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The foods we eat can have a big impact on the structure and health of our brains. Eating a brain-boosting diet can support both short- and long-term brain function.
The brain is an energy-intensive organ, using around 20 percent of the body’s calories, so it needs plenty of good fuel to maintain concentration throughout the day.



The brain also requires certain nutrients to stay healthy. Omega-3 fatty acids, for example, help build and repair brain cells, and antioxidants reduce cellular stress and inflammation, which are linked to brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

This article explores the scientific evidence behind 12 of the best brain foods.

1. Oily fish

Oily fish are a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3s help build membranes around each cell in the body, including the brain cells. They can, therefore, improve the structure of brain cells called neurons.

A 2017 study found that people with high levels of omega-3s had increased blood flow in the brain. The researchers also identified a connection between omega-3 levels and better cognition, or thinking abilities.

These results suggest that eating foods rich in omega-3s, such as oily fish, may boost brain function.

Examples of oily fish that contain high levels of omega-3s include:

salmon
mackerel
tuna
herring
sardines
People can also get omega-3s from soybeans, nuts, flaxseed, and other seeds.

2. Dark chocolate
Dark chocolate contains cocoa, also known as cacao. Cacao contains flavonoids, a type of antioxidant.

Antioxidants are especially important for brain health, as the brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which contributes to age-related cognitive decline and brain diseases.

Cacao flavonoids seem to be good for the brain. According to a 2013 review, they may encourage neuron and blood vessel growth in parts of the brain involved in memory and learning. They may also stimulate blood flow in the brain.

Some research also suggests that the flavonoid component of chocolate may reverse memory problems in snails. Scientists have yet to test this in humans.

However, a 2018 study in humans also supports the brain-boosting effects of dark chocolate. The researchers used imaging methods to look at activity in the brain after participants ate chocolate with at least 70 percent cacao.

The researchers concluded that eating this type of dark chocolate may improve brain plasticity, which is crucial for learning, and may also provide other brain-related benefits.

3. Berries
Like dark chocolate, many berries contain flavonoid antioxidants. Research suggests that these may make the berries good food for the brain.

Antioxidants help by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. The antioxidants in berries include anthocyanin, caffeic acid, catechin, and quercetin.

A 2014 review notes that the antioxidant compounds in berries have many positive effects on the brain, including:

improving communication between brain cells
reducing inflammation throughout the body
increasing plasticity, which helps brain cells form new connections, boosting learning and memory
reducing or delaying age-related neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline
Antioxidant-rich berries that can boot brain health include:

strawberries
blackberries
blueberries
blackcurrants
mulberries
4. Nuts and seeds

Nuts and seeds are a plant-based source of healthful fats and proteins.
Eating more nuts and seeds may be good for the brain, as these foods contain omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants.

A 2014 study found that a higher overall nut intake was linked to better brain function in older age.

Nuts and seeds are also rich sources of the antioxidant vitamin E, which protects cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals.

As a person ages, their brain may be exposed to this form of oxidative stress, and vitamin E may therefore support brain health in older age.

A 2014 review found that vitamin E may also contribute to improved cognition and reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

The nuts and seeds with the highest amounts of vitamin E include:

sunflower seeds
almonds
hazelnuts
Fully exploring vitamin E’s effects on the brain will require further research.

5. Whole grains
Eating whole grains is another way to benefit from the effects of vitamin E, with these grains being a good source of the vitamin.

Whole-grain foods include:

brown rice
barley
bulgur wheat
oatmeal
whole-grain bread
whole-grain pasta

6. Coffee
Coffee is a well-known concentration aid — many drink it to stay awake and encourage focus.

The caffeine in coffee blocks a substance in the brain called adenosine, which makes a person feel sleepy.

Beyond boosting alertness, a 2018 study suggests that caffeine may also increase the brain’s capacity for processing information.

The researchers found that caffeine causes an increase in brain entropy, which refers to complex and variable brain activity. When entropy is high, the brain can process more information.

Coffee is also a source of antioxidants, which may support brain health as a person gets older. One study has linked lifelong coffee consumption with reduced risk of:

cognitive decline
stroke
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Caffeine can, however, affect a person’s sleep and doctors do not recommend caffeine consumption for everyone.


7. Avocados
A source of healthful unsaturated fat, avocados may support the brain.

Eating monounsaturated fats may reduce blood pressure, and high blood pressure is linked withcognitive decline.

Thus, by reducing high blood pressure, the unsaturated fats in avocados may lower the risk of cognitive decline.

Other sources of healthful unsaturated fats include:

almonds, cashews, and peanuts
flaxseed and chia seeds
soybean, sunflower, and canola oils
walnuts and Brazil nuts
fish

8. Peanuts
Peanuts are a legume with an excellent nutritional profile. They contain plenty of unsaturated fats and protein to keep a person’s energy levels up throughout the day.

Peanuts also provide key vitamins and minerals to keep the brain healthy, including high levels of vitamin E and resveratrol.

Resveratrol is a natural non-flavonoid antioxidant found in peanuts, mulberries, and rhubarb. Evidence from a review article suggests that resveratrol can have protective effects, such as helping to prevent cancers, inflammation, and neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.


9. Eggs
Enjoyed by many for breakfast, eggs can be an effective brain food.

They are a good source of the following B vitamins:

vitamin B-6
vitamin B-12
folic acid
Recent research suggests that these vitamins may prevent brain shrinkage and delay cognitive decline.

10. Broccoli

Broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables are rich in fiber and nutrients.

As well as being a low-calorie source of dietary fiber, broccoli may be good for the brain.

Broccoli is rich in compounds called glucosinolates. When the body breaks these down, they produce isothiocyanates.

Isothiocyanates may reduce oxidative stress and lower the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

Broccoli also contains vitamin C and flavonoids, and these antioxidants can further boost a person’s brain health.

Other cruciferous vegetables that contain glucosinolates include:

brussels sprouts
bok choy
cabbage
cauliflower
turnips
kale
11. Kale
Leafy greens, including kale, may support brain health.

Like broccoli, kale contains glucosinolates, and leafy greens also contain other key antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. This is why many consider kale to be a superfood.

12. Soy products
Soybean products are rich in a particular group of antioxidants called polyphenols.

Research has linked polyphenols with a reduced risk of dementia and improved cognitive abilities in regular aging processes.

Soy products contain polyphenols called isoflavones, including daidzein and genistein. These chemicals act as antioxidants, providing a range of health benefits throughout the body.

Supplements for brain function
In addition to making dietary changes, some people consider taking supplements to improve their brain function. But do these supplements actually work?

Taking vitamins B, C, or E, beta-carotene, or magnesium may improve brain function if a person has a deficiency in any of them. If a person does not have a deficiency, these supplements are unlikely to improve mental performance.

Research suggests that taking ginseng may improve this performance. However, further studies are needed before doctors can recommend ginseng to enhance brain function.

Summary
The foods listed above may help improve a person’s memory and concentration. Some may also reduce the risk of stroke and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

Some of the foods contain compounds such as healthful fatty acids, which can help improve the structure of brain cells called neurons. Other compounds, such as sugars and saturated fats, may damage brain cell structures.

Brain-boosting foods tend to contain one or more of the following:

antioxidants, such as flavonoids or vitamin E
B vitamins
healthful fats
omega fatty acids

Beyond adjusting the diet, a person can optimize their brain function by:

not eating too much or too little
getting enough sleep
keeping hydrated
exercising regularly
reducing stress through yoga, mindfulness, or meditation
reducing alcohol intake
Eating a brain-boosting diet will also provide many benefits for the entire body.

Source>> http://sutured.com/12-foods-to-boost-brain-function/

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If you are looking for the secret to a happy retirement, cancel the tickets for that world cruise.

The key to contentment in later life may be as simple as having sex every fortnight.

Life is significantly more enjoyable if you have an active love life, according to a study of almost 7,000 people with an average age of 65.

For men, having sex at least twice a month can lead to happiness, while women are more interested in kissing and the emotional closeness of sleeping with their husband or partner.
Researchers led by Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge found older people were far happier if they had made love in the last 12 months, which could be down to feelings of post-coital 'bliss' or the benefits of the exercise involved.

Lead author Dr Lee Smith, an exercise expert at Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said: 'There is a misconception that older people are not interested in sex, but it is important and can reduce their risk of heart problems and early death. We found sex can improve people's enjoyment of life.

'The findings suggest it is the tenderness and closeness which is more important to women than the sex itself. It is the pre-intimacy and the intimacy driving their enjoyment of life, whereas men seem to want to have sex at least twice a month.'

The research is based on questionnaires given to 6,879 people over the age of 50 about their sex lives over the past year.

Their contentment was measured based on how strongly they agreed with statements such as 'I enjoy the things that I do' and 'On balance, I look back on my life with a sense of happiness'.

The results show men enjoy their lives less when they are worried about their loss of libido or that they are not having sex enough.

Unlike men, women are not less happy when they are having less sex, but their contentment is increased by feelings of emotional closeness which come from sex, as well as kissing and being touched.

The study, published in the journal Sexual Medicine, states: 'During sexual activity or at the time sexual intercourse is at its peak, there is a release of endorphins, which generates a happy or blissful feeling after sex.

'Moreover, those who engage in sexual intercourse with their partner are likely to share a closer relationship, and indeed closeness to one's partner has been shown to be associated with wellbeing.'

Experts also suggest that sex may produce the same physical and psychological benefits as other types of exercise.

People do have less sex from their fifties onwards, as previous studies have shown, but co-author Dr Sarah Jackson, from University College London, said: 'If encouraging and supporting people to continue to enjoy a healthy sex life in old age could help to boost wellbeing, there may be benefits both for the individual and for the sustainability of health services.'

In a new phenomenon of dating apps, however, the number of old people being diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections is at an all-time high.

The number of diagnoses in over-65s in England rose 14 per cent from 1,411 in 2016 to 1,608 in 2017.

Being able to switch sexual partners quickly and meet strangers on the internet means people are more likely to spread infections before they get diagnosed, experts have warned.

More>> http://sutured.com/blog/

Indian authorities are pumping water out of a sprawling southern lake to assuage villagers’ fears it was contaminated after the discovery of the body of a woman infected with HIV, a regional official said on Wednesday.

The virus is usually transmitted through sexual intercourse, infected blood and from an infected mother to the baby in her womb or through breastfeeding, but the villagers’ alarm at the discovery a week ago drove the demand for the lake to be drained, the official added.

“We tried our best to assure the villagers that we would get the water tested, but they did not budge and even refused to come near the lake,” said Naveen Hullur, who is in charge of the area.

The lake near the village of Morab in Karnataka, about 440 km (273 miles) from the state’s capital of Bengaluru, covers 32 acres (13 hectares).

