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Newborn babies undergoing a painful heel prick blood test have a reduced response to the pain signals in their brains if they are held by a parent with skin-to-skin contact, according to new research published on Thursday.



Scientists who studied brain activity in 27 babies aged up to three months as they had the heel jab found that those held in clothes or blankets were not as soothed – suggesting skin-to-skin touch is crucial.

“While we cannot confirm whether the baby actually feels less pain, our findings reinforce the important role of touch between parents and their newborn babies,” said Lorenzo Fabrizi, a doctor at University College London who co-led the research.

“When a baby is held by their parent with skin-on-skin contact, the higher-level brain processing in response to pain is somewhat dampened.”

In the study, published in the European Journal of Pain, Fabrizi’s team found that the initial brain response to the pain was the same whether the parental touch was skin-to-skin, or through clothing.

But as the heel prick elicited a series of four to five waves of brain activity, they said, the later waves of activity were lessened in babies held skin-to-skin.

“Parents and clinicians have known for many years how important skin to skin care is for babies,” said Judith Meek, a UCL doctor who co-led the research. “Now we have been able to demonstrate that this has a solid neurophysiological basis, which is an exciting discovery.”

source: http://sutured.com/parental-touch-soothes-pain-signals-in-babies-brains/
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You are worried about your mother. Before the pandemic, you would visit her every week with your young children. They loved playing in her garden and eating homemade cookies together. You would take your mother to medical appointments and on small excursions. However, due to her chronic lung disease, you made the difficult decision in March not to continue in-person family visits. You call her daily, but she sounds increasingly sad and worried. What can you do?

What is loneliness and how does it affect health?
Loneliness is a subjective mental state of feeling disconnected from others. It is different from social isolation — you can be lonely even when surrounded by people you care about. Loneliness can be triggered by memories of losing someone, by feeling misunderstood by others, through having emotionally unsatisfying relationships, or by having less access to relationships due to changing life circumstances. According to studies, loneliness is one of the greatest health concerns people face: it is equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes daily, it appears to be worse for your health than obesity, and it may increase your risk of death by 29%.

Loneliness and suicide
It does not seem surprising that reports of both loneliness and suicide have increased dramatically in recent years. According to a recent survey, more than three out of five Americans now consider themselves lonely. Data from the federal government show that the rates of suicide have increased more than one-third from 1999 through 2018. Although studies have not determined whether loneliness causes suicidality, they have demonstrated an association between loneliness and suicidal thoughts and behaviors that are independent of depression. Alarmingly, gun sales in the United States have skyrocketed since March 2020. With lockdowns and stay-at-home orders increasing social isolation, decreasing loneliness should be a public health priority. If unaddressed, loneliness may contribute to a firearms-related suicide crisis.

Tips for conquering loneliness
So what can you do to prevent loneliness and help a loved one? Although we do not have enough data to identify the most effective loneliness interventions, the following principles may help guide you and your loved ones and should be used daily:

- Connect meaningfully with family and friends. Although technology can help foster connections, it is imperfect: social media, for example, has actually been linked to increasing loneliness. Connect in a way that works best for you: whether by phone, via video chat, through a mobile application, or even by talking with your neighbors across the fence or in a park.
- Be thankful. Loneliness can lead people to focus on themselves and their hardships. Aim to express appreciation toward friends, family, and strangers.
- Focus on what you can change. Spending time dwelling on your current situation can perpetuate loneliness; rather, focus your attention on something within your control and work at it.
- Enjoy being busy. Complete a chore, spend time writing, find a new hobby, or just allow yourself to delve into a new activity. Let your creativity shine!
- Remove negativity. Surround yourself with people and activities that bring you joy. Consider taking a break from the news, or at least limiting your consumption.
- Data suggest that just the act of smiling can make you feel better.
- Be kind, understanding, and patient. Work on treating yourself and others with compassion. Engaging in pleasurable interactions can also help those around you, and may result in deeper connections.
- Develop a routine that provides balance and familiarity. Create a daily plan that includes physical activity, time for connecting with loved ones, a project or hobby, and a relaxing pleasure.

source: http://sutured.com/how-can-you-help-a-loved-one-suffering-from-loneliness/
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Russia said on Wednesday the first batch of the world’s first COVID-19 vaccine would be rolled out within two weeks and rejected as “groundless” safety concerns aired by some experts over Moscow’s rapid approval of the drug.

