PLEASE READ:  The information that i will be giving here is NOT [/b]a substitute for the advice of your physician who can physically examine you and make proper diagnosis. This is for educational purpose [b]ONLY.

First Discussion Will Be On Hepatitis C:

ABOUT HEPATITIS C

WHAT IS HEPATITIS C?

It's a kind of viral hepatitis- a serious liver dieases. other common types of hepatitis include hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Hepatitis C is:


CAUSED BY A VIRUS ( HCV)

Like the hepatitis B virus, HCV is found in blood and other body fluid.  OFTEN CHRONIC. Most people who get HCV carry it for the rest of their lives. Hepatitis C is a major cause of chronic liver disease.  With treatment and self-care, many people who HCV continue to lead healthy lives.

WHY LEARN ABOUT HEPATITIS C?

Because it affects millions of people! Knowing about HCV can help you!

STAY FREE OF HCV

Unlike hepatitis B, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C. But you can take steps to protect yourself from HCV.

STAY HEALTHY AND PROTECT OTHERS, IF YOU HAVE HCV

People with HCV may look and feel healthy. But they still need to care for their illness properly. They also need to take steps to avoid giving HCV to others.


HCV IS SPREAD MAINLY THROUGH INFECTED BLOOD



People at risk include those who:

SHARE NEEDLES OR OTHER DRUG EQUIPMENT

Items used to inject, sniff or snort drugs (such as needles, syringes or cocaine straws) can spread infected blood. Sharing needles for tattooing, body piercing or any other reason also puts a person at risk.

HAD A BLOOD TRANSFUSION BEFORE JULY 1992

The risk of getting HCV through a blood transfusion is very low today. All donated blood is now screened for HCV. (DO not donate blood if you out you have HCV.)

ARE EXPOSED TO BLOOD ON THE JOB.

For example, health care workers are risk of getting HCV through needle-stick injuries or other contact with infected blood.

SHARE PERSONAL CARE ITEMS

It's possible to pass HCV by sharing items that could have infected blood on them, such as toothbrushes, razors and nail clippers. DON'T SHARE THOSE ITEMS.

WHAT ABOUT SEX?

It's rare for HCV to spread during sex - but it can happen. The risk may go up in certain cases, including when people:

[list] have multiple sex partners
        have a history of STDs ( sexually transmitted diseases also known as sexually transmitted infections STIs)
        do not use condoms.


HCV IS NOT SPREAD THROUGH CAUSAL CONTACT

Activities that do not involve contact with body fluids are considered safe:
 *  giving a hug
  *  shaking hands
  *  HCV is not spread by food or water

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HEPATITIS C?


If  symptoms appear, they may include:

MILD, FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS

People with hepatitis C may think they the flu or a stomach virus. Their symptoms may include:

* fatigue
*nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain
*loss of appetite and weight loss
*mild fever
*headaches

OTHER SYMPTOMS


Hepatitis C sometimes causes:

* jaundice ( yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes)
*dark urine
*light-colored bowel movement

MOST PEOPLE HAVE NO SYMPTOMS

Often, people with hepatitis C do not look or feel sick.
but they can still
*infect others
*have liver damage

IF YOU THINK YOU MIGHT HAVE HCV,

talk with your health-care provider. Generally a diagnosis of hepatitis C is based on a:

MEDICAL HISTORY

Given as much information as you can about any possible exposure to infected blood-no matter how long ago

PHYSICAL EXAM

Your health-care provider may check to see if your liver is swollen or tender

BLOOD TEST

This can help tell if you have HCV or any liver damage.( your blood may also be tested for other kinds of hepatitis, such as hepatitis B.)

YOU MAY NEED MORE THAN ONE SHOULD BLOOD TEST TO CONFIRM HCV.

That's because sometimes a test is:
* false positive---- it indicates HCV when it's not really there
* negative------ it does not find HCV although the person has been infected. (HCV may take several weeks or months to show up)

you can also take a home blood test. Ask your health-care provider or check you local pharmacy.

IF YOU HAVE HEPATITIS C,

Follow your health-care provider's advice. He or she recommend that you:

GET FOLLOW-UP TESTS

* More blood tests may be done to watch for changes in your liver.
* A liver biopsy may also be needed. This involves taking a tiny sample of liver tissue to check for liver damage. it can also be used to help decide
   how to treat the diseases.

AVOID ALCOHOL

Drinking alcohol can cause more damage to your liver, allowing hepatits C to develop faster. your health care provider may advise you not to drink alcohol at all.

