Diabetes which is often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic diseases whereby a person (or other animals) has high blood sugar due to an inability to produce, or inability to metabolize, sufficient quantities of the hormone insulin. Diabetes comes from a Greek word which means ‘siphon’.

Types of diabetes
There are basically three types of diabetes and they include

1.Type 1 diabetes
In this types of diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Most people may refer to this type of diabetes as insulin-dependent diabetes or early on-set diabetes. Statistics have shown that about 10% of diabetes cases are mostly type 1.
Patients with type 1 diabetes would need regular intake of insulin by means of injection, they should all ensure proper blood glucose level by carrying out the blood test and following the proper diet for type 1 diabetes.

2.Type 2 diabetes
In this types of diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin for proper function or the cell do not react to insulin also known as insulin resistance. Statistics have shown that about 90% of the diabetic case suffer from type 2 diabetes. Some people may be able to control their type 2 diabetes by daily exercise, weight loss, healthy diet, and monitoring their blood glucose level. However type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease, over a period of time it gets worse and the patient will definitely end up taking insulin. The chances of developing type 2 diabetes increases as one gets older the reason being that as we grow old, we tend to put in more weight and become less physically active. According to researchers from the University of Scotland, Men with low testosterone have a higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes.

3. Gestational diabetes
This of diabetes is most common in pregnant females, this occurs as a result of high level of glucose in the blood, their body unable to provide enough insulin for proper transportation of glucose to the blood cells resulting in a progressively rising of blood glucose. Most patient with gestational diabetes can control it with a healthy diet and daily exercise, only about 10-20% may need the use of medication for control. Research has shown that women whose diet contain cholesterol and animal fat before pregnancy have higher chances of having gestational diabetes than women with low cholesterol and animal fat in their diet before pregnancy.

Diabetes Symptoms
The common symptoms of diabetes may include frequent urination, unusual weight loss, weight gain, intense hunger, and thirst, cut and bruises that never heal, male sexual dysfunction.
ALSO READ; EARLY WARNING SYMPTOMS & SIGNS OF DIABETE

What is prediabetes?
Most patient who suffer from type 2 diabetes initially had what we call prediabetes. In this case, their blood glucose level was higher than normal but not as bight as to get a diabetic diagnosis.

How to know what type of diabetes who have
There are three possible test to determine if you’ve got a normal metabolism, diabetes or prediabetes
They include;

The A1C Test;
During the A1c test, 6.5% indicates that you have diabetes.
Between 5.7-5.99% indicates prediabetes.
And 5.7% indicates Normal metabolism.

The FPG(fasting plasma glucose)
During this test, 126mg/DB indicates diabetes
Between 109-125mg/DB indicates prediabetes
Less than 100 indicates normal metabolism.

The OGTT(oral glucose tolerance test)
During this test, 200mg/DB indicates diabetes
Between 140 and 149.9mg/DB indicates prediabetes
And 140mg/DB indicates normal metabolism.

Treatment and control for diabetes
Diabetes has no cure but it can be treated and maintained, most people manage to get rid of their symptoms through a healthy diet, exercise, and weight control.

Patient with type 1 diabetes is usually treated with a regular injection, a healthy diet, and daily exercise.
Patient with type 2 diabetes is usually treated using tablets special diet, but in most cases, the use of insulin injections are required. If diabetes is not properly controlled it could lead to a lot of complications.
The complication which may include
Hypertension
Eye complication
Food complication
Heart problem
Stroke
Skin problem
Infection

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