BUS 325 2017 PAST QUESTIONS
1a. Define retirement and explain 2 main types of retirement
1b. Explain the Historic Evolution of Human Resource Management
2a. Discuss the categories (HRM) functions
2b. Write concise notes on the following
- Formal Organization
- Informal Organization
- Responsibility
- Authority
- Accountability
3. Give account of various approaches to job design
4a. Identify 10 sources of Job Analysis information
4b. Job description is written summaries of the basic tasks associated with a particular job. This may also include the nature and scope of the job. Explain the steps taken in job description
5a. Define the term recruitment and analyze areas of recruitment
5b. Define training and core motives of training
6a. Discuss the fundamental assumptions underlying The New Theory Of Management Theory X
6b. What are the various models of communication

BUS 325 2017 PAST ANSWERS
1a. Retirement can be defined as a time when an employee reaches the end of his working life. Retirement may be caused by sickness, reduction capacity or old age
- Mandatory Retirement: It can be defined as involountary job termination of an older worker
- Voluntary Retirement: It can be defined as the self imposed retirement of a younger worker who is not up to the mandatory retirement age
1b. N/A
2a. - Managerial functions: The managerial functions are a set of principles, relating to the functions of planning, organizing, directing & controlling and the application of these principles in harnessing physical, financial, human & informational resources efficiently & effectively to achieve organizational goals
- Operative Function: The operative functions are those tasks or duties which a company entrusts to the (HRM) or personnel department. These include employment, development, compensation, integration & maintenance personnel of the organization
2b. - Formal Organization: This is a system of well defined jobs. Hence the manager decribes orgainzational relationship in a written & formal manner
- Informal Organization: Thry are known as social groups within an organization; such informal groups are spontaneous
- Responsibility: It can be defined as one's obligation to perform the functions assigned to the best of one's ability in accordance with directions received
- Authority: This is thr power to give orders & exact obedience accordingly. It is the power to decide the right thing to do
- Accountability: It can be defined as the requirement of answerability for one's actions or performance
3. - Engineering Approach: According to this approach
× Work should be scientifically studies
× Work should be arranged so that workers can be efficient
× Employees selected for work should be matched to the demand of the job
× Employees should be trained to perform the job
× Monetary compensation
- Human Approach: This approach recognizes the need to design jobs which are interesting & rewarding through 2 methods:
× Motivators
× Hygiene Factors
- Job Characteristics Approach: This approach states that employees will work harder when the work gives them job satisfaction. Hence it suggests that motivation & job satisfaction should be integrated into job design
4a. N/A THERE ARE ONLY 3 SOURCES IN TEXTBOOK & 5 SOURCES ON THE INTERNET
4b. In the steps below, I will outline how to write a job description that is clear, concise & accurate
- Job Title: Every job or job hokder must have a title or description
- Job supervisors: It simpky isentifies & stayes the job holder's boss. This is who the workers report to
- Co-workers& subordinates: The job holders may have a nunber of subordinates under him. In the absence of subordinates, the nunber of employees on the same job with the job holder are stated
- Job Purpose & Scope: The purpose of a job will naturally lead to the activities or tasks to be performed by the job holder in actualizing that purpose. In this step, attempts are made to create a mental picture of the job, which distinguishes it from other jobs
Description Of Duties: The tasks required to be carried out by the job holder in accomplishing the purpose of the job are spelt out
- In Closing: Job description actually ends with financial & human implication... and what follows next is job specification & qualification
5a. Recruitment is the process where potential applicants are searched for and then encouraged to apply for an actual or anticipated vacancy
- The Schools: These are the largest markets from which the public as well as private agencies choose their workforce. Here we have the university and polytechnic graduates
- Citizenship: Ordinarily potential employees in the public sector service of a country are limited to it's citizens. Although limitations relating to place of origin & age doesn't limit the size of potential employees
- Quota System: It is done in order to prevent monopoly of jobs. To do this requires representation by all regions & states concerned. Therefore even if the best potential employes come from a given place, if it is not the turn of the place or the place has exhausted it's share, then control measures are taken
- Age Limits: Not every person is employable on the basis of age limits. Currently no ine below the age of 16 may be employed in Nigerian government
5b. Training refers to the learning of activities within a company created to enhance the knowledge & skills of employees
- It is used in work placement & employment: It matches the employee's qualification with the job requirements & organizational needs
- It prevents obsolesce caused by technological advances: Every organization in order to survive and to be effective, should adapt to the latest technology. An organization tries to train it's employees, to empower them with the latest technological skills & knowledge
- To manage organizational complexity effectively: Due to the manufacturing of multiple products & by products or the extension of operation to various cointries, organizations can become complex. This creates problems of coordination & integration of activities at various levels. This makes organizations to train their employees, in order to cope with this issue
- It is useful when switching roles on the job: It is used to help an employee eligible for a planned change in role in the organization. This may be due to transfer, advance disciplinary techniques or technology
- In order to cope with market competitors: The primary goal of most organizations is their viability & efficiency. But organizational viability is continuously influenced by environmental pressures. If an organization is unable to cope with this, it will lose it's market share to competitors
6a. The assumptions underlying this theory include the following
- Management is responsible for organizing the elements of productive enterprise, in the interest of economic ends
- Human beings by nature are not passive or resistant to organizational needs. They have become so as a result of experience in the organization
- The motivation & potential for assuming responsobility, the readiness to direct behaviour towards organizational goals are all present in people... it is the responsibility of management to make people recognize & develop these human traits for themselves
- The essential task of management is to arrange organizational conditions & methods of operation... so that people can achieve their own goals best by directing their efforts towards organizational objectives
6b. The 9 modes of communication are
- Sender: This is the individual, group or organization that attempts to transmit information
- The Receiver: This is the individual group or organization that attempts to understand the information
- Encoding: This is the translating of mental thoughts, ideas or wishes into a code or language that can be understood by the intended receiver
- Message: Messages relay what the sender has encoded
- Medium: The medium is the carrier of the message; it is the means by which the message is sent
- Decoding: Decoding is the technical term of a receiver's thought processes which involve interpretation
- Creating Meaning: A receiver's interpretation of a message may differ from that intended by the sender
- Feedback: It gives the sender an idea of how accurately the message was understood by the receiver
- Noise: It refers to anything that interfers with transmission & understanding of a message

2018 PAST QUESTION: https://www.nairaland.com/6136792/bus-325-noun-pop-exam