₦airaland Forum

Ishilove:
No reason given?

None.

Mad man

Lies.

Very foolish take. Was isreal and russia attacking or defending?

Thats a summary of the story of mismanagement in Africa. We do what gives us money personally on the shortest possible notice and maintain the structure that preserves the inflow of that money on a long run.

malali:
Lets make some ritualist money $$$$$$$$.

...and loot into private pockets that are backed by secure bank accounts in the West.

After provoking Israel, they cannot sleep with eyes closed. That's a good starting point for their punishment.

Okay.

Cc NLFPMOD,LALASTICLALA, MYND44, SEUN, FERGIE001

Originally titled Cocoa's Bittersweet Supply Chain in One Visualization
Nov 4, 2020

Govind Bhutada
Author, Visual Capitalist

Chocolate is a global $130 billion industry, that relies on one key ingredient; cocoa.

From bean to bar, the cocoa supply chain is a bittersweet one.

The end product is something universally loved, but it also comes with a largely hidden human cost.

Many cocoa farmers earn less than $1/day.

Farmers are often unable to bear the costs of cocoa farming, turning instead to child labour.



Cocoa: A bittersweet supply chain
From bean to bar, the cocoa supply chain is a bittersweet one. While the end product is something most of us enjoy, this also comes with a human cost.

Based on how much cocoa comes from West Africa, it’s likely that most of the chocolates we eat have a little bit of Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana in them. The $130B chocolate industry relies on cocoa farming for supply of chocolate’s key ingredient. Yet, many cocoa farmers make less than $1/day.


https://assets.weforum.org/editor/WjdHg0e8kX9TPRyUNMbdUgURiKcFiVC1gonS_ZNYvjo.jpg
[color=#777]The above graphic maps the major trade flows of cocoa and allows us to dive deeper into its global supply chain.[/color]

From bean to bar: Stages in the cocoa supply chain

Cocoa beans go through a number of stages before being used in chocolate products.

1. Harvesting, fermenting, and drying


First, farmers harvest cocoa beans from pods on cacao plants. Next, they are fermented in heaps and covered with banana leaves. Farmers then dry and package the cocoa beans for domestic transportation.

2. Domestic transportation, cleaning, and exporting


Domestic transporters carry packaged cocoa beans to either cleaning warehouses or processing factories. Cocoa beans are cleaned and prepared for exports to the chocolate production hubs of the world.

3. Processing and chocolate production


Processing companies winnow, roast, and grind cocoa beans and then convert them into cocoa liquor, cocoa butter, or cocoa cakes—which are mixed with other ingredients like sugar and milk to produce chocolate products.

Cocoa farming and trade are at the roots of the chocolate industry, and the consistent supply of cocoa plays a critical role in providing us with reasonably-priced chocolate.

So where exactly does all this cocoa come from?

The key nations in cocoa’s global supply chain

Growing cocoa has specific temperature, water, and humidity requirements. As a result, the equatorial regions of Africa, Central and South America, and Asia are optimal for cocoa farming.

These regions host the biggest cocoa exporters by value.

https://assets.weforum.org/editor/-atuTlxu3LECbyuhsAT_soJ2-_W5V9rqky28TCG6_F8.png
[color=#777]The biggest exporters[/color]

Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana are responsible for 70% of global cocoa production, and cocoa exports play a huge role in their economies. Although the majority of exporters come from equatorial regions, Belgium stands out in fifth place.

On the other hand, most of the top importers are in Europe—the Netherlands and Germany being the top two.

https://assets.weforum.org/editor/jB8gmmBibrPz_-Cnpym7c-42G4zd62LSiToE6ponf24.png
[color=#777]The biggest importers[/color]

chocolate cocoa supply chain retail food agriculture confectionary farmers africa
The biggest importers. Image: Visual Capitalist
In third place, the U.S. primarily sources its cocoa from Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Ecuador. Mars, Hershey, Cargill, and Blommer—some of the world’s biggest chocolate manufacturers and processors—are headquartered in the U.S.


https://assets.weforum.org/editor/iZUoV2itTZTe9P0qLQ6F2wPU7u18hoiBHXP7mkRwZts.png
[color=#777]The biggest chocolate exporters.[/color]

Finally, it comes as no surprise that the biggest importers of cocoa beans are among the biggest chocolate exporters.

chocolate cocoa supply chain retail food agriculture confectionary farmers africa
The biggest chocolate exporters. Image: Visual Capitalist
Not only is the Netherlands the biggest importer of beans, but it’s also the biggest processor—grinding 600,000 tons annually—and the fourth largest exporter of chocolate products.

