I. Variety Selection
Suitable varieties mainly include Phoenix 51, Jingxiu, Jingya, Rizamat, Tutai 8, dry red and so on.

Planting
1. Planting density Planting should be based on the frame to determine the planting density.
Multi-year a planting system of grapes can be taken east and west rows of small trellis, trellis and hedge frame branching form or north and south rows of planting and hedge frame branching form of planting, the general plant spacing of 50-100cm, row spacing 2-3m.
2. Planting method Before planting, according to the planting system and row spacing digging planting ditch. Years of a planting system of planting ditch width, ditch depth are 60-80cm. Then every 667 square metres into the crushed grass, straw, rotting organic fertilizer about 5000kg, phosphorus fertilizer 150kg, covered with surface soil, irrigation and sedimentation. According to the spacing in the planting ditch digging planting hole 30cm × 30cm × 30cm, the seedlings into the hole, so that the upper end of the buds slightly above the ground, the root system is not uniform, and then step on the soil layer by layer, so that the root system drooped into a 45º angle. Irrigate immediately after planting. Before planting, the root system of seedlings should be pruned, and then the roots of seedlings should be soaked in 100-150mg/l naphthalene acetic acid solution or water for 12 hours, and then the stems of the seedlings should be disinfected with 5º lithosulfuric composite plus 0.1%-0.3% sodium pentachlorophenol, and then finally planted.

Cultivation and management techniques
1. Dormant management grape winter buds from late August into a dormant state, late September to late October in the natural dormancy in the middle of the next year, to the end of the next year 1-2 months of natural dormancy. General natural dormancy must be below 7.2 ℃ low temperature after about 1000 hours to end.
The management work in this period mainly includes autumn application of fertiliser, shaping and pruning, mulching and covering with grass curtains, so as to make it enter into low-temperature dormancy. The focus of this period of work is the application of fertiliser and plastic pruning.
(1) the application of basic fertiliser The amount of basic fertiliser is closely related to the type of basic fertiliser, soil properties, tree age, load and other factors. General per 667 square metres of pure nitrogen 10kg, phosphorus 15kg, potassium 10kg or so appropriate. Most of the rotted high-quality organic fertiliser 3000-5000kg. for boron deficiency garden, borax can be applied per 667 square metres of about 2kg, together with the base fertilizer.
Fertiliser method can be used in the periphery of the crown ring, ditch, radial, ditch depth and width of 40cm. fertiliser immediately after mulching, and timely irrigation, in order to facilitate the decomposition of organic fertilizer.
(2) shaping under the conditions of facility cultivation, dormant shaping construction in the open ground is not much difference, are in accordance with the requirements of different racks.
At present, the form of facility grape pruning is mainly dragon stem shape, fan-shaped and head-shaped pruning of three kinds.
① Head-shaped pruning. Grape plants have an upright trunk, trunk height 1.6-1.2m, at the top of the trunk bearing branch combination fruiting mother branch. This type of tree is pruned with a long tip. When pruning with long tips, the head of the main stem of the plant bears 1-4 long-tipped branch groups, and the new shoots emitted are vertically tied upwards. Head-shaped pruning long tip pruning pruning process is as follows: the first year, that is, the formation of seedlings that year, a strong new shoots, winter pruning in the provisions of the stem height above and then leave 4-5 buds to be short cut. In the second year, the new shoots issued from the main stem in January-February retain the top 5-8, of which 3-5 are fruiting branches, and the rest are wiped. After fruit harvesting, the 2 new shoots left behind with 1-2 buds on each are pruned heavily to promote bud sprouting. Winter pruning in the new shoots against the bottom of the selection of the 2 most robust only as a preparatory branch, and then in the top of the selection of 2 branches as the fruiting mother branch, each cut with 8-12 buds. In the third year, the fruit harvest is still according to the above method of heavy pruning, to promote sprouting, and make the lower two preparatory branches on the formation of two strong new shoots, winter pruning that is according to the long-tip branch group pruning, the upper branches on the formation of two strong new shoots, winter pruning that is according to the long-tip branch group pruning, the upper branches as a long-tip fruiting mother branch, the lower is still left 2-3 buds shortened as a preparatory branch, the formation of the two fixed branches after the group! The tree shape is completed. The upper part of the mother branch has borne fruit, can be cut from the top of the branch group.
② Fan-shaped branching. The number of main vines is generally 4-6, fan-shaped distribution on the shelf, so called fan-shaped branching. The shape of the plant load is small, the tree is small, suitable for dense planting.
