1. Encoding failure

Information is moved from short-term to long-term memory by encoding. It is the initial phase of memory formation. We occasionally lose track of things when the information was not properly encoded. Failure in encoding is what this is. Incorrect encoding prevents information from being stored in long-term memory, which prevents us from retrieving it later. This could occur when we are not paying attention, when we are preoccupied, or when the information is irrelevant to us.

2. Decay

Deterioration is the second cause of our forgetfulness. When memories deteriorate over time, decay happens. A memory is more likely to deteriorate the longer we are unable to recall it. For instance, you might eventually forget a lot of what you learned if you studied a new language in school but never used it again.

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