TAKE MEDICATION

In some cases, medication may slow the disease. ( talk with your health care provider about the risks benefits and side effects of any medication)

**** Get vaccinations( shots) to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B if your halth care provider recommeds it. Ask about the hepatitis A and B   
          combination shot if you over the 18 years old.

AVOID OR LIMIT CERTAIN MEDICATIONS

For example, acetaminophen, a drug in some over the counter pain relivers, may harm a damaged liver more. Talk with your health care provider before taking any medications, vitamins or alternative remedies.

LIVE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

* Eat a variety of healthy foods
* Get enough rest and exercise, ( talk to your health care provider before starting an exercise program.)
* Take special care of yourself when you don't feel well. For example, you may need to get extra rest, drink high calorie drinks (such as Juice) and
   eat small, frequent meals.

KEEP A POSITIVE OUTLOOK!

Many people with HCV have no signs of serious illness for decades. And new treatment are being researched.

HELP STOP THE SPREAD OF HCV AND OTHER VIRUSES

that can be passed through blood and other body fluids. These include the hepatitis B virus and HIV.

NEVER SHARE NEEDLES OR ANY OTHER DRUG EQUIPMENT

Don't share needles to:
* inject illegal drugs
*inject medications, such as insulin
*make a tattoo
* pierce a body part

NEVER SHARE PERSONAL CARE ITEMS

Don't share:
*toothbrushes
*razors
*manicure items, such as scissors, nail clippers or nail files or any other similar items

ABSTAIN FROM SEX

Not having sex is the only sure way to avoid getting HCV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) through sex. Consider showing affection in other ways. for example, you can share feelings or thoughts or spend special times together.

USE MALE LATEX CONDOMS IF YOU DECIDE TO HAVE SEX

Condoms aren't 100% effective. But they can help protect againist HCV, HIV, and other STDs. (Some STDs can be caused by contact with infected areas not covered by a condom)
Be sure to use a new latex condom properly for each act of vaginal, anal, or MouthAction. Remember, you can get STDs (including HIV) from anal and MouthAction, too.

[b]TAKE EXTRA STEPS IF YOU HAVE HCV[/b]

* Don't not donate blood, plasma, sperm( semen), organs, or other body tissue.
*Cover cuts, sores and any other breaks in your skin.

REMEMBER- there's no vaccine for hepatitis C. And once you get HCV, you are likely to have it for life.

HERE ARE MORE TIPS TO AVOID SPREADING HEPATITIS C AND OTHER DISEASES

Passed through blood or other body fluids:
If you inject illegal drugs.

IF YOU KEEP SHOOTING DRUGS,

Take steps to reduce your risk
* Never share or reuse needles or syringes, or any other drug equipement ( cotton, rinse, water, cookers etc.)
*Use a new, sterile needle and syringe each time.

ALWAYS CLEAN YOUR NEEDLE AND SYRINGE

If you choose to share or reuse them.
* Rinse them with clean water several times.
* Fill them to the top with clean, full-strenght bleach. Leave the bleach in for at least 30 seconds. Then squirt it out. Do this at least 3 times.
* Fill them to the top with clean water. Then squirt it out. Do this at least 3 times.
Shake your needles and syringe while cleaning them.
REMEMBER- It's safer never to share needles, syringes, cotton or any other equipment!

IF YOU DECIDE TO HAVE SEX,

Use a new latex condom properly every time.

* Read the label and instructions carefully. They should say the condom helps protect against STDs. Check the Expiration date
* Handle the condom carefully Don't use damaged or expired condoms
* Put it on as soon as the penis is hard and before any vaginal, anal or oral contact.
* Gently squeeze out any air from the tip of the condom, leaving space for semen. Unroll it to the base of the penis
* Use water- based Lubricant, Such as K-Y Brand Jelly, for vaginal and anal sex. Don't use latex condoms with products that have oil. These include
    Petroleum jelly, massage oils, body lotions and vaginal products that have oil. The oil can make latex condoms break
* Pull out right after coming. Hold on to the base of the condom as you do
* Throw away the used condom. Never reuse condoms
* Store condoms in cool, dry place away from sunlight.

WHAT IS GENITAL HERPES?


Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2. Most individuals have no or only minimal signs or symptoms from HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection. When signs do occur, they typically appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals or rectum. The blisters break, leaving tender ulcers (sores) that may take two to four weeks to heal the first time they occur. Typically, another outbreak can appear weeks or months after the first, but it almost always is less severe and shorter than the first outbreak. Although the infection can stay in the body indefinitely, the number of outbreaks tends to decrease over a period of years.