The vaccine, called “Sputnik V” in homage to the world’s first satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, has yet to complete its final trials and some scientists said they feared Moscow may be putting national prestige before safety.

“It seems our foreign colleagues are sensing the specific competitive advantages of the Russian drug and are trying to express opinions that in our opinion are completely groundless,” Health Minister Mikhail Murashko said the day after President Vladimir Putin announced it had won regulatory approval.

On the streets of Moscow, some Russians said they would be too scared to try the vaccine, while others agreed with their government that scepticism expressed by foreign experts was driven by jealousy.

“I don’t trust Russian vaccines in general, I definitely won’t get vaccinated,” said Ekaterina Sabadash, 36, speaking outside Moscow’s Bolshoi Theatre.

Alexander, a photographer, was also wary. “Until it goes through (final) clinical trials and we get some confirmed results, I would be scared to get it done,” he said.

Others said they understood why Russia was in a hurry to get a new vaccine and trusted it, but doubted they would really have a say in whether to have it.

“I’m a teacher and they’ll recommend we get it,” said Irina Fashchevskaya, a Moscow resident. “We’ll be forced to do it.”

Officials have said that the vaccine, developed by Moscow’s Gamaleya Institute, would be administered to people, including doctors, on a voluntary basis in the final trial. Mass roll-out in Russia is expected to start in October.

Scientists from Germany the United States and Britain have queried the wisdom of approving the vaccine before testing is complete, saying it was risky from a safety point of view.

Kirill Dmitriev, head of Russia’s RDIF sovereign wealth fund, has spoken of an information war against his country, an assertion that finds sympathy with Russians weary of what they regard as years of Western condescension.

Mikhail Mechyov, a 42-year-old Moscow resident, said he saw jealousy behind Western warnings.

“It’s natural to be cautious, but they are aimed at belittling the achievement of our country,” he said. “I think a lot has been done and it’s great there is a vaccine.”

RUSSIAN WARNING
The Moscow-based Association of Clinical Trials Organizations (ACTO), a trade body representing the world’s top drugmakers in Russia, had urged the health ministry to postpone the vaccine’s approval until the final trial had been completed.

“It’s the ambition, the desire to be first in a field in which, unfortunately, Russia cannot vie for a top spot,” executive director Svetlana Zavidova told Reuters.

“Our task is now to warn the population because we so far don’t understand how they (the authorities) are going to carry out mass vaccination.”

Final trials, normally carried out on thousands of participants, are considered essential in determining safety and efficacy. Only about 10% of clinical trials are successful.

The Philippines and Kazakhstan have expressed interest in the vaccine, while a senior World Health Organization says it has not received enough information to evaluate it.

Roman, a taxi driver in the Vladimir region, invoked a conspiracy theory to explain why he would be avoiding it.

“It’s all about a global plan to put microchips into people being pushed by Bill Gates. I have zero trust,” he said.

Heidi Larson, who leads the Vaccine Confidence Project (VCP), a global surveillance programme on vaccine trust, said she feared Russia’s rush could further dent public trust.

A survey in 19 countries, carried out by VCP and Business Partners to CONVINCE, a U.S./UK initiative that is partly government funded, is set to show that Russians were the least trusting of vaccines.

Putin, who said the vaccine had already been administered to one of his daughters without any problems, and a string of other officials have insisted it is safe.

source: http://sutured.com/russia-says-medics-to-get-anti-covid-shots-in-two-weeks/
more: http://sutured.com/

A teenage girl “will never have hair again” after she was attacked by two pit bulls without provocation and they ripped off most of her scalp and one of her ears.


Joslyn Stinchcomb, 15, was walking in her neighbourhood of Winder, Atlanta on July 31 when the dogs, who seem to have been out unleashed with their owner, began chasing her.

The dogs mauled Joselyn, with one tearing her scalp and the other digging into her neck.


A local deputy rushed to the scene after receiving a witness’ report of the mauling, and found Joslyn lying face down on the curb with one dog biting her neck and the other biting her head.

When the officer emerged from his car, one of the dogs approached him and he shot it. Wounded, it ran away followed by the second dog.


“She was coming around the cul-de-sac and the dogs just attacked, no provocation at all,”

“Gruesome attack. Very tragic for this young lady and her family.” Barrow County Sheriff Jud Smith told WSB-TV2.

Their owner Alexandria Torregrossa, 29, has been arrested for reckless conduct.


