Ernerstdavid55:
but wait wre not done with the other news yet

Hehe

Ernerstdavid55:
Good

Thanks

This current generation of smartphones brought a host of technological improvements, Each flagship that spawns from a top OEM tries to distinguish itself from the stiff competition. Even mid-rangers have seen some of those advancements trickle down to them and have comfortably solidified their own tier of smartphone development hierarchy cutting down that popular notion that flagships are flagships, and budget....well, budget. For today as this headline implies, we would be focusing on flagships.

Now, to mention but a few of those improvements of this current generation of flagships, we can easily spot the 48 megapixel Sony sensors, used in a lot of flagships and some serious mid-rangers. While we still hold that more megapixels doesn't really translate into a better picture quality, This sensor is not a push-over. Its actually a decent sensor. The least F-aperture we've seen is F-1.8, which is quite okay. We mention the 7th generation in-display optical fingerprints. These provide a good level of improvement over original brought by the Vivo X20. The improvements in wireless charging like the 20Watt wireless charge feature in the Mi 9 and the recent 90/120 hertz displays touted by the Oneplus 7 Pro and the Razer phone respectively.

Without wasting time let's jump into the main discussion.

1.0: 64 Mega-pixel sensors:

[img]https://1.bp..com/-nkio8C3OELo/XRlSAXnV5LI/AAAAAAAAANM/ZM1T02lCy9EyT73EKKe0hkM30w5LR6dkQCLcBGAs/s1600/on.png[/img]


Just like the previous 48 MP sensors which is arguably the most used sensor right now in the smartphone industry we expect these new sensors to build up on that foundation and also base on the underlying working principle.

Now, the default resolution for the 48 MP was actually 12 MP. How it worked with its 48MP sensor was to arrange its RGB pixel array in quad configurations, and the subsequent signal processing gives rise to the Quad Bayer pixel array. Here, four individual pixels are combined to give rise to one super pixel, which measures 1.6µm in size. These pixels are larger than what is found in the conventional smartphone sensors, and hence, capture significantly more information than a standard sensor. What this means is that by pixel binning, you get about 1/4th the maximum resolution of the 48-megapixel sensor, giving you 12MP photographs. For the 64MP's Samsung was the first to announce these Sensors. Here Samsung is flaunting an ''re-mosaicing algorithm'' and tetracell technology. The default resolution might be 16MP.

Smartphone companies like Xiaomi and Oppo are already on this tech and a new Redmi was rumored to unveil with it.

2.0: Under-Display Cameras:

While the war against notches is still raging on, Companies like Xiaomi and Oppo were reportedly working on under-display cameras that are essentially hidden, which means that they perform their functions without sacrificing screen space. just like the in-display fingerprint. Now, to understand this technology, let's hear Xiaomi's explanation of the feature.

Now, The reason phones needed a notch was because the camera requires any materials above it to be transparent to allow light to enter. In a normal phone display this is not the case as the cathode and anode layers aren't transparent. The inclusion of a small rectangular area into the phone's display which uses a "special low-reflective glass with high transmittance." The front-facing camera sits underneath. It allows the screen to display imagery unhindered, but at the same time doesn't block light reaching the camera when in use.

[img]https://1.bp..com/-9pVu4_9i0NQ/XRlSLj-ib4I/AAAAAAAAANQ/wp3PLV8QEXoIPrk7ACENzyLijJjnJDxuACLcBGAs/s320/Screen_Shot_2019_06_05_at_4.52.45_PM.0.jpg[/img]

The idea has been around for some time though, but technological limitations actually hindered it from being a reality. A good idea from Xiaomi, but you might still spot the Shadow of the camera sensor, although it doesn't obstruct pictures.


3.0: Updated in-display Fingerprints:

[img]https://1.bp..com/-gzsAonwn0s4/XRryisspqNI/AAAAAAAAAN4/01wh1bKt8dgtXLqZqM4WZCq_-s8rrrN7ACLcBGAs/s320/images%252855%2529.jpg[/img]

Now, in-display fingerprints have been around for some time, and they are rightfully divided into the Optical variety and the Ultrasonic. Most of the in fingerprints in phones today are of the optical variety. The sensor underneath just takes a picture of your fingerprint and compares it to the one stored in it's database.

The Ultrasonic ones use ultrasound to picture an image of your fingerprint kind of works better with wet and oily fingerprints mostly they don't support tempered glasses. Examples of phones that use this technology are the Samsung Galaxy S10 Plus and. Majority of the next generation Flagship smartphones will come with this architecture.

Ultrasonic fingerprints are generally more efficient and better than their optical counterparts.

4.0: 120 Hertz displays:

[img]https://1.bp..com/-dcmrUsGGYmY/XRry0yygYtI/AAAAAAAAAOA/qyNSGkqHplIk5y75Jda9pvhKtu0zfPcMgCLcBGAs/s320/images%252856%2529.jpg[/img]

When the Oneplus 7 pro showed off it's impressive 90 hertz display, we thought we had seen the height till Razer unveiled a phone with 120 hertz. While the Oneplus isn't the first to do this, the technology is obviously getting to it's prime state.

Now, Hertz(Hz) is a unit used for the measurement of the smartphone's display refresh rate. This determines how many times a second a screen displays an image. In practice, a 30Hz screen will display 30 frames per second, a 60Hz will show 60 frames per second and 90....well you get our drift.

Majority of the current Smartphones are calibrated with a basic 60Hz Display. The advantage of being able to go higher than 60Hz is that by displaying more frames per second, basic things like navigating menus will look smoother, and interactive apps and games will feel more reactive and enact touch inputs faster.

This is because there are shorter delay between when you touch the screen and the input is rendered. This is why PC gamers in competitive titles like PUBG and Fortnite have always favoured monitors with 120Hz or 144Hz screens. While a host of Phones support this, we believe next generation flagships will roll out with these specifications. They might even upgrade to 144Hz. But a Wise man once said; Where the Display Shines, The Battery suffers. In fact let's check the next one; battery.

5.0: 5000 Mah+ batteries:

Flagships aren't really famous for large batteries, due to their cool level of optimization. Well, that's going to change. Already flagships are rolling out with sub-4000 mah batteries and the Asus Zenfone 6z opened the show for the 5000 sector.

While we still use the lithium-ion architecture on our batteries, which is quite old, Samsung's Graphene based battery tech could be the game changer. Graphene was always touted as a replacement for lithium-ion batteries, but its actually a form of Carbon with a hexagonal structure. Due to its nature, it can be used to make denser batteries that can hold more power, and since it’s not based on a chemical reaction, it won’t degrade with time like the Lithium-Ion batteries.

6.0: Advanced Global Positioning Systems(GPS):

[img]https://1.bp..com/-XMGYMUz-6M8/XRlSiwdJchI/AAAAAAAAANg/thpBqUO5YS8TKlqkkp6rRw5UoJviTZ9LgCLcBGAs/s320/akrales_180620_1777_0138.0.jpg[/img]

Once Global Positioning System or GPS became a standard feature in smartphones, the technology quickly went from revolutionary to ubiquitous. People now rely on the technology regularly to efficiently navigate their surroundings and to make it to their destination on time.

But with just about any adopted technology, it’s long overdue for a major upgrade. Chip maker Broadcom announced that it has developed a new mass-market GPS computer chip that allows satellites to pinpoint a mobile device’s location by within one foot. The technology makes use of a new and improved GPS satellite broadcast signal that provides more data through a separate frequency to phones to better approximate the user’s location. There are now 30 satellites that operate on this new standard. The company cited other benefits, such as improved battery life for devices since the chip uses less than half the amount of power of the previous chip. Broadcom plans to introduce the chip into mobile devices as early as in 2018. However, it's less likely to make it into many of the popular devices such as the iPhone, at least for some time. That’s because the majority of smartphone manufacturers use GPS chips supplied by Qualcomm and it's unlikely that the company will introduce a similar technology anytime soon.

7.0: Improved Charging Technology:

[img]https://1.bp..com/-avjrnXcuEMg/XRlSqgjyIJI/AAAAAAAAANo/lrXYk0T_9Zgmagjns1XY7EC_Spgr7B_DACLcBGAs/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg[/img]

An aspect of this current generation of smartphones that we rate highly is the Charging aspect. Vivo on this one though, as Vivo has made another leap forward in battery charging technology with the introduction of Super Flash Charge 120 watts, which is capable of sending enough power through to your phone’s battery cell to recharge it in only 13 minutes. The new system has been introduced at MWC Shanghai, which is currently taking place in China.

Vivo, along with Oppo and OnePlus which are part of the same parent company, are no strangers to incredibly fast recharge times. Oppo’s 50 watts Super VOOC charging system it introduced on the Find X Lamborghini Edition took the battery from zero to full in under 35 minutes, which remains faster than the competition even for now.