Multi-primary fan-shaped pruning process is roughly: the first year, the year of planting, that is, from the ground near the cultivation of 2-4 new shoots as the main vine, winter pruning cut length of 1.5-2 m. In the second year, the use of fruiting branches issued by the main vine for fruit, fruit harvest, the new shoots to leave 2-3 buds for re-cutting, to promote the secondary buds sprouting. When winter pruning, leave 2-4 buds to cut, leave more than 3 buds to shorten, the top of the thick branches for fruit, after the fruit harvest, the new shoots to leave 2-3 buds for re-cutting, to promote the emergence of secondary buds. Winter pruning leave 2-4 buds cut, leave more than 3 buds cut short, top strong branches cut 8-12 buds, the main vine height is retained to the third wire, and so that each main vine with 3-4 branch groups, so far, the tree shape is basically complete.
③ Dragon stem-shaped pruning. Commonly used in the production of grape facilities have two types, the first becomes a single dragon stem-shaped branching, each plant only a dragon stem, the length of about 3-5m, more than the use of short pruning; the second is the two dragons branching, that is, from the ground to give birth to two main vines, the main vines bearing fruiting branches, more than the use of short pruning, the main vines are 4-6m in length, the two types of dragon stem-shaped branching is suitable for inclined trellises, trellis hedges and ridge type trellis. The two types of dragon trunks are suitable for inclined trellises, hedges and ridge trellises. Small trellis dragon stem two dragon branching process is: the first year from the ground near the selection of two strong growth of the new shoots as the main vine, and set up a bracket to lead bondage. After the autumn leaf fall, the thickness of 1cm above the mature new shoots, leaving 1.5-2m for short cutting. In January-February of the next year, each main vine will leave 2-3 buds to promote the sprouting of secondary buds, and at the apex of each main vine, a new shoot will be left to continue to extend the growth of the lower part of the main vine by leaving a new shoot every 20-25cm or so to continue the growth of the main vine. In autumn, after the leaves fall, the extension of the main vine is generally left about 1.5m cut, the extension of the following new shoots can be left 2-3 buds cut, cultivated into fruit-bearing branch groups. Later still according to the above principles to cultivate the main vine and branches, generally 2-3 years after planting can complete the shaping process.
(3) Dormant pruning Dormant pruning of the length of the fruiting parent branch is short pruning (2-4 buds), medium pruning (5-7 buds) and long pruning (more than 8 buds).
When using medium and long pruning, in order to control the outward movement of the fruiting part to ensure that a good quality fruiting mother branch is obtained every year, generally using double branch renewal pruning method. Short tip pruning does not need to leave another preparatory branch, the short tip itself is to play the dual role of fruiting mother branch and preparatory branch.
(1) buckle trellis, irrigation and other work grape plants after winter pruning, to pour a thorough water, that is, frozen water, frozen water at night, the daytime can be thawed for the watering of the appropriate period, and then buckle trellis, so that the plant is in a dormant state. Buckling the appropriate period for about 10 days before frost. Buckling too late, grapes are at risk of frost. This period covered with plastic film and grass curtains, open all the vents, so that the greenhouse can not see the sun, keep the room temperature below 7.2 ℃ 800-1200 hours, so that grapes to complete the dormant. If the temperature drops sharply during this period, we should immediately take warming measures, such as building a fireplace, shutting the vents, covering paper and quilts, etc., so that the minimum indoor temperature shall not be lower than -10 ℃, and the maximum shall not be higher than 7.2 ℃, so as to both maintain a low temperature and keep the grape plants from frost damage. If it is a plastic greenhouse cultivation, the plant should be off the shelf. If the stable temperature in the shed appears to be below -5 ℃ 1 week, it is necessary to bury the soil to prevent cold, generally covered with soil 10-15cm can be; if the lowest temperature in the shed in the spring has reached -5 ℃ more than 1 week, can be lifted to prevent cold.
2. Budding period management Budding period is the period from the beginning of warming to sprouting. Germination period of the biological effective accumulation of temperature needs about 20 ℃, time needs about 35 days.
The main management tasks during the germination period are to break dormancy, warm up the germination, manage soil moisture and air humidity, and spray fungicides.
(1) Dormancy-breaking treatment measures In facility cultivars, if you want to contact dormancy early, you must treat winter buds with chemicals about 15 days before the end of the natural dormant area to force them to lift dormancy. Contact dormancy agents available lime nitrogen and Melitteching, general production of commonly used 5 times lime nitrogen (500g lime nitrogen to 2.5kg of warm water can be stirred) or 2 times the liquid Melitteching in the warming of 15-20 days before the spraying of the fruiting mother branch of grapes.