Belgium is another key nation in the supply chain, importing cocoa beans from producing countries and exporting them across Europe. It’s also home to the world’s largest chocolate factory, supporting its annual chocolate exports worth $3.1 billion.

Breaking down the cocoa supply chain: Who gets what

Without farmers, both the cocoa and chocolate industries are likely to suffer from shortages, with domino effects on higher overall costs. Yet, they have little ability to influence prices at present.

https://assets.weforum.org/editor/I81vU2kq0AtxWmEQ9oL0diLofyL9iEIBghwUrbG-FW4.jpg

chocolate cocoa supply chain retail food agriculture confectionary farmers africa
Stakeholder share. Image: Visual Capitalist
Farmers are among the lowest earners from a tonne of sold cocoa—accounting for just 6.6% of the value of the final sale.

Low incomes also translate into numerous other issues associated with cocoa farming.

The bitter side of cocoa farming

The World Bank has established the threshold for extreme poverty at $1.90/day. Cocoa farmers in Ghana make $1/day, while those in Côte d’Ivoire make around $0.78/day—both significantly below the extreme poverty line.

Farmers are often unable to bear the costs of cocoa farming as a result of low incomes. In turn, they employ children, who miss out on education, are exposed to hazardous working conditions, and get paid little or no wages.

https://assets.weforum.org/editor/R-4Xjzpy8oWdArW5dui8Nc2MAyp44I7J24nsX1a7dSw.png[color=#777]The extent of cheap and child labour in Ghana and Code D'Voire[/color]

To make matters worse, cocoa farming is primarily responsible for deforestation and illegal farming in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana—adding environmental issues to the mix.

These interconnected problems call for action, so what is being done to fight them?

Combating cocoa’s concerns

Mars, Nestlé, and Hershey—some of the world’s biggest chocolate manufacturers—have made several pledges to eradicate child labor in cocoa farming over the last two decades, but haven’t reached their targets.

In addition, organizations such as UTZ Certified, Rainforest Alliance, and Fairtrade are working to increase traceability in the supply chain by selling ‘certified cocoa’, sourced from farms that prohibit child labor.

More recently, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana announced a fixed premium of US$400/tonne on cocoa futures, aiming to improve farmer livelihoods by creating a union for cocoa, also known colloquially as the “COPEC” for the industry.

While these initiatives have had some positive impacts, more still needs to be done to successfully eradicate large-scale child labor and poverty of those involved in cocoa’s bittersweet supply chain.

The most stupid lie i have heard this year.

Banditry can end in 24 hours if the northern elites want it to. I am sure this unprecedented cry from this wuruwuru emir is not unconnected to the recent military campaign against certain bandits. They are milking the nation via defence budget which they already dominate and want to extend it into amnesty as well as Developement Commissions....all funded by the other side off course.

Okay.

Doing right towards God without missing it with men neither.

GreenCovering:
Ha!!! I hope this is not preparing the grounds to deny Dangote of crude oil supply else what's the relevance of this? This alone takes about 25% of our total crude output.

On top of this we still have to sell some parts to earn forex and some other parts that are taken by the IOCs

Meanwhile Dangote needs 650,000 BPD (45%) of our total crude output) to meet it's targeted markets demands

Well at this point, personally, I can only pray that the naira crude sale becomes a reality

about 20% actually..

Using $35 as my own benchmark of what govt gets as pure profit from a barrel, that 8m barrel trannslates to about $3.36B a year. The irony of it all is that before a year runs out, we have probably borrowed more than that amount and so in a bigger debt.

And so .. ?

Lets just give God all the glory.

lereinter:
Haters how

Do you know how many decades ago he made such statement

Imagine what confusion it has done


As a pastor how you supposed to make such statement, cos a pastor was supposed to have a firm grasp of bible study

It isnt possible to understand all the issues of life biblically before stepping out to preach. There has to be some grey area for most preacher at some point.

Dead line indeed. NNPCL crossed the line and nothing happened, because the line is dead(no judiciary to enforce it).

Haters, food is ready o.

He is your colleague. He has been hired to corrupt Narrative about public perception to governance and keep Nigerians distracted from sensitive issues just like you. So you dont know your fwllow BMCs?

21

He should allow the