We also mention Xiaomi's 20 Watt Wireless charging Tech which blows out the competition as far as wireless charging is concerned.

8.0: Android Q; Exciting Features:

[img]https://1.bp..com/-crtxj35UlWE/XRlS3cLccRI/AAAAAAAAANs/d26ayHv1WqwQNA6EPFZxEgDVUFM6eHkXQCLcBGAs/s320/maxresdefaultm.jpg[/img]

What's a flagship without the latest functional operating system? Android Q is the latest iteration of Google's OS, which aims to provide a fresh but familiar interface as well as solving some problems and introducing new mechanics. Some features like:

---A New and effective Theming System!
---System wide dark mode!
---Improved support and compatibility for foldable phones.
---Notch and punch hole specialized options.

Fact: What will Android Q be called? Google hasn't announced it yet, but it should take the usual edible format. We think it should be called Queen Cake.

So that wraps up our article on the features that next generation flagships might roll out with or possess. Did we miss anything? or what do you think Android Q Should be called? Please tell us below, We would love to hear from you.

Source: https://techtemplar..com/2019/06/8-awesome-features-that-next-generation.html?m=1

Cc: Mynd44
Dominique
Lalasticlala
Honsule
Dragnet

uk10:
Pls I just want to know if Samsung m20 or Samsung a30 can play this emulator games like Damon ps2 and dolphin emulator with ease just like the redmi note 7,I can't go for the Nokia 8 again considering they usually have screen issue affecting most of there users

Bro Don't Make That Mistake Oh... Even Samsung A50 Cant Play Dolphin At 1X Resolution Talk Less Of A30. Instead Get These Phones For Your Gamecube, Ps2 And 3DS Games:

Least: Redmi Note 7, Redmi Note 7 Pro, Mi 9 se, Oppo Realme 3 Pro, Samsung A70.

Recommended: Poco F1, Mi 8, Oneplus 6 Huawei Mate 20

Or Just Get Snapdragon 660 And Above, Karin 710 And Above, Helio P60 and Above

godspeed:


I know, that's why I compared with the mi 9 SE.

The price is similar.

Samsung Cheaped Out On The Processor In The A50.

Osyxcel:


For RN7 and most likely same for RN7P, the maximum charger is QC 3.0. Although the chipset supports QC 4.0, Xiaomi pegged it at 3.0 charging.

So even if you use a QC 4.0 charger, it will charge at 3.0 rate.

False!!! Redmi Note 7 And Note 7 Pro Both Support Quick Charge 4.0, But They Don't Have A 4.0 Charger Bundled by default. Kenny903

[img]https://3.bp..com/-tDmIgRpwWeo/XLFjyaK7u3I/AAAAAAAAAL8/kVHFQJtxRiE7mMelShE1NpN_Z026Tfo1gCLcBGAs/s320/galaxy-s10-is-ip68-water-resistant-heres-what-really-means.1280x600.jpg[/img]
If There's one thing you don't take for a swim or an active car wash it would be your mobile phone. Now, in the past phones and water didn't usually come in the same sentence. Which is kind of understandable due to the fact that water is the second leading cause of smartphone damage after accidental drops. But luckily, Phones are becoming more resistant to liquid and dust particles and might reach the Nokia 3310 level that is if we aren't past that now.

1.0: What Is IP?:
IP stands for "Ingress Protection" Also known as international protection marketing. It is published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The equivalent European standard is EN 60529.

The standard aims to provide users more concise information than Broad marketing gimmicks like waterproof.

1.1: What is an IP Rating?:
The IP Rating, or sometimes IP Code classifies and rates the degree of protection provided against intrusion (body parts such as hands and fingers), dust, accidental contact, and water by mechanical casings and electrical enclosures.

IP or Ingress Protection is a measurement that’s universally accepted for different levels of dust and water resistance. For Example, When a device has an IP rating of let's say IP67, it means that the device is dust tight and can be protected against the effects of immersion in water for about 15minutes to an hour. Now let's practically interpret these specifications. And no, they are not hieroglyphics.

2.0: Interpreting an IP Specification:

[img]https://3.bp..com/-QcIXsNusUbU/XLFkWa9513I/AAAAAAAAAME/1hXnkkXTAHwVIMj3sdn-4lzwYiWrRzqUACLcBGAs/s320/16dec-ip-ratings-numbers-medium_medium.jpg[/img]

Now, after the "IP" you must have noticed two numbers. These numbers have a significant meaning. The first(I.e the 6) denotes the level of protection against access to hazardous parts (e.g., electrical conductors, moving parts) and the ingress of solid foreign objects. Or just say Dust.
While the second shows the level of protection against the ingress of Water.

Now for the solids the number ranges from 0-6 while in liquids it's 0-8. Hence why you see phones rated IP68, this simply means that the smartphone employs the highest tier of protection.(well not the highest but...)

Now let's put the specifications out for you to combine and interpret you ratings..


Solid particle protection:

IP number Effective Against:
0 No protection against ingress of objects.

1 50 mm particles like any large surface of the body, such as the back of a hand, but no protection against intentional contact with a body part.


2 Particles larger than 12.5 mm, like a finger or pen.
(This is important so that your fingers don't get into something, like a socket rated IP22 0r IP2X).

3 Particles larger than 2.5 mm like tools, wires and drawing sets.

4 Particles larger than 1 mm like screws and bolts, cables and insects.

5 Dust Protected
( While the Ingress of dust is not entirely prevented, but it must not enter in a large enough quantity to interfere with the optimum operation of phone.)

6 Dust Proof
(No ingress of dust; complete protection against contact as it's dust tight). but a vacuum must be applied for a test.

Now let's go to the second one, and arrive at our conclusion.

Liquid ingress protection:

IP number Effective Against:

0 No form of protection against water ingress.

1 Protected against dripping water.

2 Protected against dripping water when tilted up to a 15- degree angle from its normal position.

3 Protected against spraying water when tilted up to a 60-
degree angle from its normal position.

4 Water splashing against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effect

5 Protected against water sprayed from a 6.3 mm nozzle at 12.5 Liters/minute and 30 kPa (pressure) from three meters away for three minutes
.
6 Protected against water sprayed from a 12.5 mm nozzle at 100 Liters/minute and 100 kPa (pressure) from three meters away for three minutes.

6K Protected against water sprayed from a 6.3 mm nozzle at 75 Liters/minute and 1,000 kPa (pressure) from three meters away for three minutes.
(1,000 kPa is a standard amount of water pressure through a fire hydrant).

7 Protected against immersion in water up to one meter at normal pressure for 30 minutes.

8 Protected against immersion in water one meter or deeper at specifications detailed by the manufacturer.

9K Protection against water sprayed from high-flow and high- pressure jets at high-temperature
Water volume of 14 to 16 Liters/minute
Water pressure of 80 to 100 bar (up to 1,451 Psi)
Water temperature of 80-degrees. This one is for car and food production. And Yhea, not for Smartphones.

2.1: Additional Letter Specs:
So, in addition to the numbers, there might be a letter suffix present. Letters can be appended to provide additional information about the protection of the device:



Letter Meaning:
f Oil resistant
H High voltage protection
M Motion during the water testing
S No motion during the water testing
W Weather resistant
D For wires

Practical: Samsung Galaxy S10 has an IP rating IP68 which means it is dust tight and protected against immersion in water at a meter. The Dogee S90 is rated IP68/IP69K The 9K means it can withstand high pressure jets at high temperature.

[img]https://3.bp..com/-S1zAigNVidA/XLFmgLvPeLI/AAAAAAAAAMg/1pu0tOkQH_w-CtGxmyuNEQexeAPMr_aywCLcBGAs/s320/rugged-story-dust-proof.jpg[/img]
Rugged Phones provide a great deal of IP....


2.2: Some IP Rated Phones:
Samsung Galaxy S10 Plus, Google Pixel 3XL, Huawei Mate 20 Pro, Apple IPhone XS, LG V40 Thin Q, IPhone XR, Samsung Galaxy note 9, Sony Xperia XZ3, Huawei P30 Pro ETC.

Note 1: The ratings for water ingress are not cumulative beyond IPX6. A device which is compliant with IPX7, covering immersion in water, need not be compliant with IPX5 or IPX6, covering exposure to water jets. Sometimes they can be shown as IPX7/IPX5.

Note 2: There are no hypen in a genuine IP code. IPX-7(for example) is an invalid IP code.

Note 3: When you see a rating like IPX8, X means that there is no data available to specify a protection rating with regard to this criteria, or it just wasn't tested.

Note 4: Liquid might apply only to water and not limca, coffee, beer and Pap.

