FreshBoss007:
story story..... story

Olu317:
Great info.....Keep it up

toboint:
nice one.

I imagine the way the the world would have been shaped if Kerma actually wiped out Egyptian civilization

Rossikki:


It's really amazing to see how organized and advanced we were over 5,000 years ago.

Definitely, without all those foreign invasions from Arabs and Europeans, we would have been like Wakanda by now.

Olu317:
Well the tide changed at the decline of Ethiopian-kmet-Cush power(Darkskin Pharaoh era). Beside,Egyptian hieroglyphs,papyrus,pictographs really showed the extent the development in Africa during that era,which housed all humanity under her roof.

Horus:
The Deffufa Temples in Kerma, Nubia, Sudan at least 9,500 years old.
Kerma (now known as Dukki Gel), a Nubian term which can be roughly translated as “red mound”wink was the capital city of the Kingdom of Kerma, which was located in present day Sudan. The Kerma site has been confirmed by archaeology to be at least 9,500 years old. Around 3000 BC, a cultural tradition began around Kerma. Kerma was a large urban center that was built around a large mud brick temple, known as the Western Deffufa.

The Eastern Deffufa lies 2 km east of the Western Deffufa. The Eastern Deffufa is shorter than the Western Deffufa, just two stories high.
It is considered a funerary chapel, being surrounded by 30,000 tumuli or graves. It has two columned halls. The walls are decorated with portraiture of animal in color schemes of red, blue, yellow, and black and stone laid floors. Exterior walls were layered with stone.
The third deffufa is of similar structure as the Eastern Deffufa.

Rossikki:


Not many folks know about the great black African city of Kerma, capital of the Kerma Kingdom. Founded in 3000 BC, it is one of the oldest known established urban centres on earth. Its descendants became the great Kushites or Nubians, who defeated Roman forces in battles, conquered Egypt, and became great historical rivals of the Egyptian empire.

''Around 3000 BC, a cultural tradition began around Kerma. It was a large urban center that was built around a large adobe temple known as the Western Deffufa. As a capital city and location of royal burials, it sheds light on the complex social structure present in this society.''

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerma


Kerma Kingdom:

''The Kingdom of Kerma was located in what is today, Sudan. This kingdom has been regarded as the first Nubian state, and its capital, Kerma, is today an important archaeological site.''

https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/forgotten-kingdom-kerma-and-its-incredible-deffufas-006597



''By 1750 BC, the kings of Kerma were powerful enough to organize the labor for monumental walls and structures of mud brick. They also had rich tombs with possessions for the afterlife .... George Reisner excavated sites at Kerma and found large tombs and palace-like structures. The structures, named (Deffufa), alluded to the early stability in the region.''


Statues of pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (Black Pharaohs) discovered near Kerma

In 2003, archaeologist Charles Bonnet heading a team of Swiss archaeologists excavating near Kerma discovered a cache of monumental black granite statues of the Pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt now exposed in the Kerma Museum. Among the sculptures were ones belonging to the dynasty's last two pharaohs, Taharqa and Tanoutamon, whose statues are described as "masterpieces that rank among the greatest in art history."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerma_culture



''Kerma was occupied continuously from 2,500 BCE until 1,500 BCE dating it to much the same time period as the Old and the Middle Kingdoms in Egypt. This agricultural and urban state controlled the area from the first to the fourth cataract and there is evidence they were an important trading power with an agricultural hinterland supporting an urban elite.''

Kerma City:

''Clearly this was a sophisticated urban center, with the wealth and strength to threaten the Egyptian Pharaonic power. Indeed some have suggested that perhaps the preceding communities known as Pre-Kerma (that emerged in the 4th Millennium BCE) had an influence on the development of Egyptian culture, suggesting that the early cultural influence and innovation came from the south and travelled north with the current on the Nile.''

http://www.somuchmoretosee.com/2017/05/the-ancient-civilization-of-kerma-sudan.html

Kerma Ruins
[img]https://3.bp..com/-ztaPVRb5PcA/WRIip5eYIBI/AAAAAAAATp0/QWue2nd8h6o8a3Eq0qZ0lMDIrnPfFkzzgCLcB/s640/IMG_0031.JPG[/img]
[img]https://4.bp..com/-lCz893rl3jU/WRIiodw-QCI/AAAAAAAATpU/OqphXWujNj4Ndf3o68Rg2mKPKj-qUMB9wCLcB/s640/IMG_0022.JPG[/img]

Kerma’s Monuments


The Western Deffufa


One of the types of monumental work believed to have been built during this time is called the deffufa. The word ‘deffufa’ is either derived from the Nubian term for a mud-brick building or from the Arabic word ‘daffa’, meaning ‘mass’ or ‘pile’. There are three known deffufas, i.e. the western deffufa, the eastern deffufa, and a third lesser known deffufa.

''The western deffufa is the best preserved of the three. Like the other two deffufas, the walls of the western deffufa are constructed of mudbricks. In the scorching heat, these walls help to cool the interior of the structure. The western deffufa has been measured to be 18 m (59.06 ft.) in height, and covers an area of about 1400 square meters (15069 sq. ft.) There are columned chambers connected by a network of passageways in this three store structure. The decorations and paintings on the interior walls have also been preserved, and a shrine on the roof of the building has been discovered. Whilst the western deffufa is almost certainly connected to the religious life of the people of Kerma, its precise function is still uncertain.''