(2) warming management in the lifting of dormancy based on the gradual warming of the bud. General facilities in advance of contact with the premise of dormancy, in early and mid-January began to uncover the curtain warming germination, if normal after low temperature (7.2 ℃ below) to end the natural dormancy, in late January to early February began to uncover the curtain warming germination. Every day to uncover the grass curtain and paper time, sunny morning half an hour after the curtain, 1 hour before sunset in the afternoon to cover the curtain, rainy days and rainy days do not uncover the curtain. Warming germination can not be rushed, slow warming, if the temperature rises suddenly, often leading to above ground and underground growth is not coordinated, germination is not neat, flower spikes breeding bad, and even cause serious flower and fruit drop. Therefore, from the curtain warming the first week, to implement low-temperature management, the daytime temperature from 10 ℃ gradually rose to 20 ℃, the night from 10-15 ℃ down to 5 ℃, that is, the lowest temperature at night can not be lower than 5 ℃, the highest temperature during the day can not be more than 20 ℃; and thereafter, gradually increase the temperature of the greenhouse until the sprouting of the germination. The second week of germination, the daytime temperature to maintain 20-25 ℃, 15-20 ℃ at night. After the third week, the daytime is 28-30 ℃, night 20-25 ℃.
(3) Moisture management If the water supply is insufficient during the germination period, it is easy for the germination period to drag on, the germination rate decreases, or the germination is not neat. Therefore, in the solar greenhouse began to warm up before germination (plastic greenhouse cultivation, then the beginning of the soil on the shelf), at the same time to begin to fully irrigate, generally 30mm of water, repeated irrigation 2-3 times, so that its air humidity can be maintained at more than 80%.
During the germination period, branches can be sprayed with Pomerol 5º lithosulphide to kill pathogens on the grapevine plant and prevent diseases from occurring. If you do not spray before germination, you can wait until the bud scales cracked and spit fluff to green before spraying 1º thiosulfuric acid.

3. pre-flowering management This period refers to the buds from the beginning of sprouting until the flowering period. This period of management in addition to the facilities of temperature, humidity environment, nitrogen fertiliser application, etc., strict control, but also the correct use of wipe buds and tips, lead bondage, centring, twisting, thinning, the use of growth regulators and other technical measures to achieve the regulation of tree potential, control of new shoots of prolongation, to promote the differentiation of flower spikes, and to improve the fruiting rate of the purpose.
(1) Temperature management After budding, the new shoots of the plant enter the early growth period. In order to prevent the new growth, conducive to flower organ differentiation, the implementation of low-temperature management, that is, after the sprouting of the greenhouse temperature management indicators should be from the end of the high level of germination down, daytime control in the 25-28 ℃, the night to maintain 15 ℃ or so, the low temperature of 15 ℃ or so. Because this period is also prone to grey mould, so in strict control of irrigation at the same time, but also strict control of air humidity, timely ventilation and air exchange, so that air humidity is maintained at about 60%. In order to avoid excessive waterlogging and prevent the occurrence of grey mould, must be fully covered with mulch, to be thankful for flowers and fruits and then remove the mulch. If the germination potential after sprouting is not strong (which is often caused by the soil deep water supply caused by insufficient), then it is good to consider irrigation of a large amount of water, to be replenished at a time, not to take the method of small water irrigation, otherwise both the solution to the deep water supply, but also increase the air humidity.
(2) Fertiliser This period of fertiliser can promote the growth of new shoots, to ensure that flowering, pollination, fertilisation and bud differentiation is carried out smoothly. This period can be applied 1-2 times fast-acting nitrogen fertiliser, and appropriate application of phosphate and potash. Nitrogen fertiliser application should be strictly controlled, generally 1-3 years old trees, 50g of urea or 70g of compound fertiliser or 2.5-5kg of rotted human urine per plant. Fertiliser can be applied in a ditch or sprinkled about 50cm around the root system, and then immediately irrigated, irrigation and fertiliser should be combined.
(3) Growing season pruning The pruning from budding to leaf fall is growing season pruning. In the facility of grape production, the growth period pruning including open field growth period and growth period pruning in the greenhouse. Growing-period pruning mainly includes wiping buds and thinning, fruiting branches picking, deputy tip treatment, cutting tips, in addition to tendrils, thinning inflorescences and other measures. Reasonable use of these measures can improve the shelf ventilation and light conditions, reduce nutrient consumption, increase nutrient accumulation, so that plant growth and results to maintain a balance. On the promotion of flower bud differentiation, improve the rate of fruit set, improve fruit quality and yield have different degrees of effect.

Thump Indoor Vertical Farming
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