[img]https://4.bp..com/-czcajO7YBto/XLFk_BFPCdI/AAAAAAAAAMY/FeJMMRpXyCwSrVkZyQZM61_yzw6YoDpUACEwYBhgL/s320/35b60cea3c08546f4de6e870bd24073f.jpg[/img]

3.0: Other Forms of Water Proof Ratings:

There are other forms of water proof ratings that are used by Smartphone developers other than the IP Rating. Let's explore them.


3.1: MIL-STD 810G:

MIL-STD-810, Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests, is a United States Military Standard that emphasizes tailoring an equipment's environmental design and test limits to the conditions that it will experience throughout its service life, and establishing chamber test methods that replicate the effects of environments on the equipment rather than imitating the environments themselves. Although prepared specifically for military applications, the standard is often used for commercial products as well.

Although it has a vast amount of tiers, we won't go into that because of it's above our scope, and it deals with more of military than smartphones.

3.2: North America (NEMA rating):

In the USA, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association defines NEMA enclosure types in NEMA standard number 250. The following table outlines which IEC 60529 IP code each respective NEMA rating meets. Ratings between the two standards are not directly equivalent: NEMA ratings also require additional product features and tests (such as functionality under icing conditions, enclosures for hazardous areas, knock-outs for cable connections and others) not addressed by IP ratings.

knock-outs for cable connections and others) not addressed by IP ratings. Like:

NEMA Enclosure IP Code
1 IP20
2 IP22
3, 3X, 3S, 3SX IP55
3R, 3RX IP24
4, 4X IP66
5 IP53
6 IP67
6P IP68
12, 12K, 13 IP54

3.3: P2i Waterproof:
[img]https://1.bp..com/-O5NCyYDIyNU/XLFkxkSG0oI/AAAAAAAAAMM/vdOZbm1LgZcsiCkWaZleihItu2WID8f6ACLcBGAs/s400/375px-P2i_strapline_RGB.jpg[/img]
P2i is a nanotechnology development company that works with manufacturers to produce liquid repellent Nano-coating protection to products for the electronics, lifestyle, life sciences, filtration and Energy, and military and institutional sectors.

Now, P2i will protect your phone from splashes and rain, but not when your phone is submerged in water. Currently it's plasma technology provides an IPX2 protection, meaning Phones would survive Splashes, Sprays, and raindrops. But this standard hasn't changed since.

4.0: Water Resistant and Water Proof: The Same Thing?:

No. Water proof means something is impervious to water regardless of how long it is submerged, Water resistant means a product can stop water entering it to some degree, but not entirely. But in the context of Phones and other gadgets like watches it's about how water resistant they are.

4.1: Can I take my IP Rated Phone for a swim?:

NO Please. We at Techtemplar will never advise you to ever go underwater deliberately with your Phone. When the IEC tests a smartphone it is done under laboratory conditions and not in a pool or river filled with all sorts of stuff. Remember back in 2015 when Sony unveiled an Xperia Phone with an IP68. They showed promotional pictures of underwater photos only to warn consumers later not to use the device when submerged.

[img]https://2.bp..com/-zcmcDv25oZQ/XLFnReTDFvI/AAAAAAAAAMo/hBfoaHWKI2cs-tHFy7DnTwZK3moBw0JkACLcBGAs/s1600/untitled.png[/img]
Remember also no Warranty covers damage from water. Most manufacturers would tell you that the tests were done under simulated environments and fixed experiments.

So that Wraps up our Explanation of the various IP ratings. Although we omitted the ATM rating, as the post was getting long already. As always we will see you next time.

Source:https://techtemplar..com/2019/04/the-various-ip-ratings-explained-eg.html?m=1

Cc: Lalasticlala
Mynd44
Dominique
Honsule

Debramaye:
I hate laptops with TN panel, it's like viewing black and white from one angle if it's not at the center yet they'll call it full HD (1920*1080) how is that even possible with dull colors on the screen as well

And accer is guilty of putting low quality TN panels on their laptops all the time yet all other specs remain powerful

True. Any Serious Laptop In 2019 Should have at least a base IPS Panel.

simonjo:


The op was doing a good job but the comparison show he lacks a basic understanding of the terms, blame our marketers for these.

Retina is useless in technical sense, it was just a marketing gimmick to refer to devices with 300 or more pixels per inch.

Screen resolution refers to the clarity of the text and images displayed on your screen.

aspect ratio describes the proportional relationship between width and its height

When screens are refereed to as HD, FHD or 4k, the PPI is still different for the devices based on the size. For example a 4k will give 440.58 PPI on a 5"-inch but 58.74 PPI on a 75-inch TV

Iphone XS uses OLED while XR user LED

Whether Or not the Retina is a useless term is another discussion for tomorrow Bro. I'm Just focusing on their True Tone technology and advanced DCI-P3 wide colour gamut as a means of comparison.

Besides I thought the IPhone XR Uses a LCD? Yhea LEDs are under LCD but it might be better to say it's an LCD.

PhenomenalMorgan:
Samsung makes the best displays in smartphones, period!!
LG makes the best displays in TVs period!!

The Best display on a smartphone is the Sony xperia z5.premium. Samsung displays are cool but not the best.

[quote author=khalhokage post=77384479]

Sorry For the late reply but let's go

Retina displays also refer to the resolution

Nope, Retina displays refer only to the PPI of the display,

Retina Is a Display panel type hence can be compared to Amoled.

You can't compare it to AMOLED which is a type of display that can be any resolution and PPI or 4K which is a resolution that can come in any PPI.

What I said is Retina displays tend to have higher resolution than Amoled screens, but then at similar tiers of resolution. For example, the Xiaomi Mi 8 has a 1080 X 2248p resolution while the IPhone XS Max has a resolution of 2688 X 1242. Also a Samsung Galaxy a10 has a 720 X 1520P while the IPhone XR uses a 1752 X 826p resolution. You see how iPhones have higher resolutions?

Then you went ahead to say that Retina displays usually have a higher resolution than AMOLED displays,

I guess you are comparing Samsungs QHD Screens/2K to the above 1080P displays of the iPhone. The IPhone isn't using a QHD screen and if it were to use one it would be higher than a Samsung mobile phone.

I have no idea how you came to that conclusion especially when Samsung flagship phones and other OEMs that use oled displays usually have a higher display resolution than iPhones,

Not true.do you know there are 4K retinas? The resolution for the normal 4k is 4096 x 2160 pixels. But in Mac books a 4K resolution is 4096 X 2304. Which is higher than the 4K laptops around.

and the same thing is true in the PC world too

Lie Bro. The Retina wasn't the highest PPI rated mobile when launched and it's purpose wasn't even about high PPI ratings. Retina Display is a marketing term developed by Apple to refer to devices that employ a resolution and pixel density at 300 or more pixels per inch(PPI)that a person is unable to discern the individual pixels at a normal viewing level.

When the Retina display marketing term was coined it was the display with the highest PPI at the time, but that is no longer the case, other manufacturers have far surpassed that milestone

Like seriously what is your definition of useless? You mean terms like Liquid Retina HD, Retina HD, Super Retina HD, Retina 4K and 5K? Is it not the liquid Retina that made people pick the so called 720P iPhone XR over fullHD 1080P devices in a blind test?

and the term is now useless.

[img]https://2.bp..com/-Xf0UPklKaks/XKuu7DCMQyI/AAAAAAAAAK8/i6B1H164GI8sAKUfKKAOMt_Jy6Nlzyp5QCLcBGAs/s1600/images%252829%2529.jpg[/img]
There are many display suffixes and terms that are employed in the smartphone marketing aspect and the display world in general. Some which are rather confusing and might bring difficulties to the prospective buyer. Now, these panel types are unique in their own way, with each having it's own special properties and functions. Without further time leverage, let's dive into the world of display panel types and also see phones that adopt each in every category. But First, some History.

1.0: Brief History of Electronic Displays:

The beginning of electronic displays started when Karl Ferdinand, In 1897 patented the Cathode-ray
tube. Although an outstanding innovation for it's time, it was only made commercially available in 1922 or so. The earliest CRT monitors were monochrome and were used primarily in oscilloscopes (An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument used to analyse the specific waveform of electronic signals.) and black and white televisions.

[img]https://4.bp..com/-6qH3qujpodE/XKuvGs-corI/AAAAAAAAALA/-aZWWMT9mBcD9iEmWVzGNVKHITFEl1jSACLcBGAs/s1600/images%252830%2529.jpg[/img]
A CRT Monitor

Ferdinand would later go on to discover Electroluminescence ( Electroluminescent Displays are a type of Flat panel display created by sandwiching a layer of electroluminescent material such as GaAs between two layers of conductors. ) in 1907, which would provide the basis for LED technology(Light emitting diode) Not to mention the invention of the first LED bulb in 1961, by Robert Biard .The very next year Nick Holonyack produced the first visible light LED.

