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1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession - Politics - Nairaland

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Nnamdi Azikiwe's Speech On The Threat By The North To Secede In 1953. / On Secession: A Legal Perspective / 1949 - Nnamdi Azikiwe's Speech To Ibo People (2) (3) (4)

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1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by OPCNAIRALAND: 1:08am On Sep 08, 2015
In 1953 when Northern Nigerians were beginning to consider secession from the Nigerian colony that would soon be a nation, Nnamdi Azikiwe gave a speech before the caucus of his political party, the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) in Yaba, Nigeria on May 12, 1953.  That speech, while not disallowing secession, suggested that there would be grave consequences if the Northern region became an independent nation.  Ironically, fourteen years later, Azikiwe led his Eastern Region out of Nigeria and created Biafra, a move that prompted a bloody three year civil war.  Azikiwe's 1953 speech appears below.

I have invited you to attend this caucus because I would like you to make clear our stand on the issue of secession. As a party, we would have preferred Nigeria to remain intact, but lest there be doubt as to our willingness to concede to any shade of political opinion the right to determine its policy, I am obliged to issue a solemn warning to those who are goading the North towards secession. If you agree with my views, then I hope that in course of our deliberations tonight, you will endorse them, to enable me to publicize them in the Press.

In my opinion, the Northerners are perfectly entitled to consider whether or not they should secede from the indissoluble union which nature has formed between it and the South, but it would be calamitous to the corporate existence of the North should the clamour for secession prevail. I, therefore, counsel Northern leaders to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of secession before embarking upon this dangerous course.

As one who was born in the North, I have a deep spiritual attachment to that part of the country, but it would be a capital political blunder if the North should break away from the South. The latter is in a better position to make rapid constitutional advance, so that if the North should become truncated from the South, it would benefit both Southerners and Northerners who are domiciled in the South more than their kith and kin who are domiciled in the North.

There are seven reasons for my holding to this view. Secession by the North may lead to internal political convulsion there when it is realized that militant nationalists and their organizations, like the NLPU, the Askianist Movement, and the Middle Zone League, have aspirations for self-government in 1956 identical with those of their Southern compatriots. It may lead to justifiable demands for the right of self-determination by non-Muslims, who form the majority of the population in the so-called ‘Pagan’ provinces, like Benue, Ilorin, Kabba, Niger and Plateau, not to mention the claims of non-Muslims who are domiciled in Adamawa and Bauchi Provinces.

It may lead to economic nationalism in the Eastern Region, which can pursue a policy of blockade of the North, by refusing it access to the sea, over and under the River Niger, except upon payment of tolls. It may lead to economic warfare between the North on the one hand, and the Eastern or Western regions on the other, should they decide to fix protective tariffs which will make the use of the ports of the Last and West uneconomic for the North.

The North may be rich in mineral resources and certain cash crops, but that is no guarantee that it would be capable of growing sufficient food crops to enable it to feed its teeming millions, unlike the East and the West. Secession may create hardship for Easterners and Westerners who are domiciled in the North, since the price of food crops to be imported into the North from the South is bound to be very high and to cause an increase in the cost of living. Lastly, it will endanger the relations with their neighbours of millions of Northerners who are domiciled in the East and West and Easterners and Westerners who reside in the North.

You may ask me whether there would be a prospect of civil war, if the North decided to secede? My answer would be that it is a hypothetical question which only time can answer. In any case, the plausible cause of a civil war might be a dispute as to the right of passage on the River Niger, or the right of flight over the territory of the Eastern or Western Region; but such disputes can be settled diplomatically, instead of by force.

Nevertheless, if civil war should become inevitable at this stage of our progress as a nation, then security considerations must be borne in mind by those who are charged with the responsibility of government of the North and the South. Military forces and installations are fairly distributed in all the three regions; if that is not the case, any of the regions can obtain military aid from certain interested Powers. It means that we cannot preclude the possibility of alliance with certain countries.

You may ask me to agree that if the British left Nigeria to its fate, the Northerners would continue their uninterrupted march to the sea, as was prophesied six years ago? My reply is that such an empty threat is devoid of historical substance and that so far as I know, the Eastern Region has never been subjugated by any indigenous African invader. At the price of being accused of overconfidence, I will risk a prophecy and say that, other things being equal, the Easterners will defend themselves gallantly, if and when they are invaded.