It is a key source of drinking water for more than 1,000 people who live in the drought-affected region and earn their livelihoods by farming.

The drainage operation has run for the last four days and fresh water from a nearby canal is to be used to replenish the lake over the next four to five days, Hullur added. He did not provide additional details.

It was not immediately clear what the cost of the drainage operation is. Public health officials in the region did not immediately respond to telephone calls and email messages from Reuters to seek comment.

The HIV virus which causes AIDS is not spread in air, water or in food, or by sharing cups, bowls, cutlery, clothing, or toilet seats. It cannot survive in the body after the infected person dies.

More>> http://sutured.com/india-drains-lake-after-discovery-of-hiv-infected-body/

Women with dense breasts or a family history of breast cancer should start getting mammograms from the age of 30, not 50, a new study suggests.

Previously, groups like the American Cancer Society have pushed for women with clear risk factors to get screened in their 40s.

But few studies have looked at women in their 30s or younger, when breast cancer is far less common.

The new report, based on more than five million mammograms across the US, found cancer was spotted just as much among high-risk women in their 30s as average-risk women in their 40s.

‘Women under 40 have not been the focus of our attention when it comes to breast cancer screening,’ said Cindy S. Lee, MD, assistant professor of radiology at NYU Langone Health in New York City.

‘Everyone is talking about the 40 to 49 range, and not the 30 to 39 age range. It’s difficult to study this group because most women in this age range do not get mammograms, but some of these young women have increased risk for breast cancer and may need earlier and/or supplemental screening.’

The findings, which will be presented later today at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), are based on data from more than 31 states between 2008 and 2015.

Using data from the National Mammography Database, they compared the outcomes of screening women in their 30s with risk factor versus women in their 40s without risk factor.

There is a myriad of different ways to measure a woman’s risk of breast cancer, but Lee’s team chose ‘a simpler and more inclusive way’, featuring most of the known risk factors, including family history of breast cancer in any first-degree relative regardless of their age and a personal history of breast cancer.

Unlike most risk models, they also ranked a woman as ‘high risk’ if she had dense breasts.

Breast density is not always counted as a clear ‘red flag’ to radiologists because it is not as threatening as genetic risk factors or a family history.

However, it is increasingly a focus of researchers, patients and doctors alike.

‘The reason that it’s getting attention is because there are a lot more people who do have it than those who have genetic mutations,’ Dr R Jared Weinfurtner, MD, a radiologist at Moffitt Cancer Center, told DailyMail.com.

What’s more, he said, there’s no way of telling who has dense breasts, nobody has a higher risk factor; the only way to find out is using a mammogram, and only 36 states have rules requiring radiologists to tell a woman her breast density.

For women in their 30s concerned about whether or not they have dense breasts, it may be a misnomer. Breast density changes over time, and it is not binary – entering the ‘dense’ threshold doesn’t necessarily make you high risk.

‘Patients who are younger are more likely to have dense breasts because the breasts become more fatty as they get older,’ Dr Weinfurtner explains. ‘So you’re more likely when you’re younger to have dense breasts – but you may not meet the category for dense breasts.’

As such, getting a mammogram is the only way to work out whether you are at risk.

But American Cancer Society vice president Robert Smith, PhD warns there are some caveats to the new study recommending mammograms from the age of 30.

The study does not offer a break-down of how many women were screened in this higher-risk group, how many high-risk women had normal examinations, and how many went onto be diagnosed with breast cancer.

‘Among women younger than age 40, we would need to screen more than 1,000 women in order to detect one breast cancer,’ Dr Smith said.

‘The reason the American Cancer Society recommends screening start no later than 45 years of age is because the burden of disease and the risk of harm does not significantly change between the ages of 45 to 49, and 50 to 54.

‘Risk increases gradually, but overall among these 22 million women, the proportion of deaths from breast cancer, and the measures of premature mortality are about the same.’

When it comes to urging younger women to get screened earlier, Dr Smith said it’s not a wild suggestion – in fact, it is expected that women who know they have higher risks should be monitoring themselves more than their lower-risk peers.

‘If these women can be identified at an earlier age when their risk is much higher than average, it is worthy to consider whether beginning screening earlier will be beneficial,’ he said.

‘Any woman younger than 40 years with a prior history of breast cancer would be expected to get regular mammograms, and thus, it is not unreasonable for women with a family history, especially a worrisome family history (a diagnosis in a first degree relative under age 50) would begin screening before age 40.’

source>>http://sutured.com/women-with-dense-breasts-or-family-history-of-breast-cancer-should-start-regular-scans-from-age-of-30-not-50/
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- Cameron Underwood was 24 when he tried to take his own life with a shotgun in June 2016
- He had battled depression for years and had been drinking all day
- A year-and-a-half later he had surgery at NYU Langone Medical Center’s new face transplant unit
- His donor was 23-year-old Will Fisher, an upcoming filmmaker and writer who studied at Johns Hopkins University
- Fisher died suddenly in January 2018 after a battle with mental illness

A 26-year-old man has undergone a face transplant two years after narrowly surviving an attempted suicide against the odds, a new report reveals.

Cameron Underwood, who battled depression for years, was 24 when he tried to take his own life with a shotgun in June 2016 after drinking all day.

The welder from Yuba City in Northern California was left with barely anything except for his forehead, eyes and tongue, and his parents were told he wouldn’t make it.

Doctors managed to bring him back – and soon after, Cam’s mother Bev Bailey-Potter contacted NYU Langone Medical Center’s new face transplant unit.

Today, two years on, Cam has shared his astonishing progress in an interview and photos with People magazine and ABC News, thanking doctors for giving him a second chance at life.

He also expresses his gratitude to the family of his donor, 23-year-old Will Fisher, described by People as ‘a budding New York City writer and filmmaker’. He became a donor after his ‘sudden’ death following a battle with mental illness on January 5, 2018.

Cam flew directly to New York from California and that night he underwent the 25-hour surgery that changed his life.


Transformation: Cam Underwood was 24 when he tried to take his own life with a shotgun while drunk in June 2016 – and he later could not believe he’d done such a thing. He lost everything below his eyes but surgeons managed to patch him up (left). On January 5, 2018, he was admitted for a face transplant (pictured, center, shortly after; pictured, right, recently)


Before: Cam had battled with depression for years and was self-medicating with alcohol

‘I remember just a sigh of relief that I had a face again, I had a mouth and teeth again, I had a nose again—just such amazement and joy,’ Cam told People.

‘I couldn’t be more thankful for all the hard work and the sacrifices that were made for me.’

He added: ‘The biggest difference is just being able to go out without a mask and without people staring at me.’

According to the ABC report, screening tonight on 20/20, Cam was athletic, hard-working, and a thrifty saver.

As soon as he graduated high school, he got a job working for his stepfather, and by 19 he got a mortgage on a house.

The next few years were rocky, though.

He and his high school sweetheart separated after years together, and he lost touch with one of his closest friends, which seemed to hit hard.

He started to drink a lot, and recoiled from any of his relatives’ attempts to get him to ease off.
On June 26, 2016, he spent the day hitting the bottle – something that had become commonplace, he tells People and ABC.

But that night he entered a vortex that sucked him further than before, and he thought he should end his life.

He pointed a shotgun under his chin and pulled the trigger, obliterating his entire face.

It is not clear where Cam was or who found him, but help got to him quickly. He was airlifted to University of California Davis Medical Center, where doctors got to work.

After numerous surgeries he was stabilized, but his face was gone. At first he was in a medically-induced coma, then very heavily drugged for just over a month.

Finally, in August 2016, he was lucid enough to understand what had happened, and to see his face for the first time.

‘When I woke up, I didn’t know what was going on, where I was, what had happened to me,’ he said – adding, painfully: ‘I was shocked that I would actually do something like that, and that I had survived.’

Cam stayed in the hospital until December 2016. Once he was discharged, he wore a mask all the time.

Shortly after he was discharged, his mother Bev heard that surgeons at NYU Langone had performed a face transplant on a former firefighter, Patrick Hardison, who was maimed by a burning roof that fell on him.
She got in touch, and in March 2017 Dr Eduardo Rodriguez took him on, starting the lengthy procedure to get Cam enrolled, including physical screening, psychiatric screening and counseling, and getting him on the transplant list.

Finally, in January this year, he got the bitter-sweet call all transplant hopefuls yearn for: they had a candidate.

Will Fisher, 23, had died in New York City, and he was a registered organ donor.

His mother Sally was consulted as doctors found he would be able to transform multiple lives with his heart, liver, kidneys, eyes – and, of course, his face.

Will, described by his family as wise beyond his years, was just a bit younger than Cam when he died. He had the same skin tone, skull size, hair color, a full set of teeth and the same blood type.

Cam says he knew it was a life-threatening procedure but he never saw it as a choice – it was his only option to reclaim his life.

For Will’s mother Sally, Cam is the one thing that helped her worked through her grief.

She told People: ‘I don’t think I would have survived Will’s death if it wasn’t for Cameron. Cameron’s got his whole life ahead of him — and I love the idea that Willie’s helping him have a better life.’


Donor: Will Fisher, 23, was a writer, filmmaker, chess player who studied at Johns Hopkins University. He was described by family as wise beyond his years. He died suddenly in January 2018 after a battle with mental illness


For Will’s mother Sally (right), Cam (left) is the one thing that helped her worked through her grief


Source >>> http://sutured.com/i-couldnt-be-more-thankful-man-26-who-tried-to-kill-himself-with-a-shot-to-the-chin-after-years-battling-depression-receives-face-transplant-in-25-hour-surgery/

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Regular exposure to stress can impact our physical and mental health, but how does it actually affect our brains? One new Harvard Medical School study answers that question.
Stress — especially when we experience it on a regular basis — takes a significant toll on our minds and bodies.
It can make us feel more irritable and constantly tired, and it impacts our ability to focus.

Chronic stress can also interfere with our sleep patterns, appetite, and libido, and it can also exacerbate a range of health conditions.

These include diabetes, heart disease, and gastrointestinal problems.

One study that Medical News Today covered earlier this year, in fact, saw that even minor levels of distress can increase a person’s risk of chronic disease.

What impact does stress have on the brain in physiological and cognitive terms? Researchers from Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, have explored this question and reported their answer in the journal Neurology.

The stress hormone affects memory

In their study, the researchers worked with participants with an average age of 49 and no diagnosis of dementia.
At baseline, the investigators asked each participant to undergo a psychological exam. They also assessed each participant’s memory and thinking abilities. For the purpose of the study, they assessed these abilities again after an average period of 8 years.

Furthermore, at the beginning of the study, all the volunteers provided blood samples. The team collected them in the morning, after an appropriate fasting period, so that the blood test results would be accurate.