“She was charged with reckless conduct, two dogs running at large, two counts of biting and attacking.

Joslyn was flown by helicopter to hospital where her trachea was found to have been badly damaged. She remains in intensive care on a ventilator.

Her aunt has described the girl’s gruesome injuries in a heart-wrenching Facebook post.

“Those murderous dogs also grabbed her hair hard enough to pull her entire scalp off,” Charity Stinchcomb Montgomery said.

“She only has a small portion of skin left on her head.

“At this moment she does not have any hair left. She will never have her hair again. She is aware that her hair is missing.


“In addition, they ripped her left ear off. The doctors have reattached the ear, but they are not sure if it is viable. Only time will tell. Nor do they know if she will be able hear out of that ear.”

Joslyn also suffered lacerations to the face that caused nerve damage which may affect her ability to smile and blink in future.

“I am so overwhelmed at the outpouring of love, support and prayers that we are receiving for J and there is so much that we still have not shared publicly,” her aunt said.

“Our beautiful girl is struggling physically and emotionally.”

Both dogs have been euthanised following the attack.

source: http://sutured.com/teenager-will-never-have-hair-again-after-two-pit-bulls-attacked-her-and-ripped-off-most-of-her-scalp-and-one-of-her-ears/
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Hackers backed by the Russian state are trying to steal COVID-19 vaccine and treatment research from academic and pharmaceutical institutions around the world, Britain’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) said on Thursday.



A co-ordinated statement from Britain, the United States and Canada attributed the attacks to group APT29, also known as ‘Cozy Bear’, which they said was almost certainly operating as part of Russian intelligence services.

“We condemn these despicable attacks against those doing vital work to combat the coronavirus pandemic,” said NCSC Director of Operations, Paul Chichester.

The NCSC said in a statement the group’s attacks were ongoing and used a variety of tools and techniques, including spear-phishing and custom malware.

“APT29 is likely to continue to target organisations involved in COVID-19 vaccine research and development, as they seek to answer additional intelligence questions relating to the pandemic,” the NCSC statement said.

Britain and the United States said in May that networks of hackers were targeting national and international organisations responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. But such attacks have not previously been explicitly connected to the Russian state.

The Russian government-linked group Cozy Bear is widely suspected of hacking the Democratic Party ahead of the 2016 U.S. election.

source: http://sutured.com/russia-trying-to-hack-and-steal-covid-19-vaccine-data-says-britain/
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African countries must carry out more coronavirus testing and make people use masks, a regional disease control body said on Thursday as cases topped half a million in the continent.

New cases in Africa were up 24% over the past week, with data from governments and the World Health Organization showing it had 512,499 confirmed COVID-19 cases, with 11,930 deaths.

“The pandemic is gaining full momentum,” John Nkengasong, head of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), told a virtual news briefing from Addis Ababa.

Nkengasong said African countries, many of which do not have reliable data, must adopt an aggressive approach to encourage the wearing of face masks and ramp up testing and tracing.

“This will save lives and save (the) economy.”

Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, and Algeria account for 71% of infections on the continent, Nkengasong said.

Some governments have been reluctant to acknowledge epidemics or to expose crumbling health systems to outside scrutiny, while others are either too poor or conflict-ridden to carry out significant testing.

Nkengasong said it was inevitable that as cases rise, hospitals will become overwhelmed.

“That is something that is happening already. We will continue to see it as the pandemic expands,” he added.

Although many have also started gradually easing lockdowns to reopen hard-hit economies, governments are conscious that opening up too quickly could lead to a spike in new cases.

The African Union Commission said on Thursday it had launched a consortium for vaccine clinical trials to be headed by the Africa CDC, which aimed to secure more than 10 late stage vaccine clinical trials as early as possible.

South Africa and Egypt are already running human trials for a potential vaccine.

Source: http://sutured.com/africa-urged-to-test-more-as-coronavirus-cases-exceed-500000/
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The United Nations Health Agency, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has revealed the organization is analyzing dexamethasone, a steroid that scientists from the United Kingdom (UK) say can save the lives of critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Scientists from the University of Oxford, UK, announced on Tuesday that they had found dexamethasone cured patients critically ill with Coronavirus.

Reacting to the latest discovery, WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus says an in-depth analysis of the drug will be carried out before issuing clinical guidance on how and when the drug should be used.

