In 1899, Lord Lugard had proclaimed a British protectorate over much of the Sokoto Caliphate. with the failure of numerous diplomatic overtures to the Caliph, in 1900 a military campaign was launched to subdue the caliphate. The British pacification campaign termed Kano-Sokoto Expedition set off from Zaria at the end of January 1903 under the command of Colonel Morland. British officers and N.C.O.s and 800 African rank and file. Apart from a company of mounted infantry and a few gunners, the whole force consisted of infantry. They were supported, however, by four 75-mm. mountain guns, which could if necessary be dismantled and transported by porters, and by six machine guns.

The War



After three previous victorious encounters with British forces, a large British Force from Kano ambushed the Kano cavalry at the great rocks of Kwatarkwashi. After a 6-hour encounter, the death of the Vizier of Kano led the remnant of the cavalry to retreat back to Sokoto, a substantial part of the force however under Muhammad Abbas surrendered to the British and proceeded back to Kano.

At Kano, Muhammad Abbas was proclaimed Emir of Kano. The last of the Kano cavalry were integrated into the Caliphal force of Sokoto

After sporadic fighting outside the walls of the fort, the British managed to penetrate the defensive parameters of the capital. Kano was mostly left defenseless at the time, the Emir was away with its large contingent Cavalry for the Autumn Campaign at Sokoto. Madakin Kano, a local noble rallied whatever troops there were still in the city to defend it. Despite his efforts, the British successfully took over the city after heavy fight wherein the latter sustained 70 casualties


The taking of Kano by the West African Frontier Force signalled the end of the Fulani empire in West Africa. The Fulani people were nomadic cattle-herders and fierce horsemen, who in the early 1800s, imbued with zeal for Islam, established a fundamentalist Muslim state among the Hausas in northern Nigeria under their leader Uthman dan Fodio, Commander of the Faithful. His successors were Sultans of Sokoto, the empire’s spiritual centre to the west of Kano. The empire of emirates owing obedience to the sultan was in decline by the 1880s, when the British, French and German governments began seriously to carve up the interior of West Africa between them. It took them twenty years or so, during which they stopped the slave trade and human sacrifice while encouraging Christian missionary work. A key figure was a forceful British colonial administrator, Frederick Lugard. After experience in India and East Africa, he was in his mid-thirties in 1894 when he was approached by Sir George Goldie, head of the Royal Niger Company, which, to the annoyance of the French, had seized control of the River Niger with its own fleet of twenty gunboats. Goldie recruited Lugard in a race against the French to sign a trading agreement with a key chief in the interior. He was successful, at the cost of a poisoned arrow in the head. In 1897 Joseph Chamberlain commissioned Lugard to raise and train the new West African Frontier Force, recruited from the local tribes, with British officers. Three years later the government terminated the Royal Niger Company’s contract and established separate protectorates over northern and southern Nigeria, with Lugard in charge of 300,000 square miles in the north, still largely unexplored by Europeans. Under the principles agreed at a conference in Berlin in 1885, it was necessary for a colonial power not merely to announce that it had taken over a particular region, but to establish a visible administration there. Other imperialists would then back politely away. British dominance of northern Nigeria was far more theoretical than real in 1900, but Lugard proceeded to make it a reality, more by bargaining and diplomacy with the local rulers than by force. His principle was always that colonial power was best exercised indirectly, through the local chiefs and structures already in place.

By 1902, however, he found it necessary to subdue the principal Fulani emirates. The colonial office was opposed to the use of force, but Lugard was not a man to be constrained by Whitehall. Kano was a major trading centre with a flourishing slave market, defended by mailed horsemen and protected by walls up to 40ft thick and 50ft high. Lugard sent against it a Frontier Force detachment of some 700 African soldiers, their British officers, four artillery pieces and four machine guns. They were led by Colonel T.L.N. Morland, an adventurous Canadian officer (he ended up as General Sir Thomas Morland). The defenders fired from the walls, but the artillery breached a gate and when the storming party formed up, the defenders departed, leaving the city to be taken. The population seemed either unconcerned or positively relieved and the British emptied the town’s noxious jail, which was so small and crowded that prisoners were regularly trampled to death. The Frontier Force went on to take Sokoto the following month after the reigning sultan, Attahiru, had fled. The British installed his brother in his place and caught up with Attahiru, who was cut down by a stray bullet during a skirmish. The Fulani were between a rock and a hard place. Even if they stopped the British, they would be promptly invaded by the French. They made terms with Lugard, who confirmed the emirs in office when they agreed to be guided by British Residents in future. There was to be no interference with Islamic religion and law, but slave trading was banned and domestic slavery was to be phased out. There was more trouble with some of the Fulani emirs, but by 1906 Lugard was fully in control and in 1914 northern and southern Nigeria were merged into Britain’s largest African colony, with Sir Frederick Lugard as Governor-General. In 1922 he wrote: ‘For two or three generations we may show the Negro what we are: then we shall be asked to go away. Then we shall leave the land to those it belongs to, with the feeling that they have better business friends in us.
Lugard to the Queen wrote : He has not placed Educated Nigerians in place of power , as this would keep them from revolts and under economic control "

