Welcome, Guest: Register On Nairaland / LOGIN! / Trending / Recent / New
Stats: 3,152,991 members, 7,817,919 topics. Date: Saturday, 04 May 2024 at 11:00 PM

Allow Herdsmen To Graze Freely Near Your Farm - Agriculture - Nairaland

Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Agriculture / Allow Herdsmen To Graze Freely Near Your Farm (553 Views)

Man Laments Destruction Of His Plantain Farm By Fulani Herdsmen In Ekiti (Video) / Man Sees Herdsmen On His Farmland, Confronts Them Gently (Video) / Fulani Herdsmen Burn A Man's Farm In Ekiti After Being Warned (Photos) (2) (3) (4)

(1) (Reply) (Go Down)

Allow Herdsmen To Graze Freely Near Your Farm by sammyNardo: 9:58am On Jul 12, 2019
When you read this, you probably ask yourself again what I mean by that. I mean exactly that. Just as they claim they have the freedom to roam about, so too you have the right to plant whatever you want in your farm.
I have an article here detailing deadly plants to livestock. All you need to do is to plant this about 10-20 feet around the perimeter of the main open area of your farm where the bastards can come in to wreck their usual havoc.
We do have equivalent local ones that will deter cows like Jatropha (Yorubas calls it lapalapa or Botuje), Senna Alata (Yoruba- Ewura-igbo), Castor oil (you deter them and kame money from it at the same time) but these are also interesting.
Let the bastards have a free reign on them!!
(You can read the full article here https://www.beefmagazine.com/pasture-range/0505-fact-sheet-poisonous-plants)
Many poisonous plants emerge in the early spring before grasses begin to grow. During cool wet springs, poisonous plants often gain an advantage over the grasses and if livestock are turned out too early, poisoning may occur. This is especially true for low larkspur, lupines, water hemlock and poison hemlock. Low larkspur is short-lived and high risk in early spring, and once seeds have shattered very little risk from low larkspur remains. Tall larkspurs are often high risk in early to mid summer when the flower/seed heads are prevalent. Storm episodes often drive cattle into areas where tall larkspur is prevalent and large cattle losses may result. Nightshades, while they emerge early, are more likely a contaminant of harvested forages than a risk for pasture-grazing animals. The toxin does not degrade in hay or silage.

These fact sheets provide information about symptoms of each plant toxicity, when and where the plants usually occur, how they affect livestock and how you can reduce loss.
Poisonous Plants Fact Sheets:
• Lupine
• Death camas
• Nightshades
• Poison hemlock
• Water hemlock
• Larkspurs (tall and low)
Fact Sheet: Lupine
Signs and lesions of lupine poisoning:
• Nervousness
• Excessive salivation, frothing at the mouth
• Depression
• Reluctance to move about
• Lethargy, inappetence
• Difficulty in breathing
• Twitching leg muscles
• Loss of all muscular control
• Convulsions
• Coma
• Death
The greatest risk of lupine is “crooked calf syndrome,” caused by pregnant cows or heifers grazing certain lupines during late first trimester or early second trimester. The species of lupine and the alkaloid profile is required to evaluate risk. Cows may give birth to calves with cleft palate and skeletal defects if the cows ingest certain lupines during early gestation (crooked calf syndrome), during the 40 th to the 100 th day of gestation.

Poisonous species of lupine are toxic from the time they start growth in spring until they dry up in fall. Younger plants are more toxic than older plants; however, plants in the seed stage in late summer are especially toxic because of the high alkaloid content of the seeds. Lupines are legumes and are relatively high in protein, especially the seed pods, and may become a preferred forage species when grasses become mature and dry. Under proper conditions, some lupines make good forage.

How lupines affect livestock:
Signs of poisoning and resultant death depends on the alkaloid content of the plant, how rapid the lupine is ingested and for how long. Smaller amounts may be poisonous if cattle eat lupine daily for 3 to 7 days. The major issue for cattle is the birth defects (crooked legs, spine or neck and/or cleft palate). Pregnant cows/heifers must graze some lupine over multiple days during the sensitive stages of pregnancy (40-100 days for cleft palate and skeletal deformities, or 40-50 days for cleft palate only) for deformities to occur.
There is no known treatment for lupine poisoning, except removing the animal from the source and keep the animal calm until recovery occurs..