Dr Tedros in a statement on Wednesday said;

“This is a welcome news. I congratulate the Government of the United Kingdom, University of Oxford, the research groups, hospitals, patients and families who have collectively contributed to this lifesaving breakthrough.

“WHO looks forward to learning more about the dexamethasone study. This is the first treatment to be shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen or ventilator support.

“There are many ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19, including the Solidarity Trial launched by WHO and partners. It is hoped that more treatments under clinical evaluation will result in improving patient outcomes and save lives.

“While we are searching for COVID-19 treatments, we must continue strong efforts to prevent as many infections as possible by finding, isolating, testing and caring for every case; and tracing and quarantining every contact.”

source: http://sutured.com/were-analysing-new-covid-19-miracle-drug-its-a-welcome-news-who/
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As India’s health system grapples with the coronavirus, doctors are increasingly going online to consult with patients suffering less critical or chronic diseases, while the south Asian economy prepares to emerge from a nationwide lockdown.



To head off a rush at clinics and an accompanying risk of infection, many doctors are turning to video calls and WhatsApp chats, in addition to regular telephone calls, to treat patients suffering from illnesses such as diabetes or kidney conditions.

“There is a lockdown, patients cannot come, but the disease will not wait,” said Sushila Kataria, the director of internal medicine at Medanta Hospital in Gurugram near New Delhi.

Kataria said she had started treating nearly 80% of patients online, with physical check-ups limited only to urgent cases.

Despite one of the world’s strictest lockdowns since late March, India’s tally of virus infections stands at more than 165,000, with 4,706 deaths.

The spread has overwhelmed many hospitals, already grappling with a shortage of beds and doctors, diverting attention from non-virus patients and those with chronic illness.

With its health system overstretched even in normal times, India issued telemedicine guidelines in a push for internet consultations.



Patients could go online to book appointments and make advance payments, with free follow-up consultations, even before the pandemic, but now it is helping to formalise the process.

General physician Devendra Taneja said an emergency video call cost the most, with calls scheduled in advance cheaper and fees for a phone call lower still, while a WhatsApp chat was the cheapest.

Treatment from home reassures some, such as Pradeep Kumar Malhotra, a 69-year-old patient of Taneja’s who recently had spinal chord surgery.

“One is actually afraid to go and see a doctor,” Malhotra said. “We might catch infection from the hospital. That is a big problem.”

Yet doctors must struggle with poor network connections and find ways to build patient trust.

Being unable to perform physical examinations of pregnant patients could be frustrating, said gynaecologist Mukta Kapila, adding, “Not being able to provide the healing touch at this time makes you feel a little incomplete as a doctor.”

source: http://sutured.com/indian-doctors-go-online-to-treat-patients-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/
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Mike Ryan, the Executive director of the World Health Organization health emergency program, has said that just like HIV, the novel Coronavirus may never go away.

HIV/AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the United States and almost 40 years after, no vaccine or cure has been developed for the virus which has so far killed nearly a million people.

Ryan while speaking in an online briefing today May 13, said the virus may just become one of the known viruses that kills people annually around the world.

“This virus just may become another endemic virus in our communities and this virus may never go away. HIV hasn’t gone away. I’m not comparing the two diseases but I think it is important that we’re realistic. I don’t think anyone can predict when or if this disease will disappear.

I think there are no promises in this and there are no dates. This disease may settle into a long problem, or it may not be” Ryan said

source: http://sutured.com/just-like-hiv-covid-19-may-never-go-away-who-chief-mike-ryan/
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A woman's breast tissues started to rot and smell like dying flesh after a botched breast reduction surgery.

In a preview clip for Monday night's episode of the series Botched, the woman, named Esmeralda, describes how she was left with a "hole" in each of her breasts after her doctor spent six months cutting out the decaying flesh.

"I've seen a lot of breast reductions, and I've seen a lot of complications from them, but this is the worst complication from a breast reduction I have ever seen," Dr. Terry Dubrow said.

Speaking with plastic surgeon Dr. Dubrow and his partner Dr. Paul Nassif, Esmeralda explains how she decided to have a breast reduction at the age of 18 because her DDD breasts were causing her back pain.

Esmeralda, who was joined by her mother and sister, says she started to get worried shortly after her surgery when she started to smell something rotting.

She says: "The smell was coming through my shirt. That's when I started to panic. I feel like we know what a dead body smells like now."

"The tissue looked like it was dying," her mom adds.