Let me take this opportunity to warn those who are making a mountain out of the molehill of the constitutional crisis to be more restrained and constructive. The dissemination of lies abroad; the publishing of flamboyant headlines about secessionist plans, and the goading of empty-headed careerists with gaseous ideas about their own importance in tile scheme of things in the North is being overdone in certain quarters. I feel that these quarters must be held responsible for any breach between the North and South, which nature had indissolubly united in a political, social and economic marriage of convenience. In my personal opinion, there is no sense in the North breaking away or the East or the West breaking away; it would be better if all the regions would address themselves to the task of crystallizing common nationality, irrespective of the extraneous influences at work. What history has joined together let no man put asunder. But history is a strange mistress which can cause strange things to happen!

Sources:

Nnamdi Azikiwe, Zik: A Selection from the Speeches of Nnamdi Azikiwe, Governor-General of the Federation of Nigeria formerly President of the Nigerian Senate formerly Premier of the Eastern Region of Nigeria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961).

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Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by 4stylz: 1:11am On Sep 08, 2015
I see
Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by OPCNAIRALAND: 1:23am On Sep 08, 2015
Now we are seeing what informed the decision of Ibos to plot coup and forcefully dismantle regional government and introduce unitary governance.

Azikiwe is revealing the connecting dots here. Lol. grin

3 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by vicadex07(m): 2:47am On Sep 08, 2015
OPCNAIRALAND:
Now we are seeing what informed the decision of Ibos to plot coup and forcefully dismantle regional government and introduce unitary governance.

Azikiwe is revealing the connecting dots here. Lol. grin

Wow...so ibos are hypocrites. This piece is quite educating

6 Likes 1 Share

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by aminho(m): 4:11am On Sep 08, 2015
enlightened by the facts now yhey will will call him a yoraba man

3 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by Volksfuhrer(m): 4:49am On Sep 08, 2015
Zik had an ulterior motive for wanting Nigeria to be one: his inordinate ambition to dominate the country. The Eastern Region was simply too small for his ego.

6 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by LoveMachine(m): 6:27am On Sep 08, 2015
May peace be upon the wise Zik of Afrika. This was an enlightening speech.

4 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by mightyhaze: 6:46am On Sep 08, 2015
Volksfuhrer:
Zik had an ulterior motive for wanting Nigeria to be one: his inordinate ambition to dominate the country. The Eastern Region was simply too small for his ego.
zik probly thot at dat time dat he was dealin wit fellow human beings. He certainly lacked d cunnin n schemin nature of his compatriots in d oda regions.well,his ppl paid d great price,but hav since moved on

3 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by mightyhaze: 6:53am On Sep 08, 2015
vicadex07:


Wow...so ibos are hypocrites. This peace is quite educating
how does 'this peace' portray igbos as hypocrites??

5 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by mightyhaze: 7:08am On Sep 08, 2015
OPCNAIRALAND:
Now we are seeing what informed the decision of Ibos to plot coup and forcefully dismantle regional government and introduce unitary governance.

Azikiwe is revealing the connecting dots here. Lol. grin
don't be silly my friend! Dere was no such tin as an igbo coup! It was a military coup exuberantly aimed at correctin d glarin ills of d coutry at dat time.cunnin n dubious ppl like u painted it with an ethnic hue. So major ademoyega and col banjo were igbos too? Cos dey were key actors in d said coup. Ppl like u are d real problems wit nigeria. No one in his right senses can fault azikiwes positions in dese speech. Is it d realistic brotherly considerations for other regions,esp d north wich will b landlocked incase of a secession? Or is it d concerns he had 4 d minorities in d north ? Or d bborder frictions we in d south were likely goin 2 contend wit? U jst determined 2 read silly meanings in dose historical speeches mr man!

3 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by OPCNAIRALAND: 6:25pm On Sep 08, 2015
Volksfuhrer:
Zik had an ulterior motive for wanting Nigeria to be one: his inordinate ambition to dominate the country. The Eastern Region was simply too small for his ego.

Exactly! That and the impending dilemma of what would become of Ibo if North and West seceed.

There is only one direction in which Ibo survives economic hardships and that is by emigrating North and West. Their economic success in South and East is very marginal and unpredictive.

Awolowo, in no small terms, had declared to Britain he would want nothing less than an Independent Yorubaland and we know how much he rubbed it in their face after West attained Regional Independence in 1957. So Awo all along had been on a self-reliance direction.