HOW COMMON IS GENITAL HERPES?

Results of a nationally representative study show that genital herpes infection is common in the United States. Nationwide, at least 45 million people ages 12 and older, or one out of five adolescents and adults, have had genital HSV infection. Over the past decade, the percent of Americans with genital herpes infection in the U.S. has decreased.

Genital HSV-2 infection is more common in women (approximately one out of four women) than in men (almost one out of eight). This may be due to male-to-female transmission being more likely than female-to-male transmission.

HOW DO PEOPLE GET GENITAL HERPES?

HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be found in and released from the sores that the viruses cause, but they also are released between outbreaks from skin that does not appear to have a sore. Generally, a person can only get HSV-2 infection during sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection. Transmission can occur from an infected partner who does not have a visible sore and may not know that he or she is infected.

HSV-1 can cause genital herpes, but it more commonly causes infections of the mouth and lips, so-called “fever blisters.” HSV-1 infection of the genitals can be caused by oral-genital or genital-genital contact with a person who has HSV-1 infection. Genital HSV-1 outbreaks recur less regularly than genital HSV-2 outbreaks.

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF GENITAL HERPES?

Most people infected with HSV-2 are not aware of their infection. However, if signs and symptoms occur during the first outbreak, they can be quite pronounced. The first outbreak usually occurs within two weeks after the virus is transmitted, and the sores typically heal within two to four weeks. Other signs and symptoms during the primary episode may include a second crop of sores, and flu-like symptoms, including fever and swollen glands. However, most individuals with HSV-2 infection never have sores, or they have very mild signs that they do not even notice or that they mistake for insect bites or another skin condition.

People diagnosed with a first episode of genital herpes can expect to have several (typically four or five) outbreaks (symptomatic recurrences) within a year. Over time these recurrences usually decrease in frequency. It is possible that a person becomes aware of the “first episode” years after the infection is acquired.

WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF GENITAL HERPES?

Genital herpes can cause recurrent painful genital sores in many adults, and herpes infection can be severe in people with suppressed immune systems. Regardless of severity of symptoms, genital herpes frequently causes psychological distress in people who know they are infected.

In addition, genital HSV can lead to potentially fatal infections in babies. It is important that women avoid contracting herpes during pregnancy because a newly acquired infection during late pregnancy poses a greater risk of transmission to the baby. If a woman has active genital herpes at delivery, a cesarean delivery is usually performed. Fortunately, infection of a baby from a woman with herpes infection is rare.

Herpes may play a role in the spread of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Herpes can make people more susceptible to HIV infection, and it can make HIV-infected individuals more infectious.

HOW IS GENITAL HERPES DIAGNOSED?

The signs and symptoms associated with HSV-2 can vary greatly. Health care providers can diagnose genital herpes by visual inspection if the outbreak is typical, and by taking a sample from the sore(s) and testing it in a laboratory. HSV infections can be diagnosed between outbreaks by the use of a blood test. Blood tests, which detect antibodies to HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection, can be helpful, although the results are not always clear-cut.

IS THERE A TREATMENT FOR HERPES?

There is no treatment that can cure herpes, but antiviral medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks during the period of time the person takes the medication. In addition, daily suppressive therapy for symptomatic herpes can reduce transmission to partners.

HOW CAN HERPES BE PREVENTED?

The surest way to avoid transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including genital herpes, is to abstain from sexual contact, or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected.

Genital ulcer diseases can occur in both male and female genital areas that are covered or protected by a latex condom, as well as in areas that are not covered. Correct and consistent use of latex condoms can reduce the risk of genital herpes.
Persons with herpes should abstain from sexual activity with uninfected partners when lesions or other symptoms of herpes are present. It is important to know that even if a person does not have any symptoms he or she can still infect sex partners. Sex partners of infected persons should be advised that they may become infected and they should use condoms to reduce the risk. Sex partners can seek testing to determine if they are infected with HSV. A positive HSV-2 blood test most likely indicates a genital herpes infection.

MODEL/ACTIVITY

**General physical (or leisure) activity

Example:

~ Walking (3-4 mph)
~  Gardening
~  Golfing (no cart)
~ Active play (volleyball, basketball, softball, ping pong etc)

Duration/Frequency

Accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate physical activity on most days of the week while not exceeding caloric intake requirement.