Specifically, the researchers were interested in measuring the participants’ levels of blood cortisol, which is a hormone released chiefly in response to stress. After assessing cortisol levels, the investigators divided the participants into groups according to their results.

They categorized participants as having high, middle, or low levels of cortisol, where middle levels corresponded to the normal cortisol level range of 10.8–15.8 micrograms per deciliter.

The researchers found that people with high levels of blood cortisol had much poorer memory when compared with peers with normal cortisol levels. Importantly, impaired memory was present in these individuals even before obvious symptoms of memory loss set in.

These results remained consistent even after the investigators had adjusted for relevant modifying factors, such as age, sex, smoking habit, and body mass index (BMI).

“Cortisol affects many different functions,” notes study author Dr. Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, from Harvard Medical School, “so it is important to fully investigate how high levels of the hormone may affect the brain.”

It is ‘important to find ways to reduce stress’

Also, 2,018 participants agreed to undergo MRI scans, so that the researchers could measure their brain volumes. This allowed the researchers to confirm that people with high cortisol levels also tended to have lower total brain volumes.

Those in the high-cortisol group had an average total cerebral brain volume of 88.5 percent of total cranial volume versus 88.7 percent of total cranial volume in people with regular cortisol levels.

As for low cortisol levels, the researchers found no links at all between this and a person’s memory or their brain volume.

“Our research detected memory loss and brain shrinkage in middle-aged people before symptoms started to show,” says Dr. Echouffo-Tcheugui.

“[S]o it’s important for people to find ways to reduce stress, such as getting enough sleep, engaging in moderate exercise, incorporating relaxation techniques into their daily lives, or asking their doctor about their cortisol levels and taking a cortisol-reducing medication if needed,”

Dr. Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui

“It’s important for physicians to counsel all people with higher cortisol levels,” he adds. Still, the researchers admit that their study does have some limitations — such as the fact that they only measured the participants’ blood cortisol levels once, which may not be representative of their long-term exposure to this hormone.

Moreover, they note that most of the study participants were of European descent, which means that the findings may not accurately reflect the effects of stress on other populations.

source>> http://sutured.com/how-does-stress-affect-the-brain/

It is not always possible to prevent pain during or after an operation. Although some discomfort may be inevitable, a doctor will work with other specialists, such as an anesthesiologist, to manage a person’s pain.
It is essential to remember that everyone is different. Some people may find a particular surgery very painful, while others do not. For this reason, it is difficult to rank surgeries from most to least painful.
If many people report feeling pain from one type of operation, it might be considered a particularly painful surgery.

Major surgery is not always more painful than a minor operation, which may be due to the type and amount of pain medication given to an individual.

A person should speak to their doctor and ask plenty of questions when considering surgery. A doctor can help ease their concerns about pain and recommend ways to reduce post-surgery discomfort.

Knowing which surgeries are considered particularly painful can help a person know what to expect. But this is only a guide because of the way individuals feel pain.

Most painful surgeries
In general, research has found that orthopedic surgeries, or those involving bones, are the most painful.

However, researchers also found that some minor surgeries or those classed as keyhole or laparoscopic could also cause significant pain.

Regardless of the type of surgery, a person should speak to a doctor about the procedure and a plan to manage any discomfort.

It is also helpful to relate any past experiences with pain medications, as some people are more or less sensitive to these drugs.

Here, we outline what are considered to be five of the most painful surgeries:

1. Open surgery on the heel bone
If a person fractures their heel bone, they may need surgery. An operation is not always necessary if the bone has not moved too far out of place.

To repair the fracture, a surgeon must cut into the skin to get to the broken bone. They can then fix the bone back together, using plates or screws.

The skin around the heel is thin, and this area does not have a lot of soft tissue. It is easy to damage the nerves around the heel bone during surgery. Along with the attachment of screws to the bone, this can make the operation and recovery painful.

2. Spinal fusion
The bones that make up the spine are known as vertebrae. Scoliosis and degenerative disc disease are among the medical problems that may affect the vertebrae.

If movement between vertebrae is causing pain, a doctor may recommend spinal fusion surgery. This process connects two or more vertebrae to stop them moving against each other.

Sometimes, surgery will involve a bone graft. This is when bone is taken from the hip and put into the spine to help the vertebrae fuse together.

Bone grafts may cause significant and even chronic pain following surgery.

3. Myomectomy
A myomectomy is an operation to remove fibroids from the uterus. Although these muscle fibers are almost always harmless, they can be a cause of infertility.

The operation is usually done using keyhole surgery. Open surgery may be needed if the fibroids are large. An open surgery procedure is usually more painful than keyhole surgery and will have a longer recovery time.

During a myomectomy, a surgeon will cut into the belly and remove the fibroids. Once they have removed the fibroids, they will close the cut with stitches.

4. Proctocolectomy

This surgery removes the large intestine, rectum, and anal canal. Together, these make up the lowest part of the gut.

Proctocolectomy can be used to treat ulcerative colitis, bowel cancer, and some forms of Crohn’s disease.

If possible, the surgery will be done using a keyhole procedure. If this is not appropriate, surgeons will use open surgery.

5. Complex spinal reconstruction

Complex spinal reconstruction refers to several medical procedures used to treat spinal damage or disorders. These include spinal stenosis and scoliosis.

A surgeon will use metal rods and screws to correct a curved spine or make the spine stable. The spine has a high concentration of nerves and nerve endings, potentially making this surgery very painful.

Recovery
Recovery varies depending on the operation. Even people having the same operation may experience recovery differently.

A doctor can give person-specific advice on how to manage pain after their operation. They may also prescribe pain medications and give someone tips on how to make their recovery easier.

Pain after an operation is not always preventable. While opioid narcotics are often good pain relievers, they may have some negative side effects, ranging from depression to breathing difficulties.

A doctor will monitor and adjust the dose to achieve a good balance of pain control while avoiding adverse effects. There is a wide range of pain medication available to help a person cope, including:

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen for mild to moderate pain
opioids, such as morphine, for moderate or severe pain
For some procedures, an epidural or peripheral nerve block catheter may be used to continuously infuse medication into the body that causes numbness for up to 4 days.

A person should tell their doctor, as soon as possible, about any uncontrolled pain that they are having. Pain medication may not work immediately, so getting pain relief immediately can help prevent it from getting worse.

Pain medication should make a person feel more comfortable and better able to move around, which can help with a good recovery.

After most surgeries, doctors recommend that a person eats, drinks, and moves around as soon as possible. If needed, a physical therapist can give person-specific exercises to help them recover.

Outlook
Everyone feels pain differently, including after different types of surgery. While some discomfort is unavoidable, a clear pain management plan and talking to medical carers about its effectiveness will help someone have a smooth recovery.

Source>> http://sutured.com/what-are-the-most-painful-surgeries/
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Parents don’t need to shell out a ton of money to help with their child’s brain development.


You don’t need a formal class — or even money — to improve your baby’s brain development.

For parents who can’t or don’t want to participate in their local mommy-and-me classes, there are simple ways to interact with a child and help them developmentally.

If you’re looking for a few ideas to try with your infant, here are seven easy actions parents can take.

Stick out your tongue
“One easy-to-do activity that is easily embedded during most routines is sticking your tongue out,” said Elizabeth Criswell, an early childhood curriculum developer at the University of Minnesota’s Institute of Child Development. “You can model sticking your tongue out at different angles during diaper changes or play time and allow space and time for your baby to do it back to you.”

The gesture is a helpful way to encourage children around the 3-month mark to practice tongue control, which can help with eating and speech development. It also enables parents to begin communicating with their infants.

Get on your belly
Tummy time is valuable for babies up through 6 months, not only to develop physical strength and coordination but as a great way to interact. Lie next to the baby or face them.

Share stories and let baby look in the mirror, or bring in toys to play with, said Rebecca Parlakian, senior director of programs at Zero to Three. The organization produces early childhood development materials and advocates for early learning.

Ignite the senses
Gather scraps of fabrics that have different textures and let baby explore them while you supervise. The scraps should be at least six inches by six inches long. Describe the fabrics to your child, as they are learning through their senses.

Exposing them to rich descriptive language now helps them develop a strong vocabulary later on, too, Parlakian added.

Go big — or little
Toddlers between 2 and 3 years old will love sorting various items around the house into piles of “big” and “little” items.

The game teaches children the words and concepts of big and little, helps them think about size, and supports early math skills, like the early stages of understanding measurement, Parlakian explained.

Listen in
Babies develop millions of neural pathways each day that are used throughout their lives to receive information, and music helps stimulate them.

The pathways help a child with language, cognitive, social, and emotional development, said Brenda Berdugo Limaldi, a Music Together instructor from New Jersey. She advises parents to expose the baby to different types of music that vary in tone and meter.

Sing together
When you sing, make sure to hold the baby close and exaggerate your mouth’s movements — especially when singing songs without words. Also, validate the baby’s responses by imitating him or her, as the positive reinforcement encourages more spontaneous sound and movement activity, which is how your baby learns.

Be sure to play fast and slow songs, sing loudly and softly, and use high and low notes. Rock and bounce to the beat of a song, too, Berdugo Limaldi said.

Play peek-a-boo
This game helps babies develop object permanence, which means they know an object exists even if they can’t see it. Both Berdugo Limaldi and Parlakian recommended it. A good age to start is when the baby is about 9 months old, though infants can enjoy it at a younger age as well.

The power of play
Interacting with baby seems to be the key to cultivating positive brain development.

“The real value of playtime with children is that it helps them master their first and important task of the early years: building a strong relationship with their parents,” Parlakian said. “It’s this strong, secure bond that children take with them as a model of relationships all their lives, and helps them build friendships, cooperate with others, work on a team, and establish strong romantic relationships much later on.”

“While these activities are all free and can be easy to fit into your everyday routine, the value of parent-child play is immense. These moments give children opportunities to practice and, over time, master the critical cognitive, communication, and social-emotional skills they need to succeed in school and life,” she added.

source>> http://sutured.com/7-ways-to-help-your-childs-brain-develop/
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Study finds antibiotics may do more harm than good if you’re not actually sick.

Antibiotics have long been scrutinized for their misuse, overuse, and harsh side effects.

If taken incorrectly, researchers believe antibiotics can do more harm than good. They can cause bacteria to become increasingly resistant to treatment, for example, and destroy healthy flora in the gut.

Now, a new study from Case Western Reserve University shows that antibiotics can damage immune cells and worsen oral infections.

Antibiotics damage the ability of our white blood cells
The body’s natural defenses are very effective in killing off certain oral infections and regulating inflammation, according to the research, which was published in Frontiers in Microbiology last month.

The research team examined resident bacteria in the body, their effect on the production of white blood cells, and the role they both play in combating infections of the mouth.