It is noteworthy that Ibos were massacred in the North in 1947. If North seceeded Ibos will be booted out from everywhere in North. They would have two options, go East or go West. Under Awo's self-sufficiency programmes Ibos would not be able to fit in and will end up lower class citizens. These calculations are what informed Zik and his cohorts to co-opt North and West.

This played out as evidenced in the January 66 selective assassinations of Northern and Western decision makers.

6 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by GstringAngela(f): 11:39pm On Sep 08, 2015
Volksfuhrer:
Zik had an ulterior motive for wanting Nigeria to be one: his inordinate ambition to dominate the country. The Eastern Region was simply too small for his ego.
succint !

Let me tell you something; i disdain ojuku and azikiwe, but i detest azikiwe more than ojuku.

4 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by T9ksy(m): 1:28am On Sep 09, 2015
Volksfuhrer:
Zik had an ulterior motive for wanting Nigeria to be one: his inordinate ambition to dominate the country. The Eastern Region was simply too small for his ego.



Although I do concur with you that Zik had his ulterior motive for wanting one nigeria but i disagree with the reason you suggested. Had he truly wanted to dominate the country, zik would surely have taken up Awo's offer, whilst cognisant of the fact that, in doing so, he would only be able to govern over southern nigeria (which is still a lot more bigger and richer than the Eastern region), as the sardunna would definitely have taken his people out of the unholy and skewed union.

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by Volksfuhrer(m): 6:50pm On Sep 09, 2015
T9ksy:




Although I do concur with you that Zik had his ulterior motive for wanting one nigeria but i disagree with the reason you suggested. Had he truly wanted to dominate the country, zik would surely have taken up Awo's offer, whilst cognisant of the fact that, in doing so, he would only be able to govern over southern nigeria (which is still a lot more bigger and richer than the Eastern region), as the sardunna would definitely have taken his people out of the unholy and skewed union.

Southern Nigeria was already defunct at that point in time. So, ruling Southern Nigeria was no longer on the table: it was either Nigeria or the Eastern Region.

He "refused" the offer of becoming Prime Minister in 1959 not because he didn't desire the post, but because his political career was already in the jaws of the British Lions. It was for this reason I lost respect for Zik. If the British had an axe to grind with Zik and didn't want him to be PM, why didn't Zik step aside for another NCNC politician to become Prime Minister and still go ahead with an alliance with AG? That personal sacrifice would have sufficed to keep power in NCNC control.

2 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by owobokiri(m): 7:04pm On Sep 09, 2015
mightyhaze:
how does 'this peace' portray igbos as hypocrites??

It is the unending season of igbo hating. . Even if Azikiwe announced his decision to commit suicide to help the cause of one Nigeria in this piece, expect crooked minds to find an inventive way of spinning things to mean the opposite. .

3 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by zimoni(f): 7:24pm On Sep 09, 2015
All Hail Azikiwe(The Zik of Onisa) Who Made One Nigeria A Reality.


Only if Zik had insisted like North and West insisted on Independent Nations, there wouldn't have been One Nigeria today.


What has happened has happened. North never wanted to join us, but we convinced and waited for them for three years to form One Nigeria.


We don enter am already, na to dey enjoy the marriage dey go LOLS.


It is well.

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by ArodewilliamsT: 7:28pm On Sep 09, 2015
OPCNAIRALAND:
In 1953 when Northern Nigerians were beginning to consider secession from the Nigerian colony that would soon be a nation, Nnamdi Azikiwe gave a speech before the caucus of his political party, the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) in Yaba, Nigeria on May 12, 1953.  That speech, while not disallowing secession, suggested that there would be grave consequences if the Northern region became an independent nation.  Ironically, fourteen years later, Azikiwe led his Eastern Region out of Nigeria and created Biafra, a move that prompted a bloody three year civil war.  Azikiwe's 1953 speech appears below.

I have invited you to attend this caucus because I would like you to make clear our stand on the issue of secession. As a party, we would have preferred Nigeria to remain intact, but lest there be doubt as to our willingness to concede to any shade of political opinion the right to determine its policy, I am obliged to issue a solemn warning to those who are goading the North towards secession. If you agree with my views, then I hope that in course of our deliberations tonight, you will endorse them, to enable me to publicize them in the Press.

