Alan Turing was a British mathematician, computer scientist, and cryptanalyst who is widely regarded as the father of modern computer science and artificial intelligence. During World War II, he played a pivotal role in breaking the German Enigma code, which greatly assisted the Allied efforts in the war.

Turing is also known for his contributions to the fields of mathematical logic and theoretical computer science, including the concept of the Turing machine, which is considered a fundamental concept in computer science. He is also credited with being one of the founders of the field of artificial intelligence and proposing the Turing Test to measure a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior that is indistinguishable from a human being.

Despite his many contributions to science and technology, Turing's life was tragically cut short when he was prosecuted for homosexuality, which was then illegal in the United Kingdom. He was convicted and subjected to chemical castration, and he died by suicide at the age of 41. In recent years, there have been calls for his posthumous pardon and recognition for his groundbreaking work and the persecution he faced.
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