Esmeralda says her doctor assured her that they could fix it, and each time she saw him, he would cut deeper and deeper into her flesh to remove the dead skin.

She recalls: "For six months, I would go up to see him up to three times a week just so he could cut off the dead skin until it turned [into] like flesh, open flesh, but it was deep.

Dr Dubrow then asks Esmeralda if her doctor never sent her to a wound care center and she responds, stating that her original doctor had only treated her himself.

Dr. Dubrow was appalled by her first doctor's approach, adding that he had wasted precious time.
'If you have tissue necrosis and tissue loss, and you need to treat it by surgical removal, you have to do it very aggressively and very quickly,' he says in his testimonial. he said

source: http://sutured.com/woman-is-left-with-rotting-breasts-that-smelled-like-decayed-flesh-after-a-botched-surgery-graphic-photos/
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Japan will fast-track a review of Gilead Sciences Inc’s antiviral drug remdesivir so that it can hopefully be approved for domestic COVID-19 patients a week after the U.S. firm’s filing for such approval, the health minister said on Saturday.

Health Minister Katsunobu Kato’s comment comes after remdesivir was granted emergency use authorization by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for COVID-19 on Friday.

“I’ve heard that Gilead Sciences will file for approval (in Japan) within days,” Kato told reporters. “I issued an instruction so that we will be ready to approve it within a week or so.”

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said on Friday he was leaning towards extending Japan’s state of emergency, due to expire on May 6, for a month as experts said coronavirus restrictions should remain in place until the number of cases falls further.

Japan has confirmed nearly 15,000 cases and 517 deaths from COVID-19, according to an NHK tally.

Tokyo, the capital, saw a decline in daily reported cases since hitting a peak of 201 on April 17, with further falls into double digits this week, but the numbers jumped back far above 100 on Friday and Saturday.

The Nikkei business daily has said although Gilead planned to distribute enough doses to cover 140,000 patients worldwide, Japan would not receive enough for all its patients in need.

No one was immediately available for comment at Gilead’s Japanese unit.

Remdesivir, which previously failed as a treatment for Ebola, is being tried against COVID-19 because it is designed to disable the mechanism by which certain viruses, including the coronavirus, make copies of themselves and potentially overwhelm their host’s immune system.

source: http://sutured.com/japan-aims-to-fast-track-review-of-anti-viral-drug-remdesivir/
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The next time you have a check-up, don’t be surprised if your doctor hands you a prescription to walk. Yes, this simple activity that you’ve been doing since you were about a year old is now being touted as “the closest thing we have to a wonder drug,” in the words of Dr. Thomas Frieden, former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


Of course, you probably know that any physical activity, including walking, is a boon to your overall health. But walking in particular comes with a host of benefits. Here’s a list of five that may surprise you.

1. It counteracts the effects of weight-promoting genes. Harvard researchers looked at 32 obesity-promoting genes in over 12,000 people to determine how much these genes actually contribute to body weight. They then discovered that, among the study participants who walked briskly for about an hour a day, the effects of those genes were cut in half.

2. It helps tame a sweet tooth. A pair of studies from the University of Exeter found that a 15-minute walk can curb cravings for chocolate and even reduce the amount of chocolate you eat in stressful situations. And the latest research confirms that walking can reduce cravings and intake of a variety of sugary snacks.

3. It reduces the risk of developing breast cancer. Researchers already know that any kind of physical activity blunts the risk of breast cancer. But an American Cancer Society study that zeroed in on walking found that women who walked seven or more hours a week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer than those who walked three hours or fewer per week. And walking provided this protection even for the women with breast cancer risk factors, such as being overweight or using supplemental hormones.

4. It eases joint pain. Several studies have found that walking reduces arthritis-related pain, and that walking five to six miles a week can even prevent arthritis from forming in the first place. Walking protects the joints — especially the knees and hips, which are most susceptible to osteoarthritis — by lubricating them and strengthening the muscles that support them.

5. It boosts immune function. Walking can help protect you during cold and flu season. A study of over 1,000 men and women found that those who walked at least 20 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week, had 43% fewer sick days than those who exercised once a week or less. And if they did get sick, it was for a shorter duration, and their symptoms were milder.

source: http://sutured.com/5-surprising-benefits-of-walking/
more: http://sutured.com/blog/

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Police in Peru on Sunday arrested a Chinese citizen for illegally conducting rapid COVID-19 tests on the public with newly-delivered kits stolen from Peru’s health ministry.
Tianxing Zhang, 36, was arrested in the Brena district of Lima as he was about to take samples from two women at the door of their house, police said.