In my opinion, the Northerners are perfectly entitled to consider whether or not they should secede from the indissoluble union which nature has formed between it and the South, but it would be calamitous to the corporate existence of the North should the clamour for secession prevail. I, therefore, counsel Northern leaders to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of secession before embarking upon this dangerous course.

As one who was born in the North, I have a deep spiritual attachment to that part of the country, but it would be a capital political blunder if the North should break away from the South. The latter is in a better position to make rapid constitutional advance, so that if the North should become truncated from the South, it would benefit both Southerners and Northerners who are domiciled in the South more than their kith and kin who are domiciled in the North.

There are seven reasons for my holding to this view. Secession by the North may lead to internal political convulsion there when it is realized that militant nationalists and their organizations, like the NLPU, the Askianist Movement, and the Middle Zone League, have aspirations for self-government in 1956 identical with those of their Southern compatriots. It may lead to justifiable demands for the right of self-determination by non-Muslims, who form the majority of the population in the so-called ‘Pagan’ provinces, like Benue, Ilorin, Kabba, Niger and Plateau, not to mention the claims of non-Muslims who are domiciled in Adamawa and Bauchi Provinces.

It may lead to economic nationalism in the Eastern Region, which can pursue a policy of blockade of the North, by refusing it access to the sea, over and under the River Niger, except upon payment of tolls. It may lead to economic warfare between the North on the one hand, and the Eastern or Western regions on the other, should they decide to fix protective tariffs which will make the use of the ports of the Last and West uneconomic for the North.

The North may be rich in mineral resources and certain cash crops, but that is no guarantee that it would be capable of growing sufficient food crops to enable it to feed its teeming millions, unlike the East and the West. Secession may create hardship for Easterners and Westerners who are domiciled in the North, since the price of food crops to be imported into the North from the South is bound to be very high and to cause an increase in the cost of living. Lastly, it will endanger the relations with their neighbours of millions of Northerners who are domiciled in the East and West and Easterners and Westerners who reside in the North.

You may ask me whether there would be a prospect of civil war, if the North decided to secede? My answer would be that it is a hypothetical question which only time can answer. In any case, the plausible cause of a civil war might be a dispute as to the right of passage on the River Niger, or the right of flight over the territory of the Eastern or Western Region; but such disputes can be settled diplomatically, instead of by force.

Nevertheless, if civil war should become inevitable at this stage of our progress as a nation, then security considerations must be borne in mind by those who are charged with the responsibility of government of the North and the South. Military forces and installations are fairly distributed in all the three regions; if that is not the case, any of the regions can obtain military aid from certain interested Powers. It means that we cannot preclude the possibility of alliance with certain countries.

You may ask me to agree that if the British left Nigeria to its fate, the Northerners would continue their uninterrupted march to the sea, as was prophesied six years ago? My reply is that such an empty threat is devoid of historical substance and that so far as I know, the Eastern Region has never been subjugated by any indigenous African invader. At the price of being accused of overconfidence, I will risk a prophecy and say that, other things being equal, the Easterners will defend themselves gallantly, if and when they are invaded.

Let me take this opportunity to warn those who are making a mountain out of the molehill of the constitutional crisis to be more restrained and constructive. The dissemination of lies abroad; the publishing of flamboyant headlines about secessionist plans, and the goading of empty-headed careerists with gaseous ideas about their own importance in tile scheme of things in the North is being overdone in certain quarters. I feel that these quarters must be held responsible for any breach between the North and South, which nature had indissolubly united in a political, social and economic marriage of convenience. In my personal opinion, there is no sense in the North breaking away or the East or the West breaking away; it would be better if all the regions would address themselves to the task of crystallizing common nationality, irrespective of the extraneous influences at work. What history has joined together let no man put asunder. But history is a strange mistress which can cause strange things to happen!

Sources:

Nnamdi Azikiwe, Zik: A Selection from the Speeches of Nnamdi Azikiwe, Governor-General of the Federation of Nigeria formerly President of the Nigerian Senate formerly Premier of the Eastern Region of Nigeria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1961).

Seriously couldn't see your point but this part was very interesting.

"the Eastern Region has never been subjugated by
any indigenous African invader. At the price of being accused of
overconfidence". Key word here is "AFRICAN INVADER". do you get where am driving at? grin

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by after1: 7:31pm On Sep 09, 2015
ArodewilliamsT:


Seriously couldn't see your point but this part was very interesting.