Fact Sheet: Death Camas
Signs and lesions of death camas poisoning:
• Salivation and bloody frothing
• Nausea and vomiting
• Muscular weakness and staggering
• Pulse fast and weak
• Prostration, labored breathing, gasping
• Coma
• Death due to heart failure
• Death within a few hours to a few days
• Congestion of lungs and kidneys
• Minimal necrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscle
Death camas (Zigadenus spp.) is the common name of several species of plants that are poisonous to livestock. The more toxic of these species are grassy death camas (Z. gramineus), meadow death camas (Z. venenosus), foothill death camas (Z. paniculatus), and Nuttall's death camas (Z. nuttallii).
Death camas contains toxic steroidal alkaloids that occur throughout the plant; plants are dangerous at all times.
The bulb may be mistaken for those of the edible camas or quamash (Cammassia spp.) and can cause severe illness in humans. If bulbs are eaten, take the affected person to the emergency room of the nearest hospital immediately.



Where and when death camas grows:
Some species of death camas thrive on sandy soils; others grow on drier, rocky foothills. The more toxic species are seldom found above elevations of 8,000 ft. Death camas grows early in spring, matures, and enters dormancy during early summer when soil moisture declines.
The leaves appear very early in the spring. In the foothills, death camas generally flowers in April and May. At higher elevations, the plant may flower in late June and July.
How death camas affect livestock:
Death camas causes marked disturbance in respiration and heart action. A 100-lb. sheep may die if it eats ½ to 2 lb of green foliage. The amount of foliage that will cause an animal’s death depends on the species of plant eaten and the rate of consumption. Severely poisoned animals usually die; those less seriously affected may recover.


Fact Sheet: Nightshade
Signs and lesions of nightshade poisoning:
• Labored breathing and expiratory grunt
• Salivation and nasal discharge
• Body temperature may be slightly elevated
• Yellow discoloration of the skin may occur in chronic poisoning
• Apathy, drowsiness, progressive weakness, paralysis, and trembling
• Increased heart rate
• Fat may be yellowed and gelatinous
• Gall bladder may be distended
• Gastrointestinal irritation including inflammation, hemorrhage and ulceration

There are several species of nightshades that are toxic to horses, cattle, swine, sheep and poultry. The genus includes annual and perennial herbs and shrubs that can be found throughout the U.S.
The principal species that serve as examples of the genus are black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), silverleaf nightshade (S. eleagnifolium), and buffalo burr (S. rostratum). Black nightshade is an introduced herbaceous annual weed that can be found growing mostly on disturbed soils and waste areas in the eastern U.S. and into the Midwest. Silverleaf nightshade is a perennial with long creeping rootstocks. Buffalo burr is an annual native to the Great Plains and introduced to the West Coast.
The toxins include a combination of a number of sugars and at least six different steroidal amines combined to form a variety of glycoalkaloids. One example is the toxin solanine. Potatoes are included with this group because the vines are toxic and tubers that have been exposed to light can be toxic to livestock. Drying does not destroy the toxin.
Nightshade species are not very palatable to livestock. However, these plants often grow as weeds in hay and silage crops and small grains where they can be harvested with the crop and then fed to livestock.
How nightshades affect livestock:
Nightshades are generally unpalatable and are not grazed by livestock except under the stress of overgrazing or in contaminated hay and grain. Poisoning by this group of plants does not always end in death. In acute poisoning, the nervous symptoms develop rapidly. Death or recovery occurs within a few hours to 1 or 2 days. Death apparently is related to the paralysis. Chronic poisoning is accompanied by emaciation, rough hair coat, anorexia, constipation and ascites.
Fact Sheet: Poison Hemlock
Signs and lesions of poison hemlock poisoning:
• Nervous trembling
• Neuromuscular stimulation followed by depression and paralysis
• Ataxia, especially lower and hind limbs
• Salivation
• Lack of coordination
• Dilation of the pupils
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Respiratory paralysis
• Coma
• Death
• Convulsions have been reported
• Occasionally bloody feces and gastrointestinal irritation
Skeletal birth defects and cleft palate in calves and piglets if cows or sows eat poison hemlock during susceptible stage of gestation: 40th to 100th days for cows, 30th to 60th days for sows
Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) can be found growing throughout the U.S. Sheep, cattle, swine, horses and other domestic animals are poisoned by eating a small amount. It is also extremely poisonous to humans.
Poison hemlock is sometimes confused with western waterhemlock--a more deadly plant--because the names are similar. (See waterhemlock chapter in this volume.) Poison hemlock has a number of common names, including deadly hemlock, poison parsley, spotted hemlock, European hemlock, and California or Nebraska fern.
Roots of poison hemlock may be mistaken for wild parsnips and eaten by people. The stem of poison hemlock has purple spots on it.
All parts of poison hemlock--leaves, stem, fruit and root--are poisonous. Leaves are especially poisonous in spring up to the time the plant flowers. Fresh leaves are unpalatable, so livestock seldom eat hemlock when other feed is available. The tox-ic compounds are coniine, γ coniceine and related piperidine alkaloids.
How poison hemlock affects livestock:
Poison hemlock ingestion is often fatal. Sheep may be poisoned by eating as little as 4-8 oz. of green leaves. Cattle that eat 10-16 oz. may be affected. Signs usually appear within an hour after an animal eats the plant. Animals die from respiratory paralysis in 2 to 3 hours. Convulsions, which are common in waterhemlock poisoning, seldom occur with poison hemlock.
Skeletal deformities or cleft palate may be induced in offspring of cows, sheep, goats and pigs if poison hemlock is ingested by the mother during susceptible stage of gestation: 40th to 100th days in cows and 30th to 60th days in sheep, goats and pigs. Palate and skeletal deformities in calves are indistinguishable from the lupine-induced crooked calf disease.
Fact Sheet: Waterhemlock
Signs and lesions of water hemlock poisoning:
• Nervousness
• Excessive salivation and frothing
• Muscle twitching
• Dilation of the pupils
• Rapid pulse
• Rapid breathing
• Tremors
• Violent convulsions, grand mal seizures
• Coma
• Death may occur as early as 15 minutes after a lethal dose is consumed
• No significant gross lesions
Water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) is the most violently toxic plant that grows in North America. Only a small amount of the toxic substance in the plant is needed to produce poisoning in livestock or in humans. The toxin, cicutoxin, acts on the central nervous system and is a violent convulsant.
Water hemlock may be confused with poison hemlock because of their similar flowers. However, these two are different plants and cause different types of poisoning. (See poison hemlock chapter in this fact sheet.)
The underground portions of the plant, especially the tuberous roots, are very toxic. People are sometimes poisoned by eating the roots, which they mistake for wild parsnip.
In cases of water hemlock poisoning in humans, take the affected person to the emergency room of the nearest hospital immediately. Call poison control and seek emergency treatment immediately.
Cattle have been known to eat lethal amounts of water hemlock in pastures having adequate forage; therefore, animals should be prevented from grazing over water hemlock-infested areas. Animals have been poisoned by eating roots that have been brought to the surface by plowing or cleaning ditches.