“We set out to find out what happens when you don’t have bacteria to fight a fungal infection,” study lead Pushpa Pandiyan, PhD, an assistant professor of biological sciences in the School of Dental Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, said in a statement. “What we found was that antibiotics can kill short-chain fatty acids produced by [the] body’s own good bacteria.”

When the body is healthy, it houses good bacteria that produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA), which, in turn, promote the development and maintenance of white blood cells.

Those white blood cells — called Tregs and Th-17 — are then able to fight and protect us from fungal infections and harmful pathogens and keep inflammation at bay.The researchers discovered that antibiotics destroyed the good bacteria, which, consequently, depleted the production of SCFAs and damaged the ability of white blood cells from fighting off fungal infections, such as Candida, in a laboratory setting.

In other words, the antibiotics hurt the body’s own immune response and made it difficult to protect itself against harmful germs.

In addition, continued misuse and overuse of antibiotics gives bacteria the opportunity to grow resistant to treatment and poses the threat of bacterial infections that are much harder to treat.

“Long-term and mindless use of antibiotics could also hamper how the immune system works in other infections such as viral and other fungal infections,” Pandiyan told Healthline.

Our bodies already fight off infections

The findings bring focus to the level of function of the SCFAs when it comes to oral health.

“The study shows that these short-chain fatty acids promote the proper function of Th-17 and Treg cells and that this protects us from oral fungal infections, reduces damaging inflammation, and helps the body’s immune system resolve Candida infections of the mouth,” said Dr. Aileen Marty, a professor of infectious diseases at Florida International University College of Medicine.

We need those SCFAs to power up our white blood cells — the Th-17 and Treg cells — to protect us from sickness.“While many cells in the body play some roles in protecting us against infections, [it’s] the primary responsibility of white blood cells,” Marty added. “White blood cells are the professional soldiers against infection, while other cells perform protective roles more as ‘deputized citizen militia.’”

These natural defenses had no problem fighting off inflammation and infection on their own, but antibiotics can prevent these defenses from doing their job.

Should you take antibiotics for an oral infection?

Researchers stress that physicians must be sure that antibiotics are really necessary to treat an infection before prescribing them.

Needless overuse of antibiotics isn’t helpful, the study suggested.

“We have good bacteria doing good work every day, why kill them?” Pandiyan noted in the statement. “As is the case with many infections, if you leave them alone, they will leave on their own.”

While for more serious cases antibiotics are a necessary — and sometimes life-saving — treatment, many health experts also recommend taking probiotics alongside antibiotics to maintain good bacteria and restore healthy flora.

Lastly, if you have a bacterial infection and are prescribed antibiotics, be sure to finish out the prescription.

Failure to take the entire course of treatment only contributes to the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

If you stop short, your immune system might not be up for the challenge next time you’re not feeling so hot.

Source>> http://sutured.com/antibiotics-can-hurt-your-health-if-you-dont-have-an-infection/
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The bizarre trend was sparked after celebrities including Kourtney Kardashian, Charlotte Crosby and Sophie Kasaei revealed they have lightened their behinds.



In fact, there’s been a 23 per cent surge in the number of women seeking anal bleaching as they feel the pressure to “look like porn stars” in the bedroom, according to a top London clinic.

The procedure involves lightening the colour of the skin around the anus. It’s done purely for cosmetic reasons to make the skin the same colour as the surrounding skin on the backside.

But, is it worth it? And does it hurt?

Two weeks ago we sent fitness instructor and mum-of-two Tracey Kiss, 30, from Aylesbury, along to HB Health Clinic in Knightsbridge, London, to have a 30 minute session.

She took boyfriend Freddie Shaw, 27, along with her and claims it’s boosted her confidence in the bedroom…

Why I chose to try anal bleaching – and my verdict
TO be honest I’d not really given too much thought to that area of my body, I guess because it’s not talked about a lot and people find it all a bit embarrassing.



But I can see why more and more women are having it done. We all like to be well groomed – I get regular bikini waxes and remove all my pubic hair.

Reading more about it, I did become a bit concerned deep down as to how mine looked.

I love sunbathing and wearing G-strings, and I’ve even had designer vagina surgery!

I’m into body building and I realised I’d not really been giving that part of my bum as much attention as everywhere else. So I thought, why not look into it?

I never realised just how many shades and colours skin in that area could be, and that I could even select as my “end result” colour.



Tracey went with boyfriend Freddie, who provided moral support
Bizarrely, Freddie seemed to know more about the procedure than me! Perhaps he’d done his research. It was great to be able to ask him what he thought and not have him freak out in horror or laugh at me.

Obviously I don’t look at that area of my behind very often, but from time to time he does “encounter” me from that view. While he had no complaints, I decided it would nice to have the dark-ish brown colour of the skin down there look more uniformly like the rest of me.

That’s the reason most models and celebrities say is behind them having the procedure.

I was surprised at how quick and simple it was.

When I got to the clinic I had to lie on my back with my knickers off – just like I was having a smear.

I was given special glasses to wear to protect my eyes from the laser and EMLA Cream was then applied to the surface area to allow the skin to numb for several minutes before treatment began.



Tracey said the procedure felt a bit like having a smear at first
The Double Wave Laser removes the melanin layer present in the sensitive area, meaning the source of the darker colouring is permanently treated, without leaving any scars or burning.

I didn’t know how sensitive I would be for the very first zap, and I was worried I might jump with the surprise of it.

I’d imagined it would be painful but it was over with really quickly. I’ve had my underarms and rosacea on my face treated with laser before and I’d always felt a short, sharp sting during those procedures.

With this, I merely felt a couple of pings as laser shots were set off at my bottom. It was certainly easier than child birth or period cramps!

I chatted to Freddie about grocery shopping while Dr Madhok administered the laser, which helped me to relax as it took my mind off it.

Afterwards my bottom felt quite “hot” because of the laser and I was given healing cream which needed applying twice a day. We also couldn’t have sex for a week.



Tracey was given special glasses to wear to protect her eyes from the laser
I couldn’t wait to see what it looked like, and I was thrilled with the results.

I had Freddie take before and after images and I used a mirror between my legs to check on the recovery. The area is considerably lighter and looks just like my normal skin.

It’s gone from what I would say was latte brown to a strawberry milkshake colour. The whole experience was bizarrely liberating.

Now when I think about it, it’s just like having the circles under your eyes improved!

It’s something that has really given me an extra boost down below and certainly smartened everything out there.

I’ve nicknamed the procedure my “cracking facelift” because it really felt like a face-lift for your anus.



Tracey said the procedure has boosted her confidence in the bedroom
When we had sex a week after the procedure I felt like a virgin again. It’s allowed me to be more adventurous between the sheets. It’s made me feel super confident.

Having anal bleaching doesn’t mean you want anal sex or are obsessed with it. It’s about body confidence. Talking about it with my man was as liberating as having it done.

I think if the treatment makes you feel good about your body, then have it done.

I’ve never had any negative comments on the appearance of my anus, but I had the procedure for me. I love the results and am glad I did it.

Freddie said: “I love the fact we can talk about these things. If you can accompany your girlfriend for anal bleaching I think you can definitely deal with any of life’s other hurdles.

“It’s made us closer as a couple. Tracey is more confident in the bedroom and I love that. I’m glad she did it for herself and not me, because I love her how she is.”

Sheri McDaniel, clinic manager at HB Health of Knightsbridge, said the laser treatment is currently the most popular among patients, accounting for about 95 per cent of anal bleaching cases. In other cases women are seeking creams.



Freddie says its brought them closer as a couple
“The vaginal bleaching has always been quite popular but recently anal bleaching is becoming really popular as well,” she said.

“A lot of women have issues where the pigmentation has gotten a lot darker and they are insecure about it.

“It is usually hormonal. So if you become pregnant, if you go through menopause, if your hormones change at all during your lifetime that is what will spark it to get darker.”

Dr Minoo Madhok, who performed Tracey’s bleaching, added: “Laser treatments tend to require two to three sessions, using a high-tech laser to remove a layer of melanin, which is responsible for darkness.

source >> http://sutured.com/i-tried-anal-bleaching-it-made-me-feel-like-a-virgin-again-and-my-boyfriend-loves-it/

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A model has put her old boobs up for sale after devoted fans offered her thousands for the second-hand implants. Glamour girl Taylor Rose, 26, has taken to Twitter to tout her old breast implants after inflating her latest pair to a whopping 30H.

And she hopes that she may be able to partly cover the cost of her recent operation after dedicated fans filled her inbox with cash offers.

Currently, the highest bid is £1,500 but the auction is set to continue for a further week.

Taylor, of Northamptonshire, said: “I wasn’t planning to do this at all. I had no idea people were interested in things like this.“But when I said I was going to have another operation, I started receiving offers.

“So I thought, why not?” Taylor was a 30G but wanted to go even bigger and when she mentioned it to her fans online, several asked if they could buy her old implants when they were removed.

She went under the knife last week and told her doctor of her plans. He agreed to save the manky old silicone enhancements, but only if the adult star signed a form confirming that she wanted to keep them.

Taylor said: “I think he thought I was mad.“But when I woke up, he had cleaned them and wrapped them in packages.“He’d even labelled which one was my left and right implant.”

The popular cam girl hopes to be able to sell the implants for thousands, but insists she will throw in postage and packaging for free.And her friends and family think her latest stunt is hilarious.

Taylor joked: “They think its funny but they’re not surprised by it.“I’m quite a spontaneous person so when someone got in touch and asked if they could buy them, I just thought ‘why not’. “I’m happy to sell them separately if there’s a demand for it.“I have no idea what someone will do with them, maybe they’ll put them on the mantelpiece?”

Alongside the offers of cash, Taylor says she’d had some unusual requests for extras.

She said: “One man wanted to buy them but asked me to include a pair of worn pants. “And another wants me to wear a pair of trainers and get them really muddy.“Working at Babestation means I’ve got used to all sorts of crazy and unusual requests.”

http://sutured.com/26-year-old-model-is-selling-her-old-breasts-and-worn-pants-to-fans-after-undergoing-surgery/

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American tennis player Christian Harrison has undergone a surgery. It was the surgery No. 8 for the 24-year-old American. Harrison’s career was in jeopardy a couple of years ago as he underwent seven surgeries between 2009 and 2015.

Back then, the American was in a dark place but refused to quit the game. However, the 24-year-old has avoided a major setback this time. Harrison, ranked at No. 238 in the world, underlined that his latest injury was a non-tennis injury.

The 24-year-old last played in the US Open men’s qualifying event — where he lost in the second round. “Surgery No. 8. (It was a) non-tennis injury — just a bit of bad luck having a bone problem with my femur. Having many before I tried everything to avoid this one, unfortunately wasn’t able to. This should be one of my easier recoveries if all goes well. Thanks to my family and friends for all the support. You guys always keep me motivated to make it back,” Harrison said in an Instagram post.