"the Eastern Region has never been subjugated by
any indigenous African invader. At the price of being accused of
overconfidence". Key word here is "AFRICAN INVADER". do you get where am driving at? grin

Amadi collins, The great rapist and kidnapper.

1 Like 1 Share

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by ArodewilliamsT: 7:32pm On Sep 09, 2015
OPCNAIRALAND, you are yoruba and a muslim. What is your honest view on the dissolution of Nigeria and the birth of Oodua?. grin

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by after1: 7:33pm On Sep 09, 2015
ArodewilliamsT:
OPCNAIRALAND, you are yoruba and a muslim. What is your honest view on the dissolution of Nigeria and the birth of Oodua?. grin

Amadi collins the rapist, Go bury your stinking mother. Shameless being.

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by ArodewilliamsT: 7:34pm On Sep 09, 2015
OPCNAIRALAND, are you confident that yoruba will survive a dissolution of Nigeria.
Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by ArodewilliamsT: 7:35pm On Sep 09, 2015
OPCNAIRALAND, are you confident that yoruba will survive a dissolution of nigeria?
Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by after1: 7:35pm On Sep 09, 2015
ArodewilliamsT:
OPCNAIRALAND, are you confident that yoruba will survive a dissolution of Nigeria.

Amadi collins, the great kidnapper of sad beast cursed land.

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by ArodewilliamsT: 7:35pm On Sep 09, 2015
mightyhaze:
how does 'this peace' portray igbos as hypocrites??

lmao! Awo's free education legacy right there!

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by after1: 7:36pm On Sep 09, 2015
ArodewilliamsT:


lmao! Awo's free education legacy right there!

Amadi collins, Go bury your shameless mother. Bastard

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by ArodewilliamsT: 7:37pm On Sep 09, 2015
after1:


Amadi collins, the great kidnapper of sad beast cursed land.

Arode Tsolaye, you are too dry for me, who is this collins you keep yapping about and why are you angry i borrowed your name? grin

2 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by after1: 7:41pm On Sep 09, 2015
ArodewilliamsT:


Arode Tsolaye, you are too dry for me, who is this collins you keep yapping about and why are you angry i borrowed your name? grin

Buahahaha. You are now insane. I am no more Bayo adetunji? Ahahahaha. You never see anything. May you and that Arode Tsolaye die a miserable death before month end. Heheheheheh

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by Nobody: 7:41pm On Sep 09, 2015
after1:


Amadi collins, Go bury your shameless mother. Bastard

Abobaku, is madness now following you round the world in your desperate bid to escape from late Ooni?

2 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by after1: 7:45pm On Sep 09, 2015
xtrorse:


Abobaku, is madness now following you round the world in your desperate bid to escape from late Ooni?

Osu yeebhoe, cruel death await you and your mother. You will all perish and die like a rat. So shall it be.

3 Likes

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by Nobody: 7:47pm On Sep 09, 2015
after1:


Osu yeebhoe, cruel death await you and your mother. You will all perish and die like a rat. So shall it be.

Abobaku, the frustrated descendant of a fallen demon from a Odua Islamic Republic of Ritual-killers, the fate of your AaraonaKakanfo MKO Abiola who died in a most miserable way shall be your portion.
You shall not escape the unavoidable, impending doom as you and your ilks continue to whine, weep and wail on every available media space on account of Biaf...

1 Like

Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by after1: 7:50pm On Sep 09, 2015
xtrorse:



This coward is cursed. He will quote and come back later to edit the quote and also add insult so you wont notice it. You are a certified bastard and will perish with all your family born and unborn.
Re: 1953 - Nnamdi Azikiwe Speech On Secession by Nobody: 7:55pm On Sep 09, 2015
after1:


This coward is cursed. He will quote and come back later to edit the quote and also add insult so you wont notice it. You are a certified bastard and will perish with all your family born and unborn.

Abobaku, the confirmed hypocritical coward from Odua Islamic Republic of Ritual-killers, your ewedu soup-filled brain must be playing a fast one on you that you dare feign ignorance that your Yoruba tribe is notorious in breeding bastards and streets urchins a.k.a Area boys.

It's no surprise at all as many of your tribesmen keep on making careers out of lies, falsehood, noise-making, propaganda, abuse and slurs.

1 Like

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