Most large-scale corruption cases involve using legal entities to conceal ownership and control of corrupt proceeds, and policymakers should take steps to improve transparency to reduce opportunities for wrongdoing, a study by the Stolen Asset Recovery (StAR) Initiative of the World Bank and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has said.

“We need to put corporate transparency back on the national and international agenda,” Emile van der Does de Willebois, the World Bank Senior Financial Sector Specialist who led the StAR research team said.

“It is important for governments to increase the transparency of their legal entities and arrangements and at the same time improve the capacity of law enforcement,” Does de Willebois said.

The report, ‘The Puppet Masters: How the Corrupt Use Legal Structures to Hide Stolen Assets and What to Do About It’, examines how bribes, embezzled state assets and other criminal proceeds are being hidden via legal structures – shell companies, foundations, trusts and others.

The study also provides policy makers with practical recommendations on how to step up ongoing international efforts to uncover flows of criminal funds and prevent criminals from misusing shell companies and other legal entities.

The study explains how corrupt public officials and their associates conceal their connection to ill-gotten funds by exploiting legal and institutional loopholes that allow opacity in companies, foundations and trust-like structures.

It also lists obstacles to investigating and establishing the origin and ownership of stolen assets: the difficulty of identifying where legal entities operate and have business relationships, lack of access to information on beneficial ownership and the use of complex and multi-jurisdictional corporate structures.

Drawing on evidence from relevant stakeholders, the report advises policymakers on how to effectively address the problem of corrupt payments made through opaque companies.

In particular, the study recommends that more detailed information be collected in corporate registries, and that providers of legal, financial and administrative (incorporation and management) services to legal entities more effectively conduct due diligence on those controlling corporate entities.

The study is based on research including an analysis of 150 grand corruption cases and an examination of the practices of 40 jurisdictions and their company registries in collecting, updating and providing access to beneficial ownership information of legal entities.

I have said this several times, The west use their multinational companies to fuel corruption especially in Africa,that is while it is and will be hard to fight corruption.couple with the fact the our leaders and heads of anti-corruption bodies are under their control