''At one point, Kerma came very close to conquering Egypt. Egypt suffered a serious defeat at the hands of the Kushites. According to Davies, head of the joint British Museum and Egyptian archaeological team, the attack was so devastating that if the Kerma forces chose to stay and occupy Egypt, they might have eliminated it for good and brought the great nation to extinction.''

http://www.crystalinks.com/nubia.html



Nubian Ruins near Kerma


Nubian Pyramids, Sudan

2,000-year-old relief Carving Shows Stylishly Plump African Princess of Kerma/Nubia


''Classic Kerma is when the Kingdom of Kerma experienced its golden age. It was during this period that its rulers successfully took control of Egyptian fortresses and gold mines in the Second cataract. The strength and importance of this kingdom may also be seen in the alliance that was proposed to them by the Hyksos in Lower Egypt around 1580 BC. Furthermore, monumental constructions were undertaken during this time to reflect the might of the kingdom.''

https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/forgotten-kingdom-kerma-and-its-incredible-deffufas-006597

morpheus24:


Those pics are misleading, the phenotypes and body structure of those Africans look closer to West-African/Bantu types than anything that would have existed that long ago in what is now known as Sudan.

The features of Nile valley people would fall in line with most Dinka, Nuer, Kikuyu, Masai and Nubian peoples of the Nile Valley region who have some of the oldest genetic makeup in Africa.

Pictographically misleading

Rossikki:


There is widespread oral, linguistic, cultural and archaeological evidence that the 'West African/Bantu types' occupied northern Africa and the levant in ancient times, in addition to the 'Sudanic' Africans, and that the ancestors of many or most occupants of the present-day West African forest region, migrated from the north and the east in antiquity.

Here is a sculpture of Pharaoh Narmer, also known as Menes 1, the first king to unify Upper and Lower Egypt into a single country, dated to 32000 BC.

........................[img]https://2.bp..com/-nSc1KyeCVIk/WCGdC8djf3I/AAAAAAAALz8/GwqFw29UUiI_KhPMAEj2sDdcB5cxpGchQCK4B/s400/Menes.jpg[/img]

He looks like former Nigerian president Obasanjo to me

Horus:
1 - You can see the city of Kerma on the map below

2 - Abandoned statue at Kerma

Horus:
The Deffufa Temples in Kerma, Nubia, Sudan at least 9,500 years old.
Kerma (now known as Dukki Gel), a Nubian term which can be roughly translated as “red mound”wink was the capital city of the Kingdom of Kerma, which was located in present day Sudan. The Kerma site has been confirmed by archaeology to be at least 9,500 years old. Around 3000 BC, a cultural tradition began around Kerma. Kerma was a large urban center that was built around a large mud brick temple, known as the Western Deffufa.

The Eastern Deffufa lies 2 km east of the Western Deffufa. The Eastern Deffufa is shorter than the Western Deffufa, just two stories high.
It is considered a funerary chapel, being surrounded by 30,000 tumuli or graves. It has two columned halls. The walls are decorated with portraiture of animal in color schemes of red, blue, yellow, and black and stone laid floors. Exterior walls were layered with stone.
The third deffufa is of similar structure as the Eastern Deffufa.

morpheus24:


Can you point me to where archaelogists were able to date these sites to about 9,500 and what method was used?

morpheus24:

I would like to see this evidence during "the periods" aforementioned and not anytime before or after. In other words what "ancient" period are you referring to?

I would also like to see any archaelogical evidence for the "time period" you are discussing. The natufians would be the earliest groups of people Prior to the Kemetians to have formed any measurable history in and around the levant and north east Africa but they most likely emanate from East Africa and would not cluster with West African types both pheno or geno-typically.

DNA evidence would support this as well seeing that older Y chromosomal DNA resides within groups in the Sudanic, Nilo- Saharan, Chadic and East African areas outside of the Khoisan and are almost at a zero level within West African-Bantu types. There is a correlation with phenotype and geno-type although this does not imply causation.

West and Central African-Bantu types, though the most successful to spread across Africa would not have been prominent in and around these areas during "the period" in discussion,therefore the picture I questioned is misleading.

Your reference to the pharoah's pics is implicit interpretation and subjective. That stone sculpture looks Chinese to me. It is neither here nor there. Egyptian paintings do not depict anyone who lived around them with a West Africa/bantu phenotype. The closest depictions resemble the Sudanic types.

Rossikki:


Can't you read? You saw the date I gave there, being 3200 BC approximately. A quick search of Pharaoh Narmer will tell you what year he lived. Have you even heard of him? You seem to be more into DNA and genetics than actual African history.

Rossikki:

The highlighted shows you are an unserious person, as I've no clue what a 'Chinese' person would be doing ruling in Egypt five thousand years ago. The fact that it looks 'Chinese' to you actually buttresses the point that it is West African, as West Africans, apart from maybe the Khoisans of SA, are closest to the Chinese phenotype in Africa. In other words if you painted a Chinese man black he would look like a West African before anyone else.

Horus:
Nubian archers, Medja Temple Relief, Nubia

Horus:
Nubian archers, Medja Temple Relief, Nubia

Rossikki:


Wow...9,500 years old...Thanks for that, Horus. I wonder what will be found if they keep digging in that place.