Harrison has managed to avoid major injuries and major setbacks since returning to the tour in 2015. The 24-year-old has had a solid season so far as he made it past the Wimbledon qualifying event to make his Wimbledon debut.

The American was bidding to make an upset in his Wimbledon debut but fell short to 2014 US Open runner-up Kei Nishikori in the first round after four sets of battle. Harrison also achieved his career-high ranking of No.198 in the world this past July.

More>> http://sutured.com/american-tennis-player-christian-harrison-24-undergoes-eighth-surgery/

Andrew Wardle spent 44 years of his life without a penis and as such, never had sex, until recently when he got a £50,000 bionic penis.

The 45-year-old had sex for the first time with his girlfriend Fedra Fabian by using a button to pump up his bionic penis and he says he is delighted with the result. He now hopes to be a dad someday.

Andrew Wardle was born with bladder exstrophy, a rare birth defect that means the organ, that usually sits inside the pelvis, is exposed. Although he has testicles, the condition means he has no penis. Andrew has undergone a string of operations over the last four years to build his appendage.

He finally got his new penis by going through a painful ten-hour operation. Surgeons created his new male member using skin from his arm. He had the final part of his penile implant fitted at London's University Hospital.


Following his surgery, Andrew had to walk around with an erection for 10 days. He also faced another six weeks until he could put it to use with girlfriend Fedra, 28.



Now Andrew can have sex using a button in his groin to inflate the organ with saline fluid through a valve in his scrotum. The new organ is connected into his testicles which means there is a possibility of him having children. He was also able to experience a pleasurable feeling during sex with his girlfriend.

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ELENA was never “100 per cent” happy with how her labia looked.

“They were always a bit asymmetric and that made me less comfortable being intimate with people,” the 32-year-old from Sydney said.

“It was uncomfortable physically. They would rub against certain outfits. I know that nobody’s perfect and we all come in different shapes and sizes. But I just wasn’t completely happy with mine.”

Elena had heard about labiaplasty, one of the fastest growing cosmetic surgical procedures. It involves reducing the size of the labia, the folds of skin surrounding the vulva on the outside of the vagina.

“I always thought about doing it. I started thinking more about it, I did some research and once I established that it was not a hugely invasive procedure I thought ‘Why not?’ I’m just doing to do it,” she said.

Four weeks ago, Elena had one of her labia trimmed by Sydney plastic surgeon Dr Laith Barnouti while under local anaesthetic.

Elena did some research and established that it was not a hugely invasive procedure
“I didn’t have any problems. I put my legs up in the stirrups, put my headphones in and chilled on social media for 45 minutes. They applied numbing cream and I couldn’t even feel the needle,” Elena explained.

“My surgeon was super professional. He made me feel like he was looking at my hand.”

The procedure cost her $1,700 and she received some of that back from Medicare.

According to Medicare data from the past financial year, 502 Australian women claimed the$190 refund after undergoing labiaplasty or vulvaplasty.

This refund is only available when the procedure is performed to correct an “anomaly” and is unavailable for purely cosmetic procedures.

She claimed her surgeon was super professional
Patients must provide a “detailed clinical history outlining the functional impairment and the medical need” for surgery.

Elena says she returned to work the day after the procedure and her stitches soon dissolved.

“I’m super happy with the results. I just feel more confident. To me, this is just like having a breast augmentation. It’s just another cosmetic surgery,” she said.

Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons spokesman Professor Mark Ashton says labiaplasties should be performed by a fully qualified plastic surgeon or gynaecological surgeon.

“People need to do their homework and make sure their surgeon is appropriately trained,” Professor Ashton said.

But currently in Australia, anyone with a standard medical degree is legally allowed to perform cosmetic surgical procedures.

A lack of industry regulation and confusion about the term “cosmetic surgeon” means unqualified medical practitioners are performing botched labiaplasties on patients.

An increasing number of women are undergoing labiaplasty to remove physical discomfort
“People who are untrained or poorly trained are setting up clinics in unlicensed facilities and performing this procedure and that is resulting in a high number of people with botched surgeries,” Prof Ashton said.

“This is a very dangerous practice. There is a very real risk of the surgery going wrong. They can cut away too much (skin) or the patient can contract an infection. They can have problems with irritation or rubbing. Repair and construction is particularly difficult,” he said.

Prof Ashton said many patients don’t have a clear conversation with their doctor about what they want their new labia to look like.

“I’ve seen patients where the decision about how much tissue has been removed was left in the hands of the surgeon and the patient had a different idea of the outcome,” he said.

But while women like Elena are undergoing labiaplasty to remove physical discomfort, many health experts say they are concerned by increasing number of women, especially teenage girls, who have “genital anatomy anxiety” and are requesting labiaplasty to alter “totally normal” body parts.

Prof Ashton said many patients don’t have a clear conversation with their doctor about what they want their new labia to look like
GPs, plastic surgeons and gynaecologists say many women have a warped understanding of what is a “normal-looking” vagina, due to the popularity of online porn, photoshopped images of Instruments and because more women are removing their pubic hair.

“A lot of people have an idealised view of what is normal and that’s not anatomically true,” Prof Ashton said.

“It’s unbelievably common for women to have full Brazilians. Previously, the labia were covered by pubic hair. Now attention is drawn to their size and there is a distortion of what people perceive as normal,” he said.

An alarming 2016 survey of 443 Australian GPs found a third have seen patients aged below 18 wanting to trim or shape their Instruments.

Almost all the doctors surveyed said they had seen women of all ages express concerns about the appearance of their Instruments.

“The GPs surveyed said a large proportion of women have some degree of genital anatomy anxiety,” head researcher Dr Magdalena Simonis, a fellow at The Royal College of General Practitioners told news.com.au at the time.

The reasons for this anxiety included a “perception of normality based on images seen online”, particularly those in porn.

According to more than half the GPs surveyed, women who request genital surgery may have a range of mental health issues, including anxiety, body dysmorphic disorder, depression or eating disorders.

For Elena, while she acknowledges the pressure on women to look good, she says there is still a stigma attached to women who choose to undergo cosmetic surgery

“We’re in this body positive era which is great, but we’re looked down upon if we want to change something,” she said.

“If you can do something that is going to make you happier, why wouldn’t you do that?”

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If you're concerned about breast cancer, you might be wondering if there are steps you can take toward breast cancer prevention. Some risk factors, such as family history, can't be changed. However, there are lifestyle changes you can make to lower your risk.

What can I do to reduce my risk of breast cancer?

Lifestyle changes have been shown in studies to decrease breast cancer risk even in high-risk women. The following are steps you can take to lower your risk:

Limit alcohol. The more alcohol you drink, the greater your risk of developing breast cancer. The general recommendation — based on research on the effect of alcohol on breast cancer risk — is to limit yourself to less than 1 drink per day as even small amounts increase risk.

Don't smoke. Accumulating evidence suggests a link between smoking and breast cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women. In addition, not smoking is one of the best things you can do for your overall health.

Control your weight. Being overweight or obese increases the risk of breast cancer. This is especially true if obesity occurs later in life, particularly after menopause.

Be physically active. Physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight, which, in turn, helps prevent breast cancer. For most healthy adults, the Department of Health and Human Services recommends at least 150 minutes a week of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity weekly, plus strength training at least twice a week.

Breast-feed. Breast-feeding might play a role in breast cancer prevention. The longer you breast-feed, the greater the protective effect.

Limit dose and duration of hormone therapy. Combination hormone therapy for more than three to five years increases the risk of breast cancer. If you're taking hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms, ask your doctor about other options. You might be able to manage your symptoms with nonhormonal therapies and medications. If you decide that the benefits of short-term hormone therapy outweigh the risks, use the lowest dose that works for you and continue to have your doctor monitor the length of time you are taking hormones.

Avoid exposure to radiation and environmental pollution. Medical-imaging methods, such as computerized tomography, use high doses of radiation. While more studies are needed, some research suggests a link between breast cancer and radiation exposure. Reduce your exposure by having such tests only when absolutely necessary.

What else can I do?
Be vigilant about breast cancer detection. If you notice any changes in your breasts, such as a new lump or skin changes, consult your doctor. Also, ask your doctor when to begin mammograms and other screenings based on your personal history.

http://sutured.com/cure-breast-lump-without-surgery/

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Buy the ear drops. Dont play with your life.

More complex robotic surgery could soon become available to more patients, following the launch of a new portable surgical robot system.
The Versius robot is the latest development in high tech devices designed for the operating theatre.

It bio-mimicks the human arm and is controlled by a surgeon at a console.

Standard surgery can be invasive for the patient. This robot can go through natural orifices, perform surgery from the inside and leave no scar at all.

The robotic system will be used in hospitals in the UK and continental Europe in the next year, with CMR Surgical planning wider international expansion shortly afterwards.

http://sutured.com/robotic-surgery-advances-set-to-help-more-patients/

Leah Cambridge reportedly suffered three heart attacks during the operation.


When 29-year-old Leah Cambridge from Leeds travelled to Turkey this summer, she expected to return home with an enhanced bum after undergoing a 'Brazilian butt lift'. But that wasn't to be, after Leah tragically died during the cosmetic procedure.

The Evening Standard reports that Leah, a beautician, paid around £3,000 for the surgery, which transfers fat from other areas of the body to the buttocks. The mum-of-three reportedly felt self-conscious about the way her body looked after having children, which was why she underwent the procedure.

But according to Leah's partner, 31-year-old Scott Franks, she suffered three heart attacks on the operating table at Elite Aftercare Clinic in Izmir, Turkey.

Speaking to The Sun, Scott said: "Leah was under anaesthetic and complications happened due to fat getting deposited in her bloodstream and her oxygen levels fell.

"She was brought back to stable but had three heart attacks and there was nothing they could do."

Following her death, a devastated Scott posted a tribute to his girlfriend on social media. "This is gonna be the hardest thing I’ve done in my life, I’m so scared and hurting it’s untrue," he wrote, adding: "I will always leave a space for you at the table and make sure our kids remember you for all the good things you’ve done, I [love] you so much... I just wish this was a bad dream."

Scott travelled to Turkey following the news of Leah's death to meet with the staff at the hospital. Her body will be returned home in the coming days.

Speaking to the Guardian, Bryan Mayou, a consultant plastic surgeon and member of the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, warned of the dangers of such procedures if they're not performed correctly. He explained how the NHS was increasingly having to deal with patients who have suffered complications from plastic surgery after travelling abroad to get it cheaper.

"It is becoming more of a problem ... I cannot tell you any figures, but it is notable," Mayou told the Guardian." I think people do go abroad more and more, and so there are more complications."