2.0 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display):

An LCD panel is a surface-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses liquid crystals as a means of light modulation. These don't emit light by themselves, hence they use a backlight or sometimes even reflectors to emit in colours or black and white(Monochrome).

In mobile phones LCD displays mostly come in the form of IPS, TN or TFT panels. let's explain them briefly.

2.1: TFT-Thin Film Transistor:
Thin film transistors are a direct improvement over the LCD's. Due to the pixel use in LCDs as a whole, each pixel is binded directly to the capacitor and transistor. this phenomena is called Active matrix. A TFT display on a smartphone screen is faster and brighter than a regular LCD screen.


2.2: IPS- In-Plane switching Display:

[img]https://1.bp..com/-E8KKyrgJGXA/XKu1lUwzizI/AAAAAAAAALw/LdYjlZeB2EwUcQRpgFPuWprzzl3pkNSWgCLcBGAs/s1600/nokia-x7-review-mid-range-price-buy-awaqa.com-21-1.jpg[/img]

This in turn is an upgrade to the TFT displays.In-plane switching involves arranging and switching the orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal (LC) layer between the glass substrates. These are employed in mobile phones and some laptops due to the accurate colour reproduction and consitent viewing angles.

It does this by using two transistors for each pixel combined with a better backlight. They are generally more power efficient than a TFT display although they are less compared to the other types of non LCD displays, Like the AMOLED.

2.3: TN-Twisted Nematic:

The difference between IPS and TN is the arrangement of the transistors and liquid crystal. The arrangement of crystals in a TN display causes something called "angular retardation" in the light because of the structure of crystals. To maximize the benefits of better light properties in the crystals, the precision of shades per color channel is upped from 6 bits (TN displays) to 8 bits (IPS displays), this again increases its manufacturing cost. TN displays have poor color reproduction due to the limited bits, and the method of "dithering" manufacturers use to overcome the 18-bit limit has its own flaws.

Fact 1: Both IPS And TN panels are just two types of TFT Displays. But IPS are the most widely employed type.

Fact 2: There's also a type of panel called a ''Super LCD'' which has just the same advantages as the Amoled. Super LCD differs from a regular LCD in that it does not have an air gap between the outer glass and the display element.

3.0: AMOLED- Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode:

[img]https://4.bp..com/-dycbSHgwxO4/XKuvPi38OpI/AAAAAAAAALE/jyzEg6lltWst2F6uyqx6nasaKxLjDnLzQCLcBGAs/s1600/xiaomi_mi8_review_4_thumb800.jpg[/img]

OLED describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material, and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels.

OLED is an organic material that, like the name implies, emits light when a current is passed through it. Unlike LCD panels, which are back-lit, OLED displays are 'always off' unless the individual pixels are electrified.This means that OLED displays have much deeper blacks and utilize less energy when black colours are shown on the screen. However, lighter-colored pictures on AMOLED screens use even more power than an LCD screen.

3.1: OLED Screens Amplified:

What's the difference between an OLED, AMOLED and PMOLED screen? Although they are of the same category, they have different architectures.

3.1.1: OLED:

OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode. An OLED display is comprised of thin sheets ofelectroluminescent nature, the main benefit of which is they can produce their own light, and so don't require a backlight, cutting down on energy requirements.

OLED displays referred to as AMOLED displays when used on smartphones or TVs. The original PS Vita used an OLED screen. Some smartwatches and Cameras use this type of panel.

3.1.2: AMOLED:

As mentioned above, AM stands for Active Matrix, due to the fact that it uses a matrix of thin film transistors and capacitors to control the image produced by the display. These are the most common display types used on mobile phones as well as laptops and televisions.

3.1.3: P-OLED:

This stands for Plastic Organic Light Emitting Diode. The key component is a Light Emitting Diode (LED). So rather than relying on a universal backlight, each sub-pixel is capable of producing its own red, green, or blue light, or being shut-off completely. The O part in OLED stands for organic, which is the compound type that lights up when current is applied. The TFT matrix is used in a very similar way to LCD. Although this time the current is used to produce the light rather than twist the polarizing crystals. As this is an active matrix TFT, Samsung chose to call its OLED panels AMOLED.

3.1.4: PMOLED:
This is an outdated form of an AMOLED, which uses a passive organic matrix in contrast to the active matrix.

3.1.5: T-OLED:
Called Transparent Organic Light Emitting Diode,These are displays with a see-through underlying layer. Although quite rare in the choice of OLED Displays employed today, they are mostly used in Smartwatches and some Cameras.

3.2: AMOLED Suffixes and Prefixes; What do they mean?:

Sometimes, smartphone developers adopt some notable iterations to the traditional standard Amoled panel. These might be for marketing purposes, or just to showcase their rather interesting revision of the panel itself. Lets explore the most common of them and check how they differ from the original.


3.2.1: Super-AMOLED:


[img]https://1.bp..com/-O3b8_H5KydI/XKuviMPrBmI/AAAAAAAAALQ/hGE1suVnaTwC2_hvwdFomn4ITXCuC0NWACLcBGAs/s1600/images%252834%2529.jpg[/img]
The Samsung Galaxy S10e, With A Super Amoled Display

''Super AMOLED" is a marketing term created by device manufacturers for an AMOLED display with an integrated digitizer. the layer that detects touch is integrated into the screen, rather than overlaid on top of it. Now this can be said to be a term directly from Samsung, And it tries to make the display a bit thinner. There's one from them called the infinity display, but that's just a super AMOLED display.

Xiaomi and Huawei's AMOLED Screens are mostly called Super AMOLED, maybe due to the fact that Samsung supplies their Panels. Samsung also makes excellent screens with deep blacks and better colour reproduction.

3.2.2: Optic-AMOLED:

The term ''Optic'' came with the advent of the Oneplus 3 and 3T. Now, some developers say that this is actually a variant of the Super AMOLED, The aim of this screen is to adjust the color tone of the display through software changes that produces a result that is near similar to what you see in Super AMOLED displays. A series of custom-engineered gamma corrections create a more natural viewing experience, while a dual-polarizing layer ensures ideal visibility, even in blinding sunlight. The end result? Deep blacks and bright whites.

3.2.3: Super AMOLED Advanced:

Super AMOLED Advanced is a term marketed by Motorola to describe a brighter display than Super AMOLED screens, but also a higher resolution, maybe like 1520 X 720. The focus of this panel is the high brightness rating, but might be a strain on the battery.

4.0: Retina Display:


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A MacBook's Impressive Retina Display

Retina Display is a marketing term developed by Apple to refer to devices that employ a resolution and pixel density at 300 or more pixels per inch(PPI)that a person is unable to discern the individual pixels at a normal viewing level. Apple's Retina Display made its debut on 2011's iPhone 4S, which featured a 960x640p screen.

A 4K display might be generally around 3,840x2,160 resolution regardless of the size of the display, but the resolution of a Retina Display usually changes based on the size of the display. Which means the resolution of a Retina display is dynamic.

4.1: Retina Display Vs 4K:

Although 4K is quite popular if not more in the realm of the best displays on the market, the Retina edges out the 4K in quite an interesting aspect. We've seen phones like the Xperia come with about 800PPI, but the Retina is based on the belief of Apple that 300PPI is enough for any user to stop discerning individual pixels. Now this aspect is called True Tone.

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A 4K Laptop

Apple's newest displays for its iPad Pro line of tablets are now being labeled "True Tone" displays. The True Tone display is capable of producing DCI-P3 Wide Color Gamut, which is a standard used by the music industry. The move towards "Ultra-High Definition" (UHD) in the TV industry is a move towards a wider color gamut as opposed to just increasing screen resolution like the 4K.

Another feature of Apple's True Tone display is the ability to detect ambient light and alter the shade of white shown on the screen to imitate the effect. This is similar to how a sheet of paper might look more white under shade and more yellow directly under the sun.

4.2: Retina Display Vs Super Amoled:

This is a tricky question, compared to the 4K, as there are lot's of features and advantages each has over the other. It is quite pertinent to note that Retina Displays still use LCDs while AMOLED Screens use LED.Super Retina Display tend to have a much higher resolution than AMOLED displays, While AMOLED displays provide better contrast than the retina display. The AMOLED displays may have lower legibility under direct sunlight than the retina display. AMOLED Screens are also better at conserving battery than Retina screens. But there's the occasional risk of burn in's which are more prone to AMOLED.


So that wraps up our explanation of the various panel types on the market. If you have any questions please drop a comment and we'll be happy to answer them for you.