He “was proceeding to carry out rapid tests for COVID-19 with kits that he had stolen” from the Lima Sur health authority where he worked, according to a police statement. Zhang was wearing a mask and a light blue medical apron at the time of his arrest by the state security police.

Both women had paid him to carry out a rapid home test, without health ministry approval.
“When questioned, he acknowledged he was not authorized to carry out this rapid test and that the Rapid Diagnostic Tests had been stolen from the Directorate of Integrated Health Network of Lima Sur where he had worked,” the police said.

According to the police, the bespectacled Zhang confessed to stealing two batches of the test to use, for monetary gain, on people who suspected they were ill with the coronavirus.

Police found a backpack with 25 COVID-19 tests and other medical supplies at his home, according to AFP.

source: http://sutured.com/peru-police-arrest-chinese-man-for-illegal-covid-19-testing/
more: http://sutured.com/blog/

The Trump administration views May 1 as a target date for relaxing stay-at-home restrictions across the United States, Food and Drug Administration Commissioner Stephen Hahn said on Sunday, but he cautioned that it was still too early to say that target would be met.

“We see light at the end of the tunnel,” he told ABC’s “This Week.” However, there were many factors to take into account in finally determining when it would be safe to lift restrictions, he said.

Source: http://sutured.com/u-s-officials-hopeful-about-may-1-target-date-for-reopening-u-s/
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China has confirmed two cases of African swine fever in northwestern Gansu province, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said on Thursday.

One outbreak occurred in a co-operative that had bought piglets from another province, while the second case was detected in a truck transporting piglets from elsewhere.

Swine fever has already decimated China’s huge hog herd and continues to spread, posing high risks for farms that are urgently trying to restock farms with young pigs.

source: http://sutured.com/china-reports-new-african-swine-fever-cases-in-gansu-province/
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U.S. researchers, following the lead of scientists in other countries, have launched studies to see whether widely-available, low-cost generic drugs can be used to help treat the illness caused by the new coronavirus.

There are currently no vaccines or treatments for the highly-contagious COVID-19 respiratory illness, so patients can only receive supportive care for now.

But a 1,500-person trial, led by the University of Minnesota, began this week to see whether malaria treatment hydroxychloroquine can prevent or reduce the severity of COVID-19. Two other trials are studying the blood pressure drug losartan as a possible treatment for the disease.

The malaria drug, also being tested in China, Australia and France, was touted earlier this week by Tesla (TSLA.O) Chief Executive Elon Musk, who recovered from malaria in 2000 after taking the medication.

Besides having a direct antiviral effect, hydroxychloroquine suppresses the production and release of proteins involved in the inflammatory complications of several viral diseases.

“We are trying to leverage the science to see if we can do something in addition to minimizing contacts,” said Dr. Jakub Tolar, dean of the University of Minnesota Medical School and vice president for clinical affairs. “Results are likely in weeks, not months.”




Most people infected with the new coronavirus develop only mild flu-like symptoms, but around 20 percent can have more severe disease that can lead to pneumonia requiring hospitalization.

The fast-spreading virus, which emerged in China in December and is now in more than 150 countries, has infected more than 214,000 and killed over 8,700 people worldwide, including at least 145 in the United States. Experts say it could take a year or more to have a preventive vaccine ready, so effective treatments are desperately needed.

A French team on Tuesday said initial results from a 24-patient trial of hydroxychloroquine showed that 25% of patients given the drug still carried the coronavirus after six days, compared with 90% of patients given a placebo.

Tolar said he bought 1,500 doses of hydroxychloroquine for a “laughable” amount of money. “We don’t need a multibillion-dollar investment. It is part of the beauty of this approach,” he said.

But he and others cautioned that people should not be using any prescription drugs without medical oversight.

“These treatments should be used only in hospitals by critical care specialists,” said Dr. Russel Buhr, critical care pulmonologist at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Also this week, the University of Minnesota launched two trials testing losartan - one to measure whether the hypertension drug reduces the risk of organ failure for COVID-19 patients who have been hospitalized, and another looking at whether the drug can limit the need for hospitalizations.

Losartan is an angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) blocker, which researchers say could play a role in blocking an enzyme used by the virus to bind to cells.

