Extrusion is characterized by higher levels of moisture, heat, and pressure than pelleting. Usually, the mixture of finely ground ingredients is conditioned with steam or water and may be precooked before entering the extruder. Therefore extruded feeds are more firmly bound due to the almost complete gelatinization of the starch and result in less fines than pelleting feed.

Pelleted fish feed, the sinking pellets, are prone to leaching of nutrients into water due to poor stability and disintegration of feed to the bottom waters at feeding. This has been shown to lead to significant quantified losses in aquaculture input management.

Pellets made by extrusion are more resistant to disintegration in water than that of pelleting. There are three types of pellets produced by extrusion: fast-sinking, slow sinking and floating form that is available in all water layers to make a rapid and uniform growth of fish. Moreover, a floating feed allows fish farmers to observe the condition of the fish and the amount of food consumed.

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