US election 2020: What is the electoral college?

The US presidential election will take place in less than 10 days. But it's possible the candidate with the most votes from the public won't be the winner.

This is because the president is not chosen directly by the voters, but what's known as the electoral college.


So who are Americans voting for?

When Americans go to the polls in presidential elections they're actually voting for a group of officials who make up the electoral college.

The word "college" here simply refers to a group of people with a shared task. These people are electors and their job is to choose the president and vice-president.

The electoral college meets every four years, a few weeks after election day, to carry out that task.

How does the electoral college work?
The number of electors from each state is roughly in line with the size of its population.

There are 538 electors in total.

California has the most electors - 55 - while a handful of sparsely populated states like Wyoming, Alaska and North Dakota (and Washington DC) have the minimum of three.

Each elector represents one electoral vote, and a candidate needs to gain a majority of the votes - 270 or more - to win the presidency.


Generally, states award all their electoral college votes to whoever won the poll of ordinary voters in the state.

For example, if the Republican candidate won 50.1% of the vote in Texas, they would be awarded all of the state's 38 electoral college votes.

There are only two states (Maine and Nebraska) which divide up their electoral college votes according to the proportion of votes each candidate receives.

This is why presidential candidates target specific "swing states" - states where the vote could go either way - rather than trying to win over as many voters as possible across the country.

Every state they win gets them closer to the 270 electoral college votes they need.


Can you win the public vote but not be president?
Yes, you can.

It is possible for candidates to be the most popular candidate among voters nationally, but still fail to win enough states to gain 270 electoral votes.

In fact, two out of the last five elections were won by candidates who had fewer votes from the general public than their rivals.

In 2016, Donald Trump had almost three million fewer votes than Hillary Clinton, but won the presidency because the electoral college gave him a majority.

George Bush in 2000
Republican candidate George W Bush won the 2000 election against Democrat Al Gore
In 2000, George W Bush won with 271 electoral votes, although Democrat candidate Al Gore won the popular vote by more than half a million.

Only three other presidents have been elected without winning the popular vote, all of them in the 19th Century: John Quincy Adams, Rutherford B Hayes and Benjamin Harrison.

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Why was the system chosen?
When the US constitution was being drawn up in 1787, a national popular vote to elect a president was practically impossible. This was because of the size of the country and the difficulty of communication.

At the same time, there was little enthusiasm for allowing the president to be chosen by lawmakers in the capital, Washington DC.

So, the framers of the constitution created the electoral college, with each state choosing electors.

Smaller states favoured the system as it gave them more of a voice than a nationwide popular vote to decide the president.

The electoral college was also favoured by southern states, where slaves made up a large portion of the population. Even though slaves didn't vote, they were counted in the US census (as three-fifths of a person).

Since the number of electoral votes was determined by the size of a state's population, southern states had more influence in electing a president than a direct public vote would have given them.

Each state has a certain number of votes in the electoral college
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Do electors have to vote for the candidate who won?
In some states, electors could vote for whichever candidate they prefer, regardless of who voters backed. But in practice, electors almost always vote for the candidate who wins the most votes in their state.

If an elector votes against their state's presidential pick, they are termed "faithless". In 2016, seven electoral college votes were cast this way, but no result has been changed by faithless electors.

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What happens if no candidate gets a majority?
The House of Representatives, the lower house of US lawmakers, will then vote to elect the president.

This has happened only once, when in 1824 four candidates split the electoral vote, denying any one of them a majority.

With two parties dominating the US system, this is unlikely to happen today.

The electoral college is a foolish things what's the need for the messes voting if the president will be decided by the electorate

Hmm

In Biden we trust, America will be great again.

Abfinest007:
The electoral college is no more

Where did you read that from?

Afamed:

Where did you read that from?

trump put a stop to it when he came to power

Righteousness89:
IN GOD WE TRUST!!
All we Know is Trump is President and is Re-elected President..

God is not hypocrite

Abfinest007:
trump put a stop to it when he came to power

This is why I don't engage most of you here on Nairaland.
Trump singlehandedly put a stop to Electoral college that is in-built in America Electoral Constitution/ system?
Who has done this to typical lazy IPoB youths?

Abfinest007:
trump put a stop to it when he came to power

Are you an IPOB yoot, I mean Nnamdi Cownu disciple?

We go soon start am too for nigeria

CilicMarin:


Are you an IPOB yoot, I mean Nnamdi Cownu disciple?

Truly the fugitive Nnamdi has really done harms than good to his gullible followers

EC

Abfinest007:
The electoral college is no more because trump strap it

Pls don't derail this informative thread with your lies

How I wish Nigeria can adopt the American system, maybe we wouldn't have had a VP Sambo nor President Buhari.
Bribery and self-interest will never allow such to work. No need for populace vote buying, just buy the electors for about 20m, gbam, you have their vote.

OlujobaSamuel:
How I wish Nigeria can adopt the American system, maybe we wouldn't have had a VP Sambo nor President Buhari.
Bribery and self-interest will never allow such to work. No need for populace vote buying, just buy the electors for about 20m, gbam, you have their vote.

It still has its disadvantage. The electoral college does not represent the popular votes.
For example Hilary Clinton got over 2m votes ahead of Trump yet she didn't meet the college votes

Righteousness89:


Sir ,Irrespective of what you say, feel or think it's inconsequential!

Many of you are being Brainwashed!
Propaganda is Real!
Media has Brainwashed many of you!

Irrespective of all that!
The BOSS above us all is in Charge!!
What GOD Has Determined! That shall be Done!

Trump is President!
Trump is Re-elected..

The joke is on you.
This is not the first time ,we will be hearing this kind of story from Apostle Paul like una

Newyork Post Endorses Trump !!!!!

Can we say Biden is heading to become Resident in Delaware Nursing home

If it was Nigeria, the politicians will simply reserve 10bn naira to bribe the electors. In fact, there will be crises in choosing electors

Abfinest007:
trump put a stop to it when he came to power

Lol
Wetin Nnamdi Kalu don use una brain do

Righteousness89:


Sir ,Irrespective of what you say, feel or think it's inconsequential!

Many of you are being Brainwashed!
Propaganda is Real!
Media has Brainwashed many of you!

Irrespective of all that!
The BOSS above us all is in Charge!!
What GOD Has Determined! That shall be Done!

Trump is President!
Trump is Re-elected..

gbagam! if he is not ok with it let him enter america and vote his choice rather than constituting nuisance.

In other words it's not entirely a democracy and they still use a system that racism partly created.

Righteousness89:


Sir ,Irrespective of what you say, feel or think it's inconsequential!

Many of you are being Brainwashed!
Propaganda is Real!
Media has Brainwashed many of you!

Irrespective of all that!
The BOSS above us all is in Charge!!
What GOD Has Determined! That shall be Done!

Trump is President!
Trump is Re-elected..

You were there with God as He determined it right?

tufaze:
If it was Nigeria, the politicians will simply reserve 10bn naira to bribe the electors. In fact, there will be crises in choosing electors

You still don't get how the Electoral college work.
. Electoral college still don't have power of their own. The power to elect the President lies with the citizens.
Just you have to win states with higher population/ college vote.