TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITEREATURE REVIEW

2.2 WHAT IS JUNK FOOD

2.3 MAJOR CONTENTS IN JUNK FOOD

2.4 HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF CONSUMPTION OF JUNK FOOD

2.5 10 REASONS WHY JUNK FOOD IS BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH

2.6 WHY JUNK FOOD IS CALLED JUNK FOOD

CHAPTER 3

3.0 CONCLUSIONS

3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCE





TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE / LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 USE OF COMPOSITE FLOUR IN BISCUIT MAKING

2.2 THE ROLE OF BISCUIT IN SUPPLEMENTARY AND EMERGENCY FEEDING

2.3 WHEAT FLOUR IN BISCUIT MAKING (DEFINITION)

2.4 NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHEAT FLOUR

2.5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT FLOUR

2.6 ORIGIN OF WHEAT

2.7 HEALTH BENEFIT OF WHEAT

2.8 USE OF WHEAT

2.9 LIMITATIONS OF WHEAT

2.10 ORIGIN OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN

2.11 NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN

2.12 HEALTH BENEFITS OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN

2.13 USES OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN

2.14 LIMITATIONS OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN

2.15 PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF AFRICAN YAM BEAN

2.16 ORIGIN OF CASSAVA

2.17 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CASSAVA

2.18 USES OF CASSAVA

2.19 NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE OF CASSAVA

2.20 HEALTH BENEFITS OF CASSAVA

2.21 LIMITATION OF CASSAVA

2.22 RAW MATERIALS FOR BISCUIT MAKING

2.23 NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF BISCUIT

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 RECIPES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BISCUITS

3.2 FORMULATION OF FLOUR BLENDS

3.3 BISCUIT PRODUCTION

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 RESULT OF SENSORY EVALUATION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES



CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Urbanization is charging the food habits and preferences of the populace towards convenient foods, which influence their nutritional intake. Most of the snacks consumed are high in carbohydrate. The use of composite flour has been encouraged since it reduces the importation of wheat.

Biscuits, which are usually produced from cereal flours (mainly wheat) are consumed extensively all over the world, including the developing counties, where protein and caloric malnutrition is prevalent particularly among women and children. The increasing phenomenon of urbanization coupled with the growing number of working mothers, have contributed greatly to the popularity and increased consumption of snack foods (Singh et al; 1989). However, this increasing importance of snack foods such as biscuit in today’s eating habits has not been fully exploited in the developing countries. This is probably as a result of the prohibitive cost of baked products (Tsen et al; 1973). Since this crops is not currently cultivated in the tropics, there is need to look inwards for local raw materials with optimum nutritive value and good processing characteristics, to substitute wheat in baked products.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta L) is the staple food of the poorer section of the population of many tropical counties rich in carbohydrate and has minute quantities of protein, vitamins and minerals (Ihekoronye and Ngoddy, 1985) which can result in malnutrition in some areas where it is the main item of diet (Kay, 1987). Although supplementation is necessary, it is not the solution of the elimination of micro nutrient deficiency disorder but rather the simple and most sustainable approach is fortification of staple food with limiting micronutrient (Ihekoronye and Ngoddy, 1985). Therefore the nutritional value of cassava root and its products such as cassava flour can be improved through food composites and fortification with other protein-rich crops with a reasonable amount of fats, vitamins and minerals (Enwere, 1998). One of such crops is the African yam bean.

The African yam bean known as Odudu, Azama or Okpodudu by the Igbo’s belongs to the family Febaceae, which was formally classified under the sub-family


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