Benefits

Improves overall health; helps manage body weight and prevent gradual unhealthy weight gain in adulthood

** Cardiovascular (or aerobic exercise)

Examples

~ Jogging ~ roller skating ~ cross country skiing
~Tennis
~Biking ~ speed skating ~ bench stepping
~ fast Walking (4-5 mph)
~Swimming ~ running
~Rowing
~Dancing ~ rope jumping
~Stair climbing
~ treadmill walking or running ~ bicycling

Duration/ Frequency


20+ minutes of sustained aerobic activity 3 to 5 minutes per week

Benefits

Helps lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels and reduce risk for heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and certain types of cancer

** Resistance (strength) training


Examples

~ Lifting weights
~push-ups
~sit-ups
~pull-ups
~chair stands

Duration/Frequency

20-45 mintues per session, 2 to 3 nonconsecutive days per week (eight or more exercise, 1-3 sets, 10-15 reps)

Benefits

Maintains muscle mass and strenght; promotes strong bones reduces risk and symptoms of arthritis; improves glycemic control

** Stretching

Examples

~ Standing or Seated toe touch
~ overhead reach
~yoga

Duration/Frequency

Hold each positioned stretch for 20-30second; do on most; preferably all, days of the week

Benefits

Reduces risk for injuries and falls; maintains and increases muscle and joint flexibility


Benefits of regular activity

~ better health
~improved fitness
~better posture and balance
~better self esteem
~weight control
~stronger muscles and bones
~feeling more energetic
~relaxation and reduced stress
~continued independent living later in life
~improved sleep
~enhanced immunity
~lowered risk of diabetes
~" " " " " " " " high blood pressure
~ increased quality of life
~ lowered risk of certain cancers
~ less stress and anxiety

Health Risks of inactivity


Cardiovascular diseases
   
      ~ Coronary artery diseases
      ~ congestive heart failure
       ~ hypertension
       ~ Stroke
        ~ peripheral artery disease

Metabolic Dieases

~ type 2 dibates
~ obesity
~ low levels of HDL cholestrol ( which is the good type)
~ high levels of LDL cholestrol ( the bad type) and total cholesterol
~  gallbladder diseases

Cancers

~ Breast cancer ( exercise lowers your risk)
~ colon cancer
~ prostate cancer
~ pancreatic cancer ( very deadly)
~ melanoma

( when you are physically fit, your body has a better and higher chance of fighting diseases)
Pulmonary Diseases

~ Asthma

Immune Dysfunction

~ susceptibility to viral infections

Musclosketal disorders


~ Osteoporosis
~ Physical frailty

Neurological disorder

~ cognitive dysfunctions

So get your butt up and exercise~ IF YOU LOVE YOUR LIFE BETTER TAKE GOOD CARE OF YOUR HEALTH.

For Fitness, remember the FIT

F~ Frequency: number of exercise sessions per week; at least three to five sessions per week are recommended.

I ~ Intensity: how hard you exercise for example, the degree of exertion while exercising; it is recommended that you exercise at 55 to 90 percent of   you maximum heart rate per minute - known as your target heart rate

T~ Time: duration or length of time that you exercise with your heart rate elevated into your target heart rate zone, the minimum amount is though to be 20-30 minutes per session.


Schedule of Hydration Before, During and After Exercise (SHBDAE)


When to Drink                                         Amount to Drink

2-3 hours before exercise                         About 2-3 cups

Every 15 minutes during exercise              6-12oz
   beginning at the start of exercise

After Exercise                                          2 cups fluid for each pound of body weight lost

NOTE:  these guidelines (SHBDAE) are for exercise lasting less than 1hr. during intense exercise lasting more than 1hr, the consumption of approximately 1 liter of sport drink per hour containing 4-8 percent carbohydrate per liter is recommended to maintain oxidation of carbohydrates and delay fatigue.

Antioxidant

~ Broccoli family
~ carrots
~ citrus fruit
~ cocoa/ chocolate
~ flaxseed
~ grapes/juice
~ honey
~ horseradish
~ raspberries
~ tomatoes and many others

Maintains Vision


~ blueberries
~ broccoli
~carrots
~ corn products
~eggs
~ leafy greens

Reduces Cancer Risk


~ Apples
~ Beans
~ Berries
~ broccoli family
~ citrus fruits
~ corn products
~ flaxseed
~ garlic
~ grapes/juice
~ green or black tea
~ milk products
~ onion family
~ rye products
~ salmon
~ soy products
~ tomatoes
~ wheat bran products

Improves Heart Health


~ apples
~ beans
~berries
~ fish (salmon, marckerel, sardines
~flaxseed
~garlic
~grapes/juice
~ green or black tea
~ milk products
~ oat products
~ onion family
~ psyllium containing bread and cereals
~ soy products
~walnuts