In a statement, the Elite Aftercare clinic maintained it is "responsibly run", and said "it takes its responsibilities extremely seriously." The surgeon who performed the procedure, Dr Ali Uckan, has also released a statement confirming Leah had been warned of all the risks prior to the surgery.

"It is a scientific fact that undesirable and unpredictable risks are always present in this kind of surgery," The Sun reports he said.

Our thoughts are with Leah's family.

http://sutured.com/a-29-year-old-british-woman-died-during-cosmetic-surgery-on-her-bum/

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A breast cancer survivor has gone viral after sharing this powerful photo that shows her breastfeeding her baby son while proudly displaying the scar from her mastectomy.



32-year-old Bo Smith from Sugar Land, Texas, posted the powerful photo of her with 10-day-old son James on Facebook and wrote: 'Never be ashamed of a scar'.

“Never be ashamed of a scar. It simply means you were stronger than whatever tried to hurt you. I can’t begin to explain how this feels everyday to be able to breastfeed my son, after losing one breast to cancer and being told I may not ever have this sweet boy in my arms. I am not ashamed of this body. This is what continues to remind me of how lucky I am to be here today. ”



In an interview with FEMAIL, Bo explained how she was diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer, a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer, after discovering a lump in 2015.



She also revealed that her fiancé James Cofer, 34, had proposed to her just a month before, and they were making plans for their wedding before she was diagnosed.

'I was devastated. My first words were, “My life is over. I will never be a mom,” she said.

'I still remember sitting with my oncologist as she held my hand and explained that there was only a 40 per cent chance of living to five years, and feeling so drained and numb that I couldn’t even cry.'



Bo underwent chemotherapy treatment, before having a mastectomy of her left breast.

'I opted to keep my right breast so that I may one day have a chance to breastfeed my future children,' she explained.

After undergoing radiotherapy, she was told that she was in complete remission, but discovered the cancer treatment had affected her fertility.

'Two years after treatments, I was cleared to try to get pregnant,' she explained. 'My doctor explained that we may have the best luck just going straight into IVF because of how my fertility was affected, but I wanted to try as naturally as possible in the beginning.'


According to her, she placed on a hormone therapy drug, letrozole, to help her conceive naturally. Three days before Christmas last year, she discovered that she was pregnant.

'I woke up and took a test, expecting a negative. It was positive! I took about 50 more just to be sure,' she said.

Describing how it felt to welcome baby son James into the world, she said: 'I felt I would never be here today.

'I watched friends pass away from the same disease I had. I watched women lose so much and I thought there was no hope, but hope always. It’s there. Keep faith.'

Explaining why she decided to post the picture on Facebook, she added: 'I posted the image as a way to show that no matter what scars you hold, there are always ways to find a positive to them.

'Yes, I lost my breast, but I still have my other one to feed my beautiful son. Scars are nothing more than a story of where you have been in your life, and you should be proud of them and yourself, for getting through whatever it was that got you them.'

More Surgery News >>> http://sutured.com/blog/

No one likes getting wrinkles, but a new study suggests that some wrinkles may be more than just a sign of aging — they might signal heart disease risk.

The study, from researchers in France, found that people with numerous, deep forehead wrinkles — more than is typical for their age — were more likely to die from heart disease, compared with those without forehead wrinkles.

The study authors said that, if the findings are confirmed with additional research, looking at forehead wrinkles could be an easy, low-cost way to help identify people at high risk for heart disease.
"You can't see or feel risk factors like high cholesterol or hypertension," lead study author Yolande Esquirol, an associate professor of occupational health at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse in France, said in a statement. "We explored forehead wrinkles as a marker because it's so simple and visual. Just looking at a person's face could sound an alarm; then we could give advice to lower [the] risk" of heart disease," said Esquirol, who presented the findings in Munich yesterday (Aug. 26) at ESC Congress 2018, the annual conference of the European Society of Cardiology.

However, the study found only an association between forehead wrinkles and an increased risk of heart disease; and so the findings don't mean that wrinkles definitely indicate heart disease.

Moreover, the researchers noted that looking at forehead wrinkles wouldn't take the place of assessing people for classic risk factors, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels. But if a person has a lot of deep forehead wrinkles, it could raise a red flag, they said. "Forehead wrinkles may be a marker of atherosclerosis," or hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup, Esquirol said. [9 New Ways to Keep Your Heart Healthy]

The exact reason for the link is unknown, but "some factors that may lead to premature aging of the skin can contribute to premature aging of the arteries" and atherosclerosis, said Dr. Gregg Fonarow, a professor of cardiovascular medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, who was not involved with the study.

Previous studies have found a link between other visible features — including male-pattern baldness, earlobe creases and xanthelasma (pockets of cholesterol under the skin) — and heart disease risk.

In the new study, the researchers analyzed data from more than 3,200 French adults who were ages 32, 42, 52 and 62 at the start of the study. The participants underwent an exam in which doctors assessed their forehead wrinkles and assigned the participants a score based on the number and depth of the wrinkles. A score of zero meant no wrinkles, while a score of 3 meant "numerous deep wrinkles."

The participants were followed for about 20 years, during which 233 of the participants died of various causes.

People with a wrinkle score of 1 were five times more likely to die from heart disease, and people with a wrinkle score of 2 or 3 were nearly 10 times more likely to die from heart disease, compared with people with a wrinkle score of 0.

The findings held even after the researchers took into account factors that could affect people's risk of death from heart disease, including their age, gender, education level, smoking status, blood pressure, heart rate, lipid levels and whether they had diabetes.

The new findings "suggest that the presence or absence of forehead wrinkles may provide some insight into future [risk of early death], and … could potentially be considered more than skin-deep," Fonarow told Live Science.

Still, Fonarow said that future studies are needed to confirm the findings and to evaluate the link in broader populations of adults.

More>>> http://sutured.com/what-forehead-wrinkles-might-tell-you-about-your-heart-health/

Even the occasional drink is harmful to health, according to the largest and most detailed research carried out on the effects of alcohol, which suggests governments should think of advising people to abstain completely.

The uncompromising message comes from the authors of the Global Burden of Diseases study, a rolling project based at the University of Washington, in Seattle, which produces the most comprehensive data on the causes of illness and death in the world.

Alcohol, says their report published in the Lancet medical journal, led to 2.8 million deaths in 2016. It was the leading risk factor for premature mortality and disability in the 15 to 49 age group, accounting for 20% of deaths.

Current alcohol drinking habits pose “dire ramifications for future population health in the absence of policy action today”, says the paper. “Alcohol use contributes to health loss from many causes and exacts its toll across the lifespan, particularly among men.”

Most national guidelines suggest there are health benefits to one or two glasses of wine or beer a day, they say. “Our results show that the safest level of drinking is none.”

The study was carried out by researchers at the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), who investigated levels of alcohol consumption and health effects in 195 countries between 1990 to 2016. They used data from 694 studies to work out how common drinking was and from 592 studies including 28 million people worldwide to work out the health risks.

Moderate drinking has been condoned for years on the assumption that there are some health benefits. A glass of red wine a day has long been said to be good for the heart. But although the researchers did find low levels of drinking offered some protection from heart disease, and possibly from diabetes and stroke, the benefits were far outweighed by alcohol’s harmful effects, they said.

Drinking alcohol was a big cause of cancer in the over-50s, particularly in women. Previous research has shown that one in 13 breast cancers in the UK were alcohol-related. The study found that globally, 27.1% of cancer deaths in women and 18.9% in men over 50 were linked to their drinking habits.

In younger people globally the biggest causes of death linked to alcohol were tuberculosis (1.4% of deaths), road injuries (1.2%), and self-harm (1.1%).

In the UK, the chief medical officer Sally Davies has said there is no safe level of drinking, but the guidance suggests that drinkers consume no more than 14 units a week to keep the risks low. Half a pint of average-strength lager contains one unit and a 125ml glass of wine contains around 1.5 units.

While the study shows that the increased risk of alcohol-related harm in younger people who have one drink a day is small (0.5%), it goes up incrementally with heavier drinking: to 7% among those who have two drinks a day (in line with UK guidance) and 37% for those who have five.

One in three, or 2.4 billion people around the world, drink alcohol, the study shows. A quarter of women and 39% of men drink. Denmark has the most drinkers (95.3% of women, and 97.1% of men). Pakistan has the fewest male drinkers (0.8%) and Bangladesh the fewest women (0.3%). Men in Romania and women in Ukraine drink the most (8.2 and 4.2 drinks a day respectively), while women in the UK take the eighth highest place in the female drinking league, with an average of three drinks a day.



“Alcohol poses dire ramifications for future population health in the absence of policy action today. Our results indicate that alcohol use and its harmful effects on health could become a growing challenge as countries become more developed, and enacting or maintaining strong alcohol control policies will be vital,” said the report’s senior author, Prof Emmanuela Gakidou.



“Worldwide we need to revisit alcohol control policies and health programmes, and to consider recommendations for abstaining from alcohol. These include excise taxes on alcohol, controlling the physical availability of alcohol and the hours of sale, and controlling alcohol advertising. Any of these policy actions would contribute to reductions in population-level consumption, a vital step toward decreasing the health loss associated with alcohol use.”

Dr Robyn Burton, of King’s College London, said in a commentary in the Lancet that the conclusions of the study were clear and unambiguous. “Alcohol is a colossal global health issue and small reductions in health-related harms at low levels of alcohol intake are outweighed by the increased risk of other health-related harms, including cancer,” she wrote.

“There is strong support here for the guideline published by the Chief Medical Officer of the UK who found that there is ‘no safe level of alcohol consumption’.”

Public health policy should be to prioritise measures to reduce the numbers who drink through price increases, taxation, or setting the price according to the strength of the drink (minimum unit pricing), followed by curbs on marketing and restricting the places where people can buy alcohol.

“These approaches should come as no surprise because these are also the most effective measures for curbing tobacco-related harms, another commercially mediated disease, with an increasing body of evidence showing that controlling obesity will require the same measures,” she wrote.

Ben Butler, a Drinkaware spokesperson, said: “This new study supports existing evidence about the harms associated with alcohol. Our research shows that over a quarter of UK adults typically exceed the low risk drinking guidelines and are running the risk of serious long term illnesses.”

But David Spiegelhalter, Winton professor for the public understanding of risk at the University of Cambridge, said the data showed only a very low level of harm in moderate drinkers and suggested UK guidelines were very low risk.

