust both of them through, the man of
Israel, and the woman through her belly."
NU 25:9 24,000 people die in a plague from the
Lord.
NU 31:9 The Israelites capture Midianite women
and children.
NU 31:17-18 Moses, following the Lord's
command, orders the Israelites to kill all the
Midianite male children and "... every woman who
has known man ...." (Note: How would it be
determined which women had known men? One
can only speculate.)
NU 31:31-40 32,000 virgins are taken by the
Israelites as booty. Thirty-two are set aside (to
be sacrificed?) as a tribute for the Lord.
DT 2:33-34 The Israelites utterly destroy the men,
women, and children of Sihon.
DT 3:6 The Israelites utterly destroy the men,
women, and children of Og.
DT 7:2 The Lord commands the Israelites to
"utterly destroy" and show "no mercy" to those
whom he gives them for defeat.
DT 20:13-14 "When the Lord delivers it into your
hand, put to the sword all the males .... As for
the women, the children, the livestock and
everything else in the city, you may take these as
plunder for yourselves."
DT 20:16 "In the cities of the nations the Lord is
giving you as an inheritance, do not leave alive
anything that breathes."
DT 21:10-13 With the Lord's approval, the
Israelites are allowed to take "beautiful women"
from the enemy camp to be their captive wives.
If, after sexual relations, the husband has "no
delight" in his wife, he can simply let her go.
DT 28:53 "You will eat the fruit of the womb, the
flesh of the sons and daughters the Lord your
God has given you."
JS 1:1-9 , 18 Joshua receives the Lord's blessing
for all the bloody endeavors to follow.
JS 6:21-27 With the Lord's approval, Joshua
destroys the city of Jericho--men, women, and
children--with the edge of the sword.
JS 7:19-26 Achan, his children and his cattle are
stoned to death because Achan had taken a
taboo thing.
JS 8:22-25 With the Lord's approval, Joshua
utterly smites the people of Ai, killing 12,000 men
and women, so that there were none who
escaped.
JS 10:10-27 With the help of the Lord, Joshua
utterly destroys the Gibeonites.
JS 10:28 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly
destroys the people of Makkedah.
JS 10:30 With the Lord's approval, Joshua utterly
destroys the Libnahites.
JS 10:32-33 With the Lord's approval, Joshua
utterly destroys the people of Lachish.
JS 10:34-35 With the Lord's approval, Joshua
utterly destroys the Eglonites.
JS 10:36-37 With the Lord's approval, Joshua
utterly destroys the Hebronites.
JS 10:38-39 With the Lord's approval, Joshua
utterly destroys the Debirites.
JS 10:40 (A summary statement.) "So Joshua
defeated the whole land ...; he left none
remaining, but destroyed all that breathed, as the
Lord God of Israel commanded."
JS 11:6 The Lord orders horses to be hamstrung.
(Exceedingly cruel.)
JS 11:8-15 "And the lord gave them into the hand
of Israel, ...utterly destroying them; there was
none left that breathed ...."
JS 11:20 "For it was the Lord's doing to harden
their hearts that they should come against Israel
in battle, in order that they should be utterly
destroyed, and should receive no mercy but be
exterminated, as the Lord commanded Moses."
JS 11:21-23 Joshua utterly destroys the Anakim.
JG 1:4 With the Lord's support, Judah defeats
10,000 Canaanites at Bezek.
JG 1:6 With the Lord's approval, Judah pursues
Adoni-bezek, catches him, and cuts off his
thumbs and big toes.
JG 1:8 With the Lord's approval, Judah smites
Jerusalem.
JG 1:17 With the Lord's approval, Judah and
Simeon utterly destroy the Canaanites who
inhabited Zephath.
JG 3:29 The Israelites kill about 10,000 Moabites.
JG 3:31 (A restatement.) Shamgar killed 600
Philistines with an oxgoad.
JG 4:21 Jael takes a tent stake and hammers it
through the head of Sisera, fastening it to the
ground.
JG 7:19-25 The Gideons defeat the Midianites,
slay their princes, cut off their heads, and bring
the heads back to Gideon.
JG 8:15-21 The Gideons slaughter the men of
Penuel.
JG 9:5 Abimalech murders his brothers.
JG 9:45 Abimalech and his men
AC 13:11 Paul purposefully blinds a man (though
not permanently).

smellingmenses:
the ekiti parapo war was one defeat the ibadan never recovered from

Shuku0kukobambi:
I agree with you.

The rise and decline of empires is the only constant in history and oyo empire like the Greek, Akkadian, Roman Songhai, Mali, Benin all experienced it. Oro empire started her decline in the 18th century with the sacrilegious act by Alaafin Aole and Afonja seized the opportunity of the ensuing chaos, civil wars etc to assert his independence which resulted in the loss of Ilorin.

Ibadan rose up to the occasion when oyo was a shadow of its former self and pushed back the invading forces restricting them to Ilorin probably because the Afonja family were already estranged from mainstream yoruba. Also, by this time, European incursion into the western Sudan was in full swing and the feudal rulers they met have remained in place.

The writers are telling their own story through the lens of Oyo-Ile. It's interesting nonetheless

b3llo:
The war ain't yet over....