Source: https://techtemplar..com/2019/04/display-panel-types-extensively.html

Kingsean:
If u wanna know how how fast ur charger is or how slow, u may not understand all d calculations above. Just go to google play store and download "Ampere". Open d app and then plug your charger. It would start reading immediately. If d figure starts dropping rapidly then d charger is slow but when its increasing especially above 450mA, then ur charger is fast and if it gets above 800, na jet b dat o. Try it and thank me later

Yhea Bro I Forgot To Recommend The Ampere App In D Article

stonekc:
I really need a fast charger,any recommendations pls

I Forget To Mention That The Charger In The Post Is A Celbro Quick Charge 3.0 One Contact Macbeyland For It... Trust Me You Won't Regret It

LuciferYaweh:
This was really informative!

Now, let me go check my grandma's life support cable ratings.
Can't trust those doctors.
[img]https://media1./images/e47490aa817a676e0d6fab5a8b232902/tenor.gif?itemid=7806523[/img]

Lol Bro Thanks

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At times we find ourselves using our smart phones and devices all the time, and since we don't have infinite batteries our bars could run down quickly. Since time is a big factor in our daily activities we should get a good enough charger that can fill up our batteries and allow us resume our work as soon as possible.

Now, finding a great charger for your phone could be hard and stressful, especially with the numerous details/specifications and proliferation of fakes in the market. But in today's article, we'll be explaining charger mechanics and how to identify a great and fast charger.

1.0: How to identify a Good Phone charger:

Phone chargers are really popular, as almost everyone has a cellphone that requires periodic charging for operation. Check these criteria and specifications to know how your charger really operates.

1.1: Check the Volt and Hz(Frequency) Rating On the power brick:

You must have noticed a writing that reads 120V-240V. This simply means that your power brick can take AC(Alternating Current) of the range of 240 as Input. A typical socket in the USA has 120V, while Nigeria here has about 230V. Which means your charger can be used adequately at any of these places. Only Kuwait that has a Volt rating of about 240. Also Nigeria uses 50Hz while The US uses 60 Hz. Hz is the number of waves that move per second.

1.2: Check the Output Volt Rating:

Now this is where the real problem lies. If you check under the input volt rating, I.e the 240V, you'll see the output volt spec. While the most basic is just 5V, modern chargers now pump out 9V and 12V in line with quick charge specs. Sometimes, there are chargers that even adjust the output mode automatically by the load, hence why you can see different volt ratings like 5V, 9V or like 8V-9V.

Now having higher volts isn't always great, as sometimes our phones might not be able to carry such high amount of volts. For example check the battery rating for a Tecno y3 below:

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You can see that the max volts allowed is about 4.35V so a volt of let's say 12V could damage the battery in the long run.

Fact 1:Each AC/DC power adapter is specifically designed to accept a certain AC input (usually the standard output from a 120 V AC outlet in your home) and convert it to a particular DC output. Likewise, each electronic device is specifically designed to accept a certain DC input.

1.3: Check the Ampere rating:

This is an important factor that plays a role in smartphone charging. Sometimes written as Milliampere-hour(Mah), is the battery capacity and also the energy transfer rating of the charger. Any Serious charger should be rated at least at 1.0A which is equal to 1000Mah. This means that 1.2A means 1200Mah and 2.0A means 2000MAh. Any thing below 1.0A(like 0.75A which means 750mah) is only good for charging small USB laterns and Toys.

Now you shouldn't worry about the ampere rating exceeding your maximum allowed by your battery, as manufacturers usually adopt a high range of current. And also Ampere rating is less dangerous than the Volt rating.

And also if your charger has Max 3.0A output, and your phone has 2.0A rating, it would regulate the 3.0A and draw only 2.0A as needed. Hence the reason why you don't get quick charge bonuses when using a non quick charge phone.

1.4: Check if it has any quick charge tag:

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Although quick charge is Qualcomm's propertiery charging range, other smartphone developers adopt other forms of charging tags even though they're using Snapdragon. Like Samsung's adaptive fast charge and Huawei's super charge.

Fact 2: Huawei's supercharge 2.0 has 10V and 4.0A, which produces 40W(Watts).Samsungs adaptive fast charge has 9V/1.7A which brings out 15.3W or just 15Watts. Xiaomi's Mi 8 Using Qualcomm's Quick charge 3.0 has a charger rated 9V/2.0A Which is a nice 18W charger. Confused how Watt entered the Picture? Check below:

1.4.1: How to calculate the Rating of my charger in Watts:

Sometimes you might be hearing of 18W chargers or even 27W and that's not even specified on the power brick. This is actually easy to calculate. Just Multiply the Volt rating by the Ampere amount. Like 9V/2.0A. 9 X 2.0=18W. and hence a 9V/3.0A(9 X 3) would give 27W.

1.4.2: Let's practically interpret this Nice charger here:

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1. You can spot the AC of about 100-240V, which is decent and quite uniform.

2. The output mode here in this power brick can be adjusted automatically by the load, hence there are three Input volt lines. The 3.6V-6V would equal 3.0A or just 3000MAh. And so on.

3. This Charger is a Quick charge 3.0 certified one. So let loose if you're Phone supports this standard.

4. There are two ports here, the first utilises a 5V standard, and would output 2.1A which is basically a 10W port, which is decent for Phones without quick charge 3.0, but the second is the sweetest as it uses at least 9V-12V which is equal to 1.5A, 9V X 2.0A=18W and 12V X 1.5A also equals 18W. Which is superb.

5. Bottom line this is a really great charger, good for both quick charge and non quick's alike.


2.0: How to Spot a great battery only charger: Usually Known as Universal Chargers.

Although these are becoming extinct due to the advent of non removable batteries(inbuilt batteries), there's a chance you have a few headset batteries lying around, or spare ones you just use in case of a drain.

If you are going to be charging the battery separately from the phone or headset, be sure to find a battery-only charger that matches the voltage of whatever is posted on the battery.

2.0: How to know a great Car charger:

You might just want to charge your phone in your car, or try to reclaim some percentage of battery lost during the day.

Car chargers Can only be used in the 12V cigarette lighter socket found in most vehicles. These Chargers tend to have very high aH (amps per hour) ratings to provide a quick charge, but wary of your phone battery can handle the high current.

2.2: How to spot a great laptop charger:


For laptop power adapters we think that the input of the device should be the same as the output of the adapter. This includes polarity. If the device has a DC input of +12V / 5.4A, get an adapter that has a DC output of +12V / 5.4A. If you have a universal adapter, make sure it has the proper current rating and that you choose the correct voltage and polarity.

Apart from the information mentioned above, The other important term to know is polarity. For direct currents, there is a positive pole (+) and a negative pole (-). For an adapter to work, the positive plug must mate with a negative receptacle or vice versa. Direct current, by nature, is a one-way street, and things just won’t work if you try to go up the downspout.

2.3: How to identify a Good Wireless Charger:


Although wireless chargers are a bit rare in today's collection of adapters, it's is still possible that you have a wireless charge enabled device. To learn about wireless chargers you have to know about Qi.

Now Qi, is an open interface standard that defines wireless power transfer using inductive charging over distances of up to 4 cm (1.6 inches), and is developed by the Wireless Power Consortium.

The Qi 1.2 standard supports charging speeds of up to 15 watts (9 volts/1.67 amps), but 5W, 7.5W, and 10W chargers are more common right now. iPhones support up to 7.5 watts, and many Android phones can do up to 10 watts. Xiaomi's Wireless charger launched with the Mi 9 comes with a exciting 20W, and Huawei's own on their website supports 12V/1.25A 15W.

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A 20W Wireless charger. Xiaomi Says it can fill up your Mi 9 in 60 Minutes.

2.4: For your wireless car chargers:
Interesting how Far technology has gone these days. While car wireless charging adopts the same rating as the standard table wireless chargers, generally just choose the one your phone can support, maybe like 10W. Sometimes it might come with an automatic clamp just like Xiaomi's 20W chargers!

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A Cool device to have....

Note: USB Cords play a role charging but as noticed this guide focuses more on the power packs or bricks.

So that wraps up our guide on smartphone plus other devices. If you have any questions, or your'e still confused about the specifications on the chargers, drop a comment and we will answer it for you.

Source: https://techtemplar..com/2019/03/how-to-identify-really-great.html?m=1

Amusing Answer:

It's Because They Sell Other Items.They Have A Really Wide Range Of Items From Phones To TV's To Even Cutlery And Toys. Oppo And Oneplus On The Other Hand Have Few Marketing Items Hence Why Xiaomi Could Be Cheaper Than Them All. Xiaomi Also Says They make 0% Profit From The Sale Of Their Phones But About 5% From Their Nice Software.

Serious Answer:

Offline And Online Marketing. Here's An Excerpt From My Previous Article.

''Oppo(and other companies) on its own relies on the sales of its offline market. To do this it has to maintain a good relationship with its retailers which involves giving them more money. To avoid running at a loss Oppo has to price it's smart phones higher to make ends.