So na this man wey carry us come Nija

Lugard is a mad man

Authoreety:
Lugard is a mad man

Not Mad per se.
However, the below quotes made him eternally complicit in Nigeria's troubles and woes,

"Lugard to the Queen wrote : He has not placed Educated Nigerians in place of power , as this would keep them from revolts and under economic control."

westlius:
So na this man wey carry us come Nija

But we can undo what he did
Can't we?

Authoreety:
Lugard is a mad man

Lol 🙂 story has it that he and his colleagues carried out his campaigns, operations on foot trekking from one state to another in Nigeria, snake bite him atleast 4 times.

The man was very rugged.

SporaD8:

Not Mad per se.
However, the below quotes made him eternally complicit in Nigeria's troubles and woes,

Thank you

Front page material

Luggard and Queen Elizabeth caused the problems we are facing today.

Bukky001:
Front page material

For some reason it never does , I've written about 700 topics and just one ever made it to FP and that was because it was a post on nostalgic pictures

TheSourcerer:
For some reason it never does , I've written about 700 topics and just one ever made it to FP and that was because it was a post on nostalgic pictures

Wow!

You should be paid honestly.

why was history banned in Nigerian schools again?

madscientist88:
why was history banned in Nigerian schools again?

WHO HISTORY EPP?

HISTORY MUST BE BANNED FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD...

HE DEY MAKE PEOPLE THINK BACKWARD AND OUTDATED...

Miracood2:
Luggard and Queen Elizabeth caused the problems we are facing today.

I didn't read what the OP wrote but Queen Elizabeth II came into the picture at a latter time. Not during this period.

LikeAking:


WHO HISTORY EPP?

HISTORY MUST BE BANNED FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD...

HE DEY MAKE PEOPLE THINK BACKWARD AND OUTDATED...

whats your IQ score?

E really reach to ask him cos what he spewed is trash

madscientist88:
whats your IQ score?

Jecci:
E really reach to ask him cos what he spewed is trash

its sad , people who dont even know their level of intellectual status want to engage people on intellectual topics.

Nlanalyst:

I didn't read what the OP wrote but Queen Elizabeth II came into the picture at a latter time. Not during this period.

maybe he He is mistaking the late Queen for the late Queen Victoria

VeeVeeMyLuv:
maybe he He is mistaking the late Queen for the late Queen Victoria

Na ignorance.

TheSourcerer:
For some reason it never does , I've written about 700 topics and just one ever made it to FP and that was because it was a post on nostalgic pictures

Bro you've been bringing good contents here that cld hit fp bt the mods will jus ignore and it's so 😢

LikeAking:


WHO HISTORY EPP?

HISTORY MUST BE BANNED FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD...

HE DEY MAKE PEOPLE THINK BACKWARD AND OUTDATED...

I appreciate your comment but how does history make "people" think backward , in all honesty I would to know except if trolling , either way Thank you for your comment

madscientist88:
its sad , people who dont even know their level of intellectual status want to engage people on intellectual topics.

Hi hello this is a random text to remind you to smile, trust me it helps ease the stress and releases serotonin the happy hormone🥰 really do wish you a great happy day ahead

hi long time.
I will message you.
Can't find ur contact. 🙏

TheSourcerer:
I appreciate your comment but how does history make "people" think backward , in all honesty I would to know except if trolling , either way Thank you for your comment

Reading about past historical event have a negative effect on our brains, mind, etc...

You mind will be programed to think appreciate backwards thinking.

LikeAking:


Reading about past historical event have a negative effect on our brains, mind, etc...

You mind will be programed to think appreciate backwards thinking.

True but in very very rare almost non existent probability because people read/study history I've noticed are somewhat savy especially in experience, so I doubt it would reprogram the brain to appreciate backwards thinking. Again I do appreciate your comment , how is your day going so far ?

Jeon:
hi long time.
I will message you.
Can't find ur contact. 🙏

Hey Jeon I actually switched WhatsApp so I'll tag you on a dead thread my contact