Pharmaceutical companies are also working to develop treatments for COVID-19, including Gilead Sciences Inc’s (GILD.O) experimental antiviral drug remdesivir, which is given to hospitalized patients via intravenous infusion over several days.

The New England Journal of Medicine earlier this month described how the drug was successfully used on the first patient infected by the novel coronavirus in the United States.

Results from a remdesivir trial in China could come early next month, while Gilead has begun two international trials of the drug that previously failed as a potential Ebola treatment. And the National Institutes of Health last month began testing it on patients in a U.S. trial.

“We are focusing on high risk patients,” said Dr. Andre Kalil, infectious disease specialist at the University of Nebraska Medical Center and the U.S. trial’s lead investigator. “Our hope is that remdesivir will show that patients will be improving faster.”

Companies including Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc (REGN.O), Eli Lilly and Co (LLY.N) and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co (4502.T) have begun to develop coronavirus treatment candidates, but human testing of their drugs has not yet started.


Anti-inflammatory drugs, like Regeneron’s Kevzara and Roche Holding AG’s (ROG.S) Actemra, have been used to treat the lung inflammation caused by COVID-19.

But in a disappointment, Chinese investigators reported this week that Kaletra, a combination HIV drug sold by AbbVie (ABBV.N), failed to improve outcomes for seriously ill COVID-19 patients.

Source: http://sutured.com/two-generic-drugs-being-tested-in-u-s-in-race-to-find-coronavirus-treatments/
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Australian researchers claim they've found a cure for novel coronavirus, COVID-19 after patients they tested responded 'very well' to treatment after patients they tested responded 'very well'.

The researchers at the University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research believe two drugs may eradicate coronavirus entirely.

According to the researchers, the first drug is a medication used to suppress HIV, while the other is an anti-malaria treatment known as chloroquine.

Professor David Paterson, an infectious diseases physician disclosed that the patients will likely enroll in a clinical trial of both drugs by the end of March.

He said that it wouldn't be wrong to consider the drugs a possible 'treatment or cure' for the deadly respiratory infection.

Professor Paterson also confirmed that one of the medications was given to some of the patients, who were first identified as carriers in Australia, and appeared to lead to the 'disappearance of the virus'.

He told news.com.au it's a 'potentially effective treatment' that should be considered for a large scale medical trial immediately.

'What we want to do at the moment is a large clinical trial across Australia, looking at 50 hospitals, and what we're going to compare is one drug, versus another drug, versus the combination of the two drugs.'

'That first wave of Chinese patients we had (in Australia), they all did very, very well when they were treated with the HIV drug,' Professor Paterson said.

Professor Paterson has launched a fundraising appeal alongside the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital to raise money to support the clinical trials. The Coronavirus Action Fund hopes to raise $750,000.


source: http://sutured.com/australian-researchers-claim-two-drugs-including-chloroquine-could-cure-covid-19-after-patients-they-tested-responded-very-well-to-treatment/
more: http://sutured.com/blog/

The novel coronavirus is an unprecedented threat. We don’t know how bad it will be or for how long it will spread, but we do know that it has already infected more than 118,000 people around the world — and probably many times that number, killed more than 4,000 people and caused serious global economic damage. We need to adapt our responses to different countries and different parts of the same country in order to limit damage. Using data well is essential to an effective response.

A business that markets a product that no one buys stops making it. If lots of people buy, you make more. Government doesn’t have sales figures to go by; public decisions have to be based on other data.

We lack crucial information about the new virus. Here are three areas where we need more data :

- How is the virus spreading? How much do asymptomatic cases spread disease? Are contaminated surfaces important sources of spread?
- How deadly is the virus? Reported fatality rates likely overestimate death rates because there are many undiagnosed cases.
- What works to limit spread? For example, since children don’t appear to get ill, even if infected, they may not be important sources of infection — so school closures may have limited value.

We learn more every day. We will be able to reduce infections, save lives, and limit damage to society if we rapidly collect, analyze and use data.
Here are three relevant examples of how public health specialists used data to respond to the Ebola epidemic.

Rapid response. In Liberia, a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention team, working with national counterparts, recognized that a one-week delay in response allowed a cluster of cases to spread widely for months. They designed RITE —Rapid Isolation and Treatment of Ebola— to respond to new cases within days,even in remote areasof the country. This strategy mopped up clusters around the country andhelped endthe epidemic. The coronavirus may not be able to be controlled in that way, but experience from Wuhan, which didn’t respond rapidly, compared with the rest of China, which did, suggests that a rapid response will reduce cases and save lives. Key lesson: act fast, including by stopping large public gatherings, when the virus first starts to spread.