Xiaomi on the other hand employs an effective online system where it controls the free flow and cost incurred in the offline market.''

Hope It Helped U Can Visit My Blog For More Information On These Topics

Please Who Has Been Noticing These Profile Pictures On YouTube Lately.....Like What Does It Mean? Im Thinking Of Writing An Article On It

Santinojr:
Very educative post @ Op
But please, can you explain how a FHD device can be able to shoot videos in 4k example is the LeEco Le2 which is a FHD device but can shoot in 4K

Alright Bro Shooting Videos on Smart phones And Even Specialized Cameras Depend On The Camera Sensor Not Display Resolution This Time. It's The Image Processor In The Leco That Determines If It Shoots In 4K Or Not.

But Watching Those 4K Videos On Your FullHD Device Is Where The Display Resolution Comes In. For Example, In YouTube And Netflix A Phone That Has A 1080p(FullHD) Screen Would Have An Option To View In 1080p.If I Had The Sony Xperia Z5 I Would Be Able To View In 4K

Rick9:
So highly and extremely educative, i have learned sth new,

Thos screen size always get me bemused.
Can u write an Article on RAM, Ghz, Processor, GPU, CPU thanks

I Have One On RAM, Please Check My Posts But The Rest I Will Write Them Later On Thanks

MrBONE2:
Highly Educative Oups

May Great One bless you

And You Too Bro

sheshemeregun:
this is what i knew nairaland for when i was a guest,interesting topics,educative info,and above all a learning enviroment for all,i hope this makes frontpage.

Thanks

IKON360:

punch hole displays will soon trend too. They won't perfect old tech but be jumping up and down to make money. For instance why on God's earth is Samsung galaxy fold $2000? And who needs a folding phone? Now its triple cameras, Nokia pure view will have 5, Huawei mate 20 pro has 4, yet Google pixel 3 has just two. And it beats all of them. Na wa for technology

You might be right....But To a certain extent. You see We need newer innovations and patents in order to expand our knowledge and get closer to the perfect machine. A punch hole display in my my opinion will lead to a good host of improvements and development such as the periscopic camera while the under display fingerprint would lead to maybe the under display camera. The Google pixel doesn't beat those phones you mentioned there in terms of function. It doesn't have the mates telephoto lens, as it uses digital zoom...mind you digital zoom is not as good as A telephoto lens. The present fingerprint scanners were slow in the past so we should give UD fingerprints some time too.

kallmemrB:
Great write up..may God bless you

Thanks and You Too

Palmerbarry:
Nice write-up bro.

Thanks Bro

Dreyl:
Quite educative

Thanks

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You might have been wondering what those big numbers on the display specification sheet mean, Also how a 720p display is better than a 144p, And how this translates into better viewing angles, better colour reproduction and appealing imagery. Well those terms and definitions could be a bit confusing, But in this post we will explain the various resolution types and give examples of phones, Television and even computer screens sets that use them.So relax and read on, because you read it from techtemplar.

1.0: What is resolution?
The display resolution of any display device(TV, Phone, Computer) is the total number of Pixels that can be shown in each dimension. This is normally expressed in terms of Horizontal X Vertical, For example 640 X 480 means 640 pixels Horizontaly and 480 pixels Vertically.

Secondly, You must of heard of a term called PPI. This is simply Pixels per inch, which is used to describe how densely packed those Pixels are in an inch of the screen/image. For example, a screen with 400ppi would have 400 Pixels in one square inch of the display. So 400 Pixels is a fairly decent pixel count, which will result to good looking images.... Compared to a 50ppi screen, which has fewer Pixels per inch. On the 50ppi screen you would even notice blocks on the image displayed.

Printers have theirs called DPI, Dots per inch. But let's leave that for now.

Although Resolution types of computers and TV's are many, Smartphone types are actually fixed and few. Theres a 70% chance that the phone you're using has a 1280 X 720p display. Or a 50% chance that it's a 1980 X 1080p if it's a rather recent model. And a 30% bet it's a 2048 X 1080p.

Note: 720p does not mean 720 pixels. It only shows the method of scanning used in piecing the picture on the screen. Details shortly.
Please if you don't need this information skip to 2.0

1.2: 1080p and 1080i; What is it?

As said above, The P and I only shows the scanning method used in painting the image on your screen. "i" stands for interlaced scan, while "P" stands for Progressive Scan.

1.2.1: Interlaced Scan:
Interlaced scan was used in the Cathode ray tube monitors(CRT) and old television sets. The screen would arrange pixels in horizontal lines. Ever noticed that on your older TV if came really close you would notice the lines on the screen? Nowadays, Modern TV's paint their pixel line, line by line, so you won't notice them. I Scans render the Odd Lines first, then the even lines.

1.2.2: Progressive Scan:
Now, a problem that faced interlaced scans was flickering. Due to the fact that they displayed odd lines first. The solution was to bring up a term called refresh rate. This would increase the number of times a picture is pieced up. Like 60 times per second or 120 times per second.

Today, the term is called Frame Rate instead. The frame rate is the speed in which monitors separate a frame of information. Windows now set it to a base 60 cycles per second, or just 60 Hertz which is decent, but if you're a gamer 120hz would be ideal.

This is where progressive scan comes in. Here the lines are painted in a regular sequence. Let's use 720p for example, this is used for displays that are characterised by 720p horizontal lines of vertical resolution and a progressive scan.
Before we digress, let's quickly jump on our initial train.
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2.0: Resolutions Simplified:

Now there are basic resolution presets that are used in the smartphone display world. These mostly spawn on different types of market devices from Budget to Flagships. We'll start from the bottom to the top.

2.1: HD Display-----1280 X 720p:

HD as you know means High definition. Any phone using this measurement is a HD ready display. A small HD screen would have a higher PPI, pixel density which means a pretty good image.

Now the PPI would vary due to the size of the screen. A notched 6.2 inch screen would have 283ppi, while a 4.7" screen would have 313ppi. These screens are both HD ready screens.

Netflix and YouTube both support these resolutions.While not the best at least they're for people who want to conserve data a little.

Examples of Phones using this resolution: Tecno Camon 11 Pro, Infinix Hot 6x. Etc

2.2: FullHD Display----1280 X 1080p:

Full HD is the direct upgrade from HD displays. Thankfully these displays are getting more popular, as budget phones now field them properly. Only some companies still employ the former.

Just like in HD displays, the smaller the screen the more pixels per inch. A 6.0 inch screen has 403ppi, while a 5.0 inch screen has 444ppi.

Employed by both LED and LCD panels, these generally tend to have better image reproduction. Useful for gamers and movie lovers.

Examples: Redmi Note 7, Redmi Note 5 Pro, Vivo x21, Oppo F7 etc

2.3: 2K-----2048 X 1080p:

A well known display resolution. The name "2K" comes from the fact that the Horizontal pixel count is over two thousand. This is mostly used in flagship phones, like the ones Samsung and Sony produce.

Although this has a vertical pixel count as the fullHd, it is considered to be a different resolution standard.

Examples: Xiaomi mi 8, Oneplus 6, Lenovo Z5 Pro Etc

2.4: QHD----2560 X 1440p:
QHD( Quad High Definition), simply means four(4) times the definition of HD(720p).A 5.5-inch QHD display has a pixel density of 538 ppi and alternatively the pixel density of a 5.5-inch FullHD display is 400 ppi. 538ppi is a lot!

This is used In gaming monitors, flashy television sets and really high end mobile phones. This can also be referred to 2K.
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Examples: Nokia 9, The Razer Phone, Samsung galaxy S9, Huawei Mate 20 Pro, Google pixel 3XL Etc

2.5: UHD----3840 X 2160p:
This is called Ultra High Definition. Used in high grade Television sets and gaming monitors.

Here it is four times the vertical pixel count of FullHD this time. Smartphone developers sometimes call this resolution 4k. For example, The sony xperia XZ was the first mobile phone to support both ''4K'' and HDR(High dynamic range).Now,this boasted a nice resolution of about 3840 x 2160p. Remember that 2K simply means above two thousand right? 3840 isnt up to four thousand so isnt a true 4K display. But still, its a fantastic display type. In fact, the Sony Xperia Z5 premium has a pixel density of about 800 PPI on its 5.5'' screen.

Examples: Sony Xperia XZ, Sony Xperia Z5 Premium.

2.6: 4K----4096 X 2160p:
Often 4K is used as a term for UHD. Although the pixel margin is quite little, They are still different. The term 4K comes from the fact that the horizontal pixel count is over four thousand, just like in 2K.

Now, there is no known phone that fields this type of resolution. Unless you count the sony xperia, which has an ultra hd display also called 4k.

