In 2017, the World Economic Forum (WEF) ranked Nigeria 125 out of 137 countries in its Global Competitiveness Report. The WEF survey found that Nigeria’s potential for structural change was impeded by inadequate investment in infrastructure, technology, higher education and innovation. Nigeria has long depended on oil as its economic mainstay with paltry attempts at diversification over the years. But a recent Bloomberg report finds that this one-source revenue base is unsustainable. Moreover, Nigeria is yet to regain its economic bearings following the 2014 crash in global oil prices. Experts find a viable alternative in the non-oil sector and available statistics from the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) justify this. At a tax-related interactive session with the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN) held in February, FIRS Chairman Babatunde Fowler disclosed that the non-oil sector outpaced the oil sector with a significant 54% contribution to the N5.32 trillion revenue generated in 2018. “Moving the government’s revenue away from oil dominated foreign earnings to more predictable sources have the potential to accelerate the country’s economic growth,” he said.
But making the switch is not as easy as it sounds, thanks to Nigeria’s abysmal tax compliance levels. Fowler reinforced this when he argued that most businesses in the country charge customers Value Added Tax (VAT) for products supplied or services rendered but do not remit same to the government as statutorily required. As such, government lacks the incentive to deliver on capital projects that will fast-track the economic growth collectively envisaged.
A Legacy of Tax Evasion
In 2014, then Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, disclosed that 65% of companies in Nigeria had declined to forward their tax returns and a whopping 75% were not in the FIRS tax net. During the FIRS Stakeholders Engagement Forum organised in Lagos at the time, she maintained that the much vaunted case for economic diversification would gain little traction without a steady pipeline of alternative income sources such as taxation: “We have engaged in a process of increasing our non-oil taxes. Every Nigerian wants to see us depend less on oil, and more on the other resources of the economy.” But by 2015, the situation was no different. Chairman of the Edo State Internal Revenue Service (EIRS) argued that 80% of taxable Nigerians had no Tax Identification Number (TIN) and were therefore out of the tax net. At the Annual Tax Conference (ATC) organised by the Chartered Institute of Taxation (CITN) in Abuja at the time, he reportedly said this state of affairs was denying Nigeria lots of revenue that could ordinarily be invested in economic development. “When you calculate the tax income revenues Nigeria ought to have made and deduct it from the amount realised, we will all understand Nigeria is missing much,” he said. Year 2017 saw only 214 people in populous Nigeria paying taxes above N20 million. During a parley focused on economic growth jointly organised by the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bloomberg, then Minister of Finance Kemi Adeosun emphasised that Nigeria’s infrastructural deficit could only be addressed through a national culture of consistent tax payment: “We have just 40 million active tax payers out of an estimated 69.9 million…and of that 40 million, majority are PAYE, those who have their taxes deducted at source.” She disclosed the government’s plans to recruit 7,500 community tax officers tasked with educating the citizenry about the significance of tax compliance. If statistics from 2018 are anything to go by, Ms Adeosun’s community engagement did little more than skim the surface. FIRS disclosed that over 6,772 billionaires do not pay tax. This category of individuals have between N1billion and N5 billion in their accounts, but no Tax Identification Number (TIN) with which they can file the statutory percentage of tax returns on their income.

Source: Vanguard

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