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Distillation is the process of separating, concentrating and purifying liquid by boiling it and then condensing the vapor produced.
The following include the methods of distillation:
• Differential distillation: In this method of distillation, the vapor produced or formed when a still initially full is heated at constant rate, on boiling, the liquid is removed from the system. The liquid which is removed from the bottom of the distillation column at the end of the process is the liquid which did not vaporize.
• Flash or equilibrium distillation: this is frequently carried out in a continuous process. It consists of vaporizing a definite fraction of the liquid feed in such a way that the vapor evolved reaches an equilibrium state with the residual liquid. The feed is usually pumped in through a heater and it enters the ‘still’ through a valve where the pressure is reduced. The still is an essential separation by which the produced liquid and vapor in a reduced pressure have sufficient time to reach equilibrium state. The liquid leaves from the bottom while the vapor is removed from the top of the separator and it is then condensed

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