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The Sony Xperia Z5 Premium


2.7: 8K-----7680 x 4320p:
Although the Horizontal pixel count is less than eighth thousand, this is still referred to as 8K and offers Four times that of 2K. That's about 16 times that of FullHD. This is the ultimate display available on any device on earth right now. It will certainly take a while before it appears on smartphones.

Note: Phones are usually depicted as let's say, 1080 X 2160, because phones are used in portrait mode compared to TV's and Laptops that use landscape mode(rectangle). Although they're the same as the ones explained above, it isn't a good way to express them.

3.0 Display Aspect Ratios:

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The aspect ratio of a display describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height.

Aspect ratio is expressed by the symbolic notation: X:Y. Although The values of X and Y are not the actual width and height of the image, but describe the relationship between them. Aspect ratio is also the viewable area and shape of a display. For example, a display with 4:1 aspect ratio means the width of the display is 4 times that of the height. Think of it like a rectangle.

A smartphone with an 18:9 aspect ratio gives you a taller screen with smaller side bezels as well as the top and bottom. A 19:9 aspect ratio gives you a notch, which eliminates a bit of the top bezel.

Cc: Lalasticlala
Mynd44
Dominique
Seun

Source: https://techtemplar..com/2019/02/smartphone-resolution-types-explained.html

Please if you enjoyed the post please leave a comment below...it will mean a lot to me

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Ever wondered why a well-known Smartphone company that had a respectable presence in the market would just one day create a sub-brand that's quite different and independent from the mother brand? Truth is you're not alone on this.

We remember back in 2013 when Oppo unveiled the Oneplus as it's sub-brand, Or when the eastern mobile phone giant Huawei launched its Honor sub-brand. Fast forward to 2019 and we see the popular line of Xiaomi called Redmi, head off on its own to the unknown city. Which was quite saddening because Redmi was one of Xiaomi's best-selling lines. It even seems Vivo has recently joined the gang and just yesterday unveiled its sub-brand called "iQoo".
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IQoo's First Post on Weibo

Fact: If you're an English speaker and you're trying to pronounce ''IQoo'' Know that even Chinese people are bemused by this...We think its pronounced ''Eye-Q''

One might begin to wonder why these Companies chose to spread out by dividing their base strength and financial might. Sun Tzu said and I quote "Form a single united body, if the enemy's army is split up into fractions'' And worse off it seems Chinese brands are the ones adopting this strategy to invade new markets and fight off competition. But maybe there's a reason, a really good reason why this business template is being adopted today. In Today's article, we will also discuss umbrella corporations, like transsion holdings and BBK electronics.

1.0: Brief history of sub-branding

1.1: Oneplus:
The popular smartphone manufacturer, Oneplus was released on the 16th of December, 2013 by Former Oppo vice president Pete lau. Though at first he denied that the Oneplus was a subsidiary owned by Oppo, Subsequent Chinese government documents actually showed that It was actually a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oppo. According to Pete he said Oppo was just a major stake holder. So as Oppo itself is owned but the Chinese Multinational company called BBK Electronics, Oneplus could be said to be a sub brand of BBK itself.

1.2: Honor:
Another notable case was when Huawei released the Honor brand in 2013. Although the idea was put forward in 2011, it was founded by Ren Zhengfei in 2013.Its first flagship phone for Europe was the Honor 6. About 20 million Honor phones were sold within the first six months of 2015, equal to the number sold in all of 2014.By June 2015, the brand had expanded into 74 countries, including European nations, India, and Japan. Honor's dual brand strategy helped it tap from the rich resources, Talented manpower and technological advancement of Huawei to set up High quality smart phones at unbeatable prices.

1.3: Transsion Holdings:
Transsion Holdings, is a shenzen based smartphone producer with a notable presence in Africa and India. It's well known for its brands, Tecno, Infinix, Itel and Spice, and it's accessories department called oriamo.

1.4 Pocophone:
The Pocophone by Xiaomi, was launched on the 22nd of August, in New Delhi India. Released by Xiaomi to foster Flagship specifications and effectively trickle them down to the Mid-range category, where it stays. All while providing a good pricing system. The Pocophone F1, was arguably one of the biggest smartphone releases of 2018. Since it was announced in August 2018, it instantly became Xiaomi's bestseller with 900,000 units sold until 1st of January 2019. It was the top rated smartphone of Q3 2018 in India.

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2.0 Why do Smartphone Companies form Sub-brands?:

Less we digress, There are quite a few reasons the leading smartphone companies split into independent brands. They include:

2.1: To Present you with sense of choice:

Sometimes, these brands can confuse the average consumer into thinking he has a free decision especially when there's no pre-information about the background of these brands.

You might be like "I don't like tecno", "I dislike Vivo but I Prefer Oneplus" The truth is you're just buying from the same people.

2.1: To create a sense of market dominance:

One might just think the high prized target markets like India and China might be too competitive for a new company to even get a foothold there. I mean just looking at the number of producers there might just make a prospective developer shiver with fear. There might be enough brands struggling already but more of your affiliated brands might be better in bringing out the chunk of profit. Think of it when 3 armies attack one in a decisive battle.

2.2: To satisfy target markets and specific needs:

This is a really good reason sub brands are important. They can really help when there's need to perfect a specific role or provide important wants that consumers prefer, while at lower prices than other competitors. For example the Honor sub-brand and even the Blackshark mostly focuses on Gamers, It uses Huawei's chipset and tries to position it's phones in an attractive light. Oppo on the other hand is known for its Awesome Camera, hence it's branded as a camera phone. The Oneplus main selling point might it's Software, Called Oxygen OS that is said to be more smoother than Stock Android.Vivo's new IQoo is said to be targeted at gamers also.

Fact: The popular quote ''Never settle'' actually originated from the oneplus original launch. Since it was known for having flagship specs at a lower price, Pete said the User would ''Never settle'' for the inferior products other companies sold.

2.3: To aid research and development:

Diversity in equipment production can lead to opportunities and advancement of current technology. Like in BBK's case, Oppo can develop a better Camera algorithm and pass it on to Vivo and the Oneplus. Oneplus might make steady advancements in their software and have other brands implement it.

2.4: To create a loyal fan base:

The more fans the better, as a main driving point in business ethics is to try to keep consumers that are willing to keep buying your products and upgrading to the latest line you have to offer. The Oneplus is a really good example as well as the Realme brand in India. Although the Pocophone equally has a rising number of loyalists and cabal members...lol.Such consumers are invaluable hence why OEMs adopt different strategies such as flash sales, extra curricular activities, Launch invites and also trying to associate popular figures like celebrities to their products so that their fans can rate them more.

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2.5: To fight the Competition more effectively:

We'll start with an example, In India Xiaomi launches it's smart phones, which is normally a threat to Oppo as they've been there for some time. Naturally Oppo can't take on Xiaomi head on. Because Xiaomi's aggressive pricing would put a strain on Oppo. Oppo might need to overhaul it's brand which it can't, then they release the Realme brand to target the sub 150$ or 10000 rs market. Xiaomi on the other hand releases the Poco to target the sub 20000 rs or 300$ market and the redmi to directly take on the Realme. They do this while trying to adequately differentiate between the main brand and trying to establish a foothold with unbeatable prices.

2.6: To solve the problem of logistics and online/offline retail:

Offline marketing strategies utilize offline media channels to create awareness of a company's products and services. These campaigns can include radio and print advertising – including billboards, signs and television advertisments.


While Online marketing is the process to catch the attention of potential customers for business through particular banner, articles, video, images, flash animation etc. Marketing activities or information are planned as an elegant tempt to the visitors in which particular website of business wants to attract.

Oppo on its own relies on the sales of its offline market. To do this it has to maintain a good relationship with its retailers which involves giving them more money. To avoid running at a loss Oppo has to price it's smart phones higher to make ends.

Xiaomi on the other hand employs an effective online system where it controls the free flow and cost incurred in the offline market.

When offline, The Realme is based in India, so Oppo kind of hopes this would reconcile the aggressive pricing the redmi tends to employ since it isn't based in India..... Yet.

3.0 Notable brands in the past that failed to make a mark:

Yes, Chinese OEMs are not the first to employ this Type of business strategy in the past. There are some notable Local producers that couldn't keep up with dual-branding:

3.1: Micromax: Yu

YU Televentures was an Indian consumer electronics brand that was created on 18 December 2014 as a joint venture between Cyanogen Inc and Micromax Informatics Limited
Although micro wants to revive this sub brand the brand had a premature e-commerce space as well as other problems.

3.2: Lava: Xolo

XOLO was an Indian mobile device brand based out of Noida, India. XOLO was also the first Indian manufacturer to partner with AMD to launch the XOLO Win tablet. Just like Yu, Xolo probably didn't have the financial strength to keep up with the brand.

