To be a literate, simply means the ability to read and write. From the definition, literacy may be dependent on language, as there is no way you can read and write in for instance, Aramaic, if you have not been taught.
Education on the other hand, has to do with an upgrade/higher/better way of thinking. It changes your phylosophy and the way you live.
To be fair, I believe there are diverse levels of education. To be a literate is of course, a level of education.
IMO, many, if not most Nigerians who think they are educated, are either just literates or have a very low level of education! I say this because of the way many Nigerians, both great and small behave. Look at the way many our so-called professors behave. They are very proud of their achievements, but are we proud of their phylosophy? They are very selfish, running after money instead of integrity. The same can be said of most of our political and spiritual leaders.
I agree education come in various forms, and it is possible for a 'villager' to be better educated than an individual with so much swag, who lives in a mega city. That you can speak English now, with some bombastic vocabularies does not mean you are better educated than those who can't!
You want to know if one is properly educated, check the way he/she thinks, acts/reacts, speaks,reasons,etc. "it is better to be an educated illiterate, than to be an uneducated literate".

The difference is clear if you make use of the most powerful search engine Google™