“Given the pleasure presumably associated with moderate drinking, claiming there is no ‘safe’ level does not seem an argument for abstention,” he said. “There is no safe level of driving, but government do not recommend that people avoid driving. Come to think of it, there is no safe level of living, but nobody would recommend abstention.”

http://sutured.com/no-healthy-level-of-alcohol-consumption-says-major-study/

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There’s a reason that breast cancer awareness among the American public is high. According to the American Cancer Society, one in eight American women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime. Every year, patients and their caregivers increase the disease’s visibility further through awareness efforts like wearing pink ribbons or walking to raise money for research.

Awareness, however, sometimes has a way of lulling us into a false sense of familiarity. In reality, breast cancer is much more complex than many people realize. Here are some of the most common breast cancer myths to watch out for:

1. There is only one type of breast cancer. Breast cancer is not simply one disease. It’s classified into different types based on the unique characteristics of an individual’s tumor, including the subtype, size, lymph node status and stage, among others. These factors directly affect what treatments are most appropriate, such as the type of surgery, whether or not to receive radiation, and which regimen of chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or targeted therapy is most likely to be effective.

2. A lump always means breast cancer. Finding a lump in your breast during a self-exam can be scary, but it doesn’t mean you have to panic. Around eight out of ten lumps are actually benign, according to the American Cancer Society. There are more than a dozen conditions other than breast cancer that may result in a lump, from cysts to hyperplasia to mastitis. Instead of jumping to conclusions, if you find a lump call your doctor for a breast exam.

3. Breast cancer always manifests with clear symptoms. Some breast cancers become apparent through swelling, pain, redness or a lump that can be detected by a self-exam. More often, though, cancers are symptom-free and are first detected by a mammogram or another imaging scan. The bottom line is that you can’t count on symptoms to alert you to the fact that you might have cancer. That’s why regular mammograms are so important if you are eligible.

4. If you don’t have a family history of breast cancer, you won’t get it. 5% to 10% of breast cancers are hereditary, based on gene mutations that can be passed down by your mother or your father. But parental genes are not a factor in most breast cancers, so even if you don’t have a family history it’s important to discuss breast cancer screening with your doctor.

5. Young people don’t get breast cancer. For adult women, there is no age that is “safe” from breast cancer, even if you’re otherwise healthy. According to the National Cancer Institute, although the median age at diagnosis is 62, about 1.8% of women diagnosed with breast cancer are under 35, and 10.5% are under 45. Even if you haven’t started regular mammograms, it’s always appropriate to discuss anything suspicious with your doctor.

More Info >>> http://sutured.com/cure-breast-lump-without-surgery/

Eating fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, or mackerel at least once a week may help prevent heart attacks and other serious cardiovascular problems. That’s according to a recent scientific advisory from the American Heart Association, which reaffirms a long-held observation about the health benefits of seafood.

You’ll potentially reel in the biggest benefit if you replace less healthy foods — such as red meat or processed meats — with seafood entrees. For example, choose salmon over steak, and swap the ham on your sandwich for tuna.

“Eating two servings of fatty fish per week, which averages out to about 250 milligrams of omega-3 fatty acids a day, has been linked to a lower risk of heart attack and other cardiac issues,” says Harvard Medical School professor Dr. Bruce Bistrian, who is chief of clinical nutrition at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Some of this benefit appears to come from the cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids, he explains.

More >>> http://sutured.com/seafood-suggestions-for-heart-health/

Social media is increasingly making teens dissatisfied with their appearance and obsessed with achieving a filtered version of “perfection,” even going so far as to pursue plastic surgery, say medical professionals.

Dr. Neelam Vashi, director of Ethnic Skin Center at Boston University’s School of Medicine, published an article analyzing the new trend in Jama Facial Plastic Surgery last week.

“A new phenomenon, dubbed ‘Snapchat dysmorphia,’ has patients seeking out cosmetic surgery to look like filtered versions of themselves…with fuller lips, bigger eyes, or a thinner nose,” she said.

Among Snapchat’s more popular features are its facial filters, which change users’ appearance in a phone camera. New filters are offered regularly. Some change a person’s face to look like animals, superheroes, or inanimate objects. Others create a more subtle, modified version of the users themselves – smoothing their skin, whitening their teeth, narrowing their face, enhancing their lips and eyes.


Before photo-editing was readily available for the public to use, Vashi wrote, people idolized the often-unrealistic beauty of celebrities, who were the only people with easy access to photo-editing technology.

But now that the general public has access to this technology, she said, it has altered their expectations of beauty. Instead of bringing photos of celebrities to plastic surgery consultations, patients are bringing in pictures of themselves, with specific angles or lighting.

“I just see a lot of images that are just really unrealistic, and it sets up unrealistic expectations for patients because they’re trying to look like a fantasized version of themselves,” she told Inverse.

According to the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, more than half of clinicians in 2017 saw patients asking to “look better in their selfies.”

Dr. Laura Cusamano, a postdoctoral fellow at Potomac Behavioral Solutions in Arlington, Va., works with patients struggling with body image and has seen the same trend. She said the idealization of celebrities has morphed into users of social media idealizing altered images of themselves.

“In recent decades, American media has propagated a distorted view of beauty, privileging certain body types, skin tones, hair colors, and facial features. Beauty ideals have come in the form of celebrities, whose ‘perfect’ images are often Photoshopped,” she told CNA.

“With the advent of social media, the ability to alter one's appearance is literally at one's fingertips. Applications like Snapchat provide the opportunity for users to discover the ‘perfect’ image of themselves to share with their peers and the world.”

Cusamano voiced concern that Snapchat Dysmorphia may lead young people to compare their bodies not only with digitally altered images of themselves, but also with similar images of family and friends. This could lead to eating disorders, self-esteem problems, and other issues, she said.


She also worries that the new trend may push ill individuals further into Body Dysmorphic Disorder, a condition related to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in which individuals suffer from “excessive preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in their physical appearance.”

“They become obsessed with what they consider to be imperfections, and they often spend a great deal of time trying to examine, improve, or mask their supposed flaws,” she said. The disorder is associated with anxiety and depression, as well as shame and low self-esteem.

Cusamano said nearly 75 percent of people with the disorder seek surgery, cosmetic treatment, and dermatological work. She said these individuals may also encounter suicidal ideation.

When asked about how to correct this trend of Snapchat Dysmorphia, she said people should pay attention to how social media is affecting their life, noticing whether they find themselves becoming jealous of other users.

People may need to take a temporary break from social media or follow accounts designed to spread positive messages about the human body, she said.

Cusamano also stressed the importance of recognizing the dignity of the human person.

“Remembering that you are created in the image and likeness of God and asking God to help you see yourself as He sees you is a wonderful way to work on transforming your self-image,” she said.

More >>> http://sutured.com/teens-are-requesting-plastic-surgery-to-look-like-snapchat-filters/

If you’ve ever passed a kidney stone, you probably would not wish it on your worst enemy, and you’ll do anything to avoid it again. “Kidney stones are more common in men than in women, and in about half of people who have had one, kidney stones strike again within 10 to 15 years without preventive measures,” says Dr. Brian Eisner, co-director of the Kidney Stone Program at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital.
Even though kidney stones can be common and recur once you’ve had them, there are simple ways to help prevent them. Here are some strategies that can help:

1. Drink enough water. A 2015 meta-analysis from the National Kidney Foundation found that people who produced 2 to 2.5 liters of urine daily were 50% less likely to develop kidney stones than those who produced less. It takes about 8 to 10 8-ounce glasses (about 2 liters total) of water daily to produce that amount.

2. Skip high-oxalate foods. Such foods, which include spinach, beets, and almonds, obviously raise oxalate levels in the body. However, moderate amounts of low-oxalate foods, such as chocolate and berries, are okay.

3. Enjoy some lemons. Citrate, a salt in citric acid, binds to calcium and helps block stone formation. “Studies have shown that drinking ½ cup of lemon juice concentrate diluted in water each day, or the juice of two lemons, can increase urine citrate and likely reduce kidney stone risk,” says Dr. Eisner.

4. Watch the sodium. A high-sodium diet can trigger kidney stones because it increases the amount of calcium in your urine. Federal guidelines suggest limiting total daily sodium intake to 2,300 milligrams (mg). If sodium has contributed to kidney stones in the past, try to reduce your daily sodium to 1,500 mg.

5. Cut back on animal protein. Eating too much animal protein, such as meat, eggs, and seafood, boosts the level of uric acid. If you’re prone to stones, limit your daily meat intake to a quantity that is no bigger than a pack of playing cards.

More >>> http://sutured.com/kidney-stones-treatment/

A team of surgical staff has been suspended for taking selfies mid-operation and posting them on social media.
The group of medical professionals, including the surgeon, anaesthesiologist, two surgical assistants and a surgical nurse, work at the Hospital San Jose de Capilla del Senor, in the district of Exaltacion de la Cruz in the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires.

The images were taken during an operation and posted on the social media account of one of the surgeons, Lorena Olguin, who works in the gastroenterology area of the hospital.

The photos show the medical team looking at the camera with their surgical masks and gowns on.

One of them shows three of them standing over the patient lying on the operating table, and another with the whole team showing the equipment used in the surgery and bits of gauze with blood on it.

The hospital authorities say they have suspended all of those shown in the photo because they consider it irresponsible behaviour.

The image was deleted from social media by Olguin, who told local media that she did not take it, but just shared it on her social media page.

“I have been really affected by all of this, I would like to publicly apologise to the people of Capilla for having visually offended them with these images, it was not the intention of any of us that all this should happen,” she said.

“That day there were several surgeries, random photos were taken, there was talk of selfies, at no time did I pick up my mobile phone. I was operating, they said ‘photo’, I looked at the camera instinctively.

“Later I liked the images, I uploaded them and now all this has happened, there is no way to justify it.”

The Health Secretary of Exaltacion de la Cruz, Ricardo Algranati, told the press that both the doctors and the rest of the staff who participated in the photo have been temporarily suspended.

“They’re all under indictment. The director of the hospital immediately opened an administrative investigation into their actions,” he said.

“The legal department will determine the degree of responsibility of each of those who intervened and the sanction that is to be applied.”

Algranati explained that the five people who appear in the image have been identified. They are the surgeon, an anaesthesiologist, two surgical assistants and the circulating surgical nurse in the operating room.

According to the local health secretary, the intervention in which the selfie was taken was a gastrointestinal operation.

“It’s all rather unseemly, an embarrassing situation, but an inescapable truth,” he concluded.

More >>>http://sutured.com/surgeons-suspended-over-mid-surgery-selfies/

Whether it’s a heart, lung, kidney or liver, many people assume that transplantation is a last resort in treating a failing organ.

But in the case of kidney disease, transplantation is actually the first line of treatment for patients who are candidates to receive a new kidney.

Dialysis vs. kidney transplant

Dialysis artificially does what healthy kidneys do. It pumps blood out of your body, cleans it and returns it to your body. Treatments are usually for three or four hours, three times a week.