Support quarantined communities. In Guinea, community resistance to the unfamiliar actions needed to quell Ebola — particularly burial without touching the body and hospitalization in treatment units families could not visit — led to continued spread of the virus and violence against health workers. Eventually, the government established an innovativemicro-cerclage— micro-encirclement — approach. Rather than seal a community off, public health officials engaged community leaders, provided services including food and primary health care, and allowed people entry and exit while collecting their phone numbers and tracking their movement. We knew the strategy was a success when communities that didn’t have Ebola cases requested their own micro-cerclage. Key lesson: support communities.

Understand community culture. Also in Guinea, aquick and revealing analysisdetermined that the Ebola cases most likely to transmit disease to others were patients who had died: their contacts were three times more likely to get Ebola than contacts of people who had survived. Furthermore, the supposedly safe burial programs weren’t working: contacts of deceased patients who had been “safely” buried were no less likely to get Ebola. This confirmed the observation of field teams that, because of longstanding cultural practices, families had lovingly washed and dressed the bodies of patients who had died before calling a burial team. Key lesson: work with culture, not against it.

Data is key to all effective public health programs. In New York City, when weraised tobacco taxesand made all indoor public places smoke-free, smoking rates declined at first but then the decline stalled. Because we had a tracking system in place, we realized that progress had stalled and added hard-hitting anti-tobacco ads to the mix. Our programsquickly reduced adultand teen smoking, preventing more than 100,000 deaths.

Every country facing the coronavirus pandemic needs to strengthen systems to track diseases, confirm diagnoses through a strong laboratory network, investigate expertly and respond rapidly and effectively. Fast action that supports communities and works with cultural norms in the US and globally will save lives and save money. But building the capacity to do this isn’t free, and in the dozens of low- and middle-income countries where nearly 4 billion people live, it will cost approximately $1 to $2 per person per year for at least 10 years — at least $30 billion. That’s a lot of money for public health, but it’s a tiny fraction of the amount lost by not knowing what we need to know about health threats, when we need to know them.
Getting the data right is rarely quick and never easy, but it is always crucially important if we want to respond effectively, limit spread, save lives and protect our communities and economy.

source: http://sutured.com/lessons-from-ebola-the-secret-of-successful-epidemic-response/
more: http://sutured.com/

Thailand reports four new coronavirus cases, bringing its total to 47 since January, Suwanchai Wattanayingcharoen, director-general of the Department of Disease Control said in a news conference on Thursday.

The new cases include a 29 year-old Italian man who arrived in Thailand on March 1 and was diagnosed with the virus at a hospital in Chonburi province on March 2.

The second case is a 42 year-old Thai male office worker who returned from Italy on March 2 and was diagnosed with the virus on March 3 in a Chonburi hospital.

The third is a 22 year-old Chinese male student who was screened with symptoms while in transit at Bangkok’s Suvarnabhumi Airport while traveling from Iran to China.

The fourth case is a 20 year-old Thai male student who arrived from Iran on Feb. 27 and was diagnosed with the virus in the southern Nakhon Si Thammarat province on March 2.

Thailand has recorded one coronavirus fatality, 31 patients have recovered and returned home, while 15 are still being treated in hospitals.

source: http://sutured.com/thailand-reports-four-new-coronavirus-cases-total-47/
more: http://sutured.com/

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Africa is free of coronavirus as the first suspected case in Egypt has tested negative for the deadly virus.



The announcement was made by the Egyptian Health Ministry and the World Health Organization (WHO) on Wednesday February 19, barely 48 hours after the foreigner was admitted to a specially designated hospital for isolation after being announced as Egypt’s first confirmed case of coronavirus on February 14.



Egypt's Health Ministry spokesperson, Khaled Megahed explained that a medical team has been conducting periodic checks and analysis on the Chinese national. The PCR analysis was conducted six times over three consecutive days under the supervision of the Health Ministry and the WHO, and it came back negative in all the tests.



Megahed further disclosed the Chinese national will remain under quarantine for the next 14 days.


source: http://sutured.com/africa-free-of-coronavirus-as-suspected-egyptian-case-tests-negative/
more: http://sutured.com/blog/