The axilla is the name given to an area that lies underneath the glenohumeral joint, at the junction of the upper limb and the thorax. It is a passageway by which neurovascular and muscular structures can enter and leave the upper limb.
Apex – Also known as the axillary inlet, this is formed by lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle.
Lateral wall – Formed by intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Medial wall – Consists of the serratus anterior and the thoracic wall (ribs and intercostal muscles).
Anterior wall – Contains the pectoralis major and the underlying pectoralis minor and the subclavius muscles.
Posterior wall – Formed by the subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi.
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