3.3: Lenovo: Motorola

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Acquired from Google for about 2.9 billion dollars in 2014, Lenovo actually said they would drop their own mobile line in favour of Motorola. Well, we all know that worked out.
Although still present in India and other neighbouring countries, Motorola has not been a worthy competitor as it was in the past.

So that wraps up the reason for dual branding in the smartphone race. But do you really think that Sub brands are the spear heads needed for market dominance? Please drop a comment below.

Cc: lalasticlala
Mynd44
Dominique
Seun

Source: https://techtemplar..com/2019/02/ever-wondered-why-smartphone-companies.html

Trex4:
Interesting Write Up OP.

TDonald:
Good read

Thanks Bro

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The RAM Count in Mobile Phones is definitely one of the biggest features people check when choosing or comparing smart phones. Maybe After the Processor, Camera and battery. We remember when the rumours were flying that Vivo and Oppo were working on 10gb RAM Phones. Xiaomi Beat them to it and released the Mi Mix 3 with a Whooping 10(ten)Gigabytes of Ram. Then came the Lenovo Z5 Pro GT, with another large 12gb of Ram. That just pegs the question which is the title of this article, Do you really need Computer sized Ram counts in your phone? Let's explore the workings of smartphone memory processing and arrive at the final piece.

1.0: What is RAM?
RAM(Random Access Memory), is just simply memory that is used instantly to hold data and information that components use for a short period of time. Think of a CPU as a Brain. Then the Ram is it's memory. Just as you need to store facts in your memory for a short exam that's how the Ram is utilised as temporal storage.

Ram helps to hold important Data for use almost instantaneously. Internal storage might be fast but they are slower than Ram when it comes to instant processing. For example the read, write speed of the UFS (Universal Flash Storage) 2.1 is about 900Mb/second. Cool right? But the read-write speed of a LPDDR4 Ram is about 8000Mb/second. Hence the reason why Ram is always smaller than internal storage.

2.0 Ram Mechanism:

When you click an applicant it loads up, a Data parchment is created in the system Ram. Your operating system(be it Android or windows) would then direct the CPU to perform any task and also display it for your viewing. The data from the parchment would then go to a smaller but even faster part of the CPU called Cache.

When you run out of Ram, the system would result to using internal storage as Ram. Since internal storage has lower read speeds, it would become more slower.

3.0 How your phone uses Ram:

Ask an average user what Ram is used for in a phone and he'll tell you it helps in multitasking. While that's true, there are other things Ram can help with in your mobile phone. Such as:

3.1: Kernel section:
The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer's operating system, with absolute control over the operation of the system. it is one of the first programs loaded on start-up. This is a file that is stored directly in the Ram and is loaded up during the start up process.

3.2: IMEI Information:
The IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) is a number used to identify WCDMA and GSM smartphones. These are stored in the Non-Volatile memory called the NVRAM. Just like the Kernel section, This moves to the RAM at start up.

3.3: Internet and Radio settings:
Similar to the IMEI information, Your internet and radio settings are also stored in your NVRAM. Support software and internal codes are also transferred along with them to the Ram at start-up.

3.4: GPU:
The Gpu( Graphics processing Unit) uses the system Ram to work properly and deliver its functions. The Ram it uses is called VRAM or Video Ram.In Computers, They have dedicated VRAM but phones dont.

3.5: Multi-tasking:
Apps need to be opened faster, and due to the faster speed capability of Ram it is most suitable for this function. But this is what your remaining Ram can do after the above tasks have been taken care off.

4.0: Ram and the Iphone Story:

Like most of the other features of the apple Iphone, Apple have been rather tight-lipped when it comes to the internal Ram of the Iphone. The first Iphone had about 129MB of Ram, while teardowns showed that the Iphone 8 Plus has 3GB and The Iphone XS Max has about 4GB. These are rather small figures compared to the above 6gb we find on Andoid smartphones, But do these smartphones show better efficiency more than the Iphone?

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For example, The Ipad Mini 4 had 2GB of Ram, but can perform good levels of multi-tasking. Its previous generation, The Mini 3 with 1GB Can't. Not that its impossible though, But Apple doesn't Think its well optimized to do so. The multi tasking prowess of IOS devices cannot be ignored, as it is smooth and well optimized for a positive user experience.

In Android powered smartphones, The kernel is mostly built on a version of Java(A programming language) called Java 8 and uses a trash collection activity when the Ram fills up. Ironically this process uses Ram also.

But in Iphones, it's a different matter. The IOS completely eradicates the trash process and rather suspends the application to the background. This time-out also helps in reducing battery drain and further Ram mismanagement. Wondering why Android doesn't use this method? Simple because Java 8 has its own Cleaning mechanism differnt from that of IOS.

5.0: How much Ram do you really need?

The first step in solving this question would be to address the issue of what amount of Ran is needed, at least in 2019. Lets start with an example;
The Mi 8 SE has 4GB of Ram. There are 13 apps loaded up and it still says 1.7GB free. The Oneplus 3 has an 8GB Variant. In The test of the 8gb, the dialy usage showed that about only 50% of the Ram was being Utilised on a dialy basis. If we try to fill up the Ram, the phone kind of gets aggressive and refreshes the apps presumably to save battery. That means that the remaining Gbs of Ram cannot be used up.

Today, about 4GB of Ram is okay for any kind of Mobile Phone. Anything above that is just overkill in our opinion. The main reason why OEM's pump more ram in their Phones is to make it seem more attractive than what others are offering. It's like Hey look, Xiaomi has a 6GB phone. Let's make ours 8GB. Think otherwise? have a look at the Iphone story.

But 8GB might be a little bit future proof and other factors which come to play which we will discuss in 7.0.

6.0: Does more Ram affect Performance?

No. If you have the optimal amount of Ram needed already, the extra count wont help at all and would just be a strain to your battery. Remember that Unused ram is basically useless. Even so, you might even notice Phones with 6GB of ram still refreshing apps. let's discuss that in 7.0.

7.0: Check for these specifications instead:

Instead of checking if a phone has 12Gb of Ram, Check these specs in place of that.

7.1: The OS or Skin on top:
Nowadays, instead of the traditional Stock android, Some OEM's sometimes place a heavily customized skin on android, mostly Chinese developers due to the prohibition of Google in China. Here, the skin takes on most of the functions that google would mostly perform, which includes directing applications and multitasking.Others just have it to look different and add more features not available in android. Its also a trademark software.
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Xiaomi's MIUI would definitely have more Ram needs than Stock Android

That said, some skins adopt differenet approaches to Ram management. While MIUI is known to kill apps in the background to save battery, Oxygen OS emplys a radical approach to keep apps floating while clearing trash files in the phone. Also MIUI is also a heavy type of skin, while Stock android is actually a light version. Android Go is even lighter and made for phones with about 1Gb.

7.2: The Cache of the Processor:
As stated above, the cache memory is tied directly to the CPU and is used to store instructions that are frequently accessed.

In the Snapdragon 835, this flagship processor employs a good 2MB for the high performance cores and 1MB for Low performance cores. However in the Snapdragon 845. The Performance Cores are given 256 KB of L2 Cache (for each core) whereas the Efficiency Cores get 128 KB of L2 Cache (for each core). In addition to this, there is also a shared L3 cache memory of 2MB for the cores.

These are Flagship SOCs(socket on chip), So you might want to do a research on your processor.

7.3: The Ram architecture:

The previous model DDR3(double data rate synchronous) Rams had about 5000MB/Second copy speeds. DDR4 had about 8000MB/Second. Checking the read-write speed of your Ram would determine the effieciency of your phone.

7.4: What you intend using it to do:
If you play heavy games on your Smartphone or run emulators you would need a good amount of ram on your phone. Even more if you watch VR(Virtual reality) movies and play VR games.

If you're a developer, Unlocking the boot loader of your devices might give options to explore in order to maximise your phones full potential.

But if you're a casual user less ram would be all right in our perspective.

7.5: How long you would be using it:

A phone with more ram than normal would be more future proof. For example, I Updated an Infinix Hot 4 Lite to android 7.0 Nougat from 6.0 Marshmello. The phone had only 1GB ram and often struggled to load quickly. If you purchase a 6GB Mobile, it is most likely to survive a major update than others with 2GB.

Tip 1.0: More ram does not affect performance positively.

Tip 2.0: Cleaning apps is not recommended as it just drains battery. idle ram is mostly bad at this point.

So that wraps up the article. what are your thoughts on Ram architecture and count? Please share a comment below and have nice weekend!

Source; https://techtemplar..com/2019/02/do-you-really-need-810-or-even-12gb-of.html

Cc: lalasticlala
Mynd44
Dominique
Seun

Trex4:
Nice one OP. I prefer the Telephoto lens because it can actually double as a depth sensor also.

yhea I like the 2x lossless zoom it provides also some modules come with studio effects