Maintains Urinary Tract Health


~ blueberries
~ cranberries

Reduces Blood Pressure

~ bananas
~celery
~cheese
~garlic
~milk
~soy products

Improves Gastrointestinal Health

~ bananas
~ honey
~horseradish
~Jerusalem artichokes
~ milk
~onion family
~ yogurt

Improves Bones Health


~ cheese
~ Milk
~ milk products
~soy milk products
~soy nuts

A FRIEND OF MINE URINATES A LOT THIS DAYS AND TOLD ME HE NOW SUDDENLY REALISED IT HAS BEEN THE CASE FOR ABOUT 2 YEARS NOW.
HE HAS DONE SERIES OF TEST FOR DIABETES, IN FACT I TOOK HIM TO MY HOSPITAL WHERE HE ONE ABOUT A WEEK AGO. THE BLOOD AND THE FASTING BLOOD SUGAR BOTH CAME NEGATIVE. BUT THE NUMBER OF TIMES HE URINATES IS NOT UNSUAL. SOMETIMES WE JUST JOKE ABOUT IT BUT I KNOW IT WORRIES HIM.
THE LAST DOCTOR SAID HE CANNOT BE LOOKING FOR WHATS NOT THERE. BUT ONE SAID IT COULD BE A HOMONE THAT TELLS THE KIDNEY THE QUANTITY OF WATER TO RETAIN WHEN IT DOES ITS NORMAL SCAN OF THE WATER IN OUR BODIES. I TEND TO BELIEVE HIM MORE AND HOPE IF THAT IS THE CASE THERE IS A PERMANENT SOLUTION.
OR WHAT DO YOU THINK.

What kind of doctors evaluated him? a Urologist or a general physician?

when you say he urinates "too much" like how many times day?

IS he drinking too much fluid like alcohol or caffeine during the day?

How old is he?

Does he experience any pain during urination?

Is he taking any current medications? because some medications like diuretics used in treating high BP (blood pressure) can make one urinate more often

As long as the doctors has done the necessary tests and ruled out any possibility of urinary tract infection, enlarged prostate,  or overactive bladder and diabetics then he just need to take step to manage the frequency of the urination.

however, i do think it would will be much better if a Urologist  or an endocrinologist evaluated him.

There are two classifications of vitamins. there are Water- Soluble Vitamins and Fat Soluble Vitamins.

The water ones are the ones that dissolve in water and the fat ones are the ones that dissolve in fat. the 9 water soluble vitamins --- -- which is made up of 8 vitamin B and vitamin C---- are found in watery compartment of foods such as the juice of an orange.
The fat soluble ones are generally found in fats and oils of the foods.

WATER SOLUBE VITAMINS INCULUDE:

* B VITAMINS
     
  ~ Thiamins
  ~ Riboflavin
  ~ Niacin
  ~ Vitamin B6
  ~ Folate
  ~ Vitamins B12
  ~ Biotin
  ~ Panthothenic acid

* VITAMIN C

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

~ Vitamins A
~ Vitamin D
~ Vitamin E
~ Vitamin K

Water Souble Vitamins ( Vitamin B group)


Thiamin:         Best Food Sources:                                      
                   
                   ~ Meat, pork, fish, liver, whole grain         
                       and enriched bread, cereals,
                       grain products, nuts, legumes
                        and poultry,

Role

~ it helps enzymes release energy from carbohydrates. it supports normal appetite and nervous system functions

Deficiency:

Beriberi, edema, muscle weakness, impaired growth, heart irregularity, apathy and mental confusion.


Riboflavin:       Best Food Sources
                         
                           ~ Milk, Yogurt, cottage cheese, leafy vegetables, whole grain, grains products and cereals

Roles:

         ~ helps enzymes release energy from carbohydrates, fat, and protein. promotes healthy skin and normal vision


Deficiency:

       Eye problems, skin disorders around nose and mouth, magenta tongue, hypersensitivity to light

tbc . , . .

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FROM THE OFFICE OF THE CEO AND PRESIDENT TREVO LLC; Mark Anthony Stevens. Next year 2015 there will be two destination tour. The first category is for all DIAMONDS and EXECUTIVES. The second category is for all DIRECTORS and LEADERS. Hmmmm... Partners i think this is another oppurtunity to get our travelling dreams come true. (although personally i feel there "might" be some sort of points competition required). Can't wait for 2015 and all it holds friends. happy new year.
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