“Transplantation is the way to go, and the sooner the better,” says nephrologist Robert Heyka, MD, Chair of Nephrology in the Department of Hypertension and Nephrology. “But the reality is most people will still need to be on dialysis.”

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than 10 percent of American adults – about 20 million people — have chronic kidney disease. Dr. Poggio says 600,000 are on dialysis and 100,000 are on the waiting list for a kidney transplant. Yet only 16,000 transplants are done each year.

What you need to know
Experts say you should know these four facts:

1. Dialysis has both positives and negatives. Some of Dr. Heyka’s patients put off going on dialysis, but when they try it, they may find themselves pleasantly surprised.

“People often say that they didn’t realize how bad they’d been feeling until they got treatment,” he says. “Within the first few months, their appetite is back, they’re gaining weight and they have more energy.”

But the time commitment of dialysis treatments can limit a person’s independence and quality of life.

2. Benefits of transplant outweigh the side effects. “There’s plenty of data that, despite the negatives of transplantation, the short-term and long-term outcomes are much better than those on dialysis,” says Dr. Poggio. “Their quality of life improves, they live better and longer.”

In fact, a landmark 1999 study compared the health outcomes of patients on dialysis waiting for a transplant to those who had already received a new kidney. The study found the long-term mortality rate of transplant recipients was 48 to 82 percent lower than for those on dialysis.

About 30 percent of kidney transplant in the US come from living donors. Those transplants have greater success than transplants from cadavers.

3. Not everyone can receive a transplant. Dr. Poggio considers many factors in deciding who is a candidate for a new kidney, including other medical conditions like diabetes and heart failure. But there are ways you can improve your candidacy.

“Stay healthy and active,” he says. “Manage your conditions that might complicate a transplant — like smoking — and remain compliant with your medical therapies.”

4. Choose your care wisely. Living well on dialysis depends on choosing the right location for your care. Social workers should provide support. Good communication among your healthcare providers is a key factor. And a positive atmosphere with social interaction among patients is also important.

“Don’t be afraid to ask, ‘How often will I see my doctor? What are your rates for hospitalization? Will I see a nurse practitioner?’” says Dr. Heyka. “If you are in the right unit, you’ll get lots of support.”

If you have kidney disease and currently on dialysis, don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor about a kidney transplant. Depending upon your individual situation, it could offer many benefits.

More info >>
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- Types of Surgery

Never has there been a worse time to read for pleasure. The infinite requirements of medical school prompt us to spend more time on Anki and UpToDate than to pick up a book. A powerful novel or memoir, however, can have more of an impact on our training than any class or lecture. Despite the commitment of med school, there are still bits and pieces of time in the first three years that allow for indulgence. For those who enjoy reading, here are five books worth picking up in medical school.

When Breath Becomes Air by Paul Kalanithi
Dr. Kalanithi wrote this book after he learned that he was dying of lung cancer, a seemingly cruel and random diagnosis at the age of 35. He reflects on life and his medical training, an experience that consumed him as it is consuming many of us now. Confronted with death, he has to make each decision with the knowledge that it may be his last. Should he and his wife have a child? Should he push himself to finish training? Move to Wisconsin for a job? Dr. Kalanithi draws on his literary background to write poignantly about the transition from physician to patient and how learning to die has reinforced his passion for medicine. He speaks from the perspective of a resident, someone not so different from ourselves, making this memoir a now classic in the medical school repertoire.

Do No Harm by Henry Marsh
Dr. Marsh, a retired British neurosurgeon, writes crisp, honest prose about his meandering path to surgery. He reflects on difficult cases, ethical dilemmas, and most importantly, on medical errors he made and witnessed during his career. His memoir confirms what we already know but have not yet confronted as medical students: that there are limits to medicine and that much of patient care is out of our control. Many of us will enter specialties that deal with life and death. More than once, we will feel as if these choices are in our hands. Dr. Marsh’s memoir reminds us of the balance between skill and luck that plays into each patient’s life and each physician’s successes and failures. His stories will both reassure and dishearten. For a patient, it is frightening to think of our doctors as fallible. For a doctor, it is reassuring to be reminded that we are only human after all.

Lean In by Sheryl Sandberg
During one of my rotations in medical school, I had a resident who would cut me off during presentations and stand in front of me during rounds. He was kind and patient in other ways, but every morning he symbolically and literally excluded me from the group. I couldn’t help but notice that this never happened to the male medical student on the team. I felt almost sure that the resident didn’t realize what he was doing, but I never found the courage to speak up. These small, mundane occurrences are remnants of a hierarchical, male-dominated field. As we move forward in our training, it will be up to us to shape the culture of medicine. Sheryl Sandberg’s book can teach us how. Lean In is not just a guide on how to find mentors or ask for feedback; it is also a manifesto that shows men and women how to empower themselves and each other. Everyone is biased, she writes. We should discuss it rather than get defensive. “We cannot change what we are unaware of. And once we are aware, we cannot help but change.”

The House of God by Samuel Shem
Published in 1978, this book offers a cynical glimpse into the old ways of medicine. Dr. Shem chronicles his life as a medical intern in Boston, where he starts the year fresh and excited. With each passing month, he is pummeled by the cruel realizations of medicine’s underbelly: the fact that kind, young patients may die while older folks who are ready to go will not. The idea that doing something, whether a treatment or a work-up, may hurt your patient more than doing nothing at all. The House of God is one-of-a-kind funny but also a stark reminder that we will see friends and possibly ourselves struggle tremendously with the demands of residency. Shem’s “rules” of residency look ludicrous on the page but will resonate with every medical student. Read this at least once after your third-year rotations. The strange, gray areas of medicine you have experienced will wade to the top of your mind.

The Refugees by Viet Thanh Nguyen
Fiction may be one of the best ways to help us understand our patients’ diverse lives. Viet Thanh Nguyen, known for his Pulitzer Prize winning book The Sympathizer, debuted this short story collection in 2017. The book features different immigrants’ stories, and some vignettes take on a medical twist. In “The Transplant,” a man accidentally finds out who donated his liver and now feels indebted to the life-saving gift. In “I’d Love You to Want Me,” a woman cares for her aging husband, a man with Alzheimer’s who starts to refer to her by another woman’s name as he deteriorates. The Refugees explores the unique immigrant experience in which a person’s identity is strewn across multiple times and places. Add a medically tinged plot, and it is easy to imagine any character as our own patient.

More info>>> http://sutured.com/top-10-business-books-for-physicians/

Heart transplant surgery involves removing most of your diseased heart and inserting one from a person who has died. You will be called to come to the hospital immediately once you have been assigned a donor heart. Upon arrival, you will go the Coronary Care Unit for a physical exam and more tests, including blood and urine samples.

You will be prepared for surgery, which includes the insertion of intravenous lines and a catheter in your neck to measure the pressure in your heart.

You will be given anesthesia so that you will sleep through the surgery. You also will receive immunosuppressive drugs before and during the procedure to prevent your body from rejecting the new heart.

The surgery involves:

A major incision down your chest. Your breastbone is split in half.
Your main arteries are connected to a heart lung bypass machine to pump your blood and a ventilator will help you breathe.
Most heart transplants are done with a method called orthotopic surgery, where most of your heart is removed but the back half of both upper chambers, called atria, are left in place. Then the front half of the donor heart is sewn to the back half of the old heart.
The donor's aorta and pulmonary arteries are connected to yours. The bypass machine is disconnected and your new heart begins the work of pumping blood.
Your incisions are closed.
This surgery is considered less complicated than most heart bypass surgeries, including coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

For more information:
http://sutured.com/heart-transplant-facts/
http://sutured.com/types-of-surgery/

Breast augmentation is one of the most common cosmetic surgery procedures in the country. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 307,000 women had breast implants placed in 2011. Of course, all of these surgical cases were different and the women chose the procedure for a variety of reasons. However, most breast augmentation patients choose implants for at least one of the following reasons:

1. They want to boost their self-esteem.
Women who are dissatisfied with their appearance often experience a huge increase in confidence following breast augmentation surgery. Cynthia Figueroa-Haas, a researcher at the University of Florida, conducted a comprehensive survey of 84 breast augmentation patients between the ages of 21 and 57. The results conclusively demonstrated that women experience a marked increase in self-confidence following the procedure. Patients' self-confidence rose from 20.7 to 24.9 on the Rosenberg scale.

2.They have disproportionately small breasts.
Micromastia is a medical condition in which a woman's breasts do not fully develop after puberty. There is no absolute definition of micromastia because breast size varies widely; rather, it is indicated by comparison to average breasts sizes and women's self-perception. Women who suffer from micromastia often experience intense embarrassment about their figures. Breast implants can give such women a fuller figure and greater confidence.

3. One breast is larger than the other.
Many women have asymmetrical breasts as a result of micromastia, uneven estrogen levels, growth spurts during puberty, and other factors. While this condition is not uncommon, it can have an enormous impact on a woman's appearance. Many women choose to undergo breast augmentation to even out their figures.

4. They have recently lost weight.
Following significant weight loss, women find that their breasts have lost their full, perky shape. Breast augmentation gives them a fuller chest while they retain their smaller waistline and healthy weight.

5. Their breasts changed shape following pregnancy.
Losing baby weight is a good thing for most women, but some mothers find that after pregnancy and nursing, their breasts droop or get smaller. With breast implants, they can restore their pre-baby body. It is important to note that if they do become pregnant again, breast implants will not impact the health of their baby or their ability to nurse.

6. They have had a mastectomy.
Women who have a mastectomy because of breast cancer or another serious health condition often long to regain their full and healthy figure. Breast reconstruction is a more involved procedure than simple augmentation. While it does include the placement of an implant, it also includes skin grafting and the construction of a nipple and areola

7. They want to boost their sex life.
According to a study by Brazilian cosmetic surgeon Paulo Guimaros, women who receive breast implants typically experience higher levels of sexual arousal and satisfaction. His study focused on 45 women before and after their surgery. Following the procedure, 36 of the women said they noticed a significant increase in their sexual well-being.

8. Their clothes will fit better.
Most women's clothes are designed for a size C cup. By itself, better fashion may not be a good reason to choose breast implants, but when combined with other factors, it can help to improve a woman's quality of life.

9. They want to look younger.
As they age, many women notice that their breasts begin to sag and get smaller. Breast augmentation, especially in conjunction with a breast lift, can restore a youthful, perky look to their figures.

10.They have thought through everything and are confident about their decision.
Choosing breast augmentation is a highly personal decision, and it should never be undertaken lightly. Women should never choose breast implants to please someone else or to meet another person's expectations. However, for women who carefully think through their decision, breast augmentation can have a huge and positive impact on their lives.

More Info:
- http://sutured.com/what-is-breast-augmentation-surgery/