The toxic substance in water hemlock is cicutoxin, a highly poisonous unsaturated alcohol that has a strong carrot-like odor. It is found principally in the tubers but is also present in the leaves, stems, and immature seeds. Leaves and stems lose most of their toxicity as they mature.

Where and when water hemlock grows:
Water hemlock is most commonly found growing in wet meadows and pastures and along stream banks. It starts growing in spring. Water hemlock usually flowers in June or July.

How water hemlock affects livestock:
Livestock usually show signs of poisoning 15 minutes to 6 hours after eating the plant. They develop violent convulsions and may die within 15 minutes to 2 hours after signs appear.


How larkspur affects animals:
Plains larkspur may be eaten by cattle at any time during summer, but early green growth and pods may be most appealing to cattle. Both low and plains larkspurs may be the only green herbage available to cattle in early spring.
The larkspurs contain a number of alkaloids of varying toxicity. The most toxic of these are the MSAL (methyl succidimino acetyl lycoctonine) types, which include methyllycaconitine. Submit a sample to the Poisonous Plant Research lab for analysis.

2 Likes 1 Share

Re: Allow Herdsmen To Graze Freely Near Your Farm by hahn(m): 4:46pm On Jul 12, 2019
Evil dude

Re: Allow Herdsmen To Graze Freely Near Your Farm by MJBOLT: 4:57pm On Jul 12, 2019
what will happen if they sell the meat to us?
Re: Allow Herdsmen To Graze Freely Near Your Farm by Nobody: 7:50pm On Jul 12, 2019
OP you are hilarious. Hahahahahahaha. Good idea by the way
Re: Allow Herdsmen To Graze Freely Near Your Farm by bobschneidere(m): 2:55pm On Aug 25, 2020
You comments seems great especially with a government that hardly ever wants to address the roots cause of farmer-herder conflicts. But, this approach isn't a lasting solution.
Anyway, I doff my hat for you !

(1) (Reply)

The Next Big Thing In Agriculture; Hydroponics Farming System / Rabbit Farming: A Coded Money Spinning Venture. / Chili Pepper And Purple Eggplant Seedlings Available

(Go Up)

Sections: politics (1) business autos (1) jobs (1) career education (1) romance computers phones travel sports fashion health
religion celebs tv-movies music-radio literature webmasters programming techmarket

Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Nairaland - Copyright © 2005 - 2024 Oluwaseun Osewa. All rights reserved. See How To Advertise. 34
Disclaimer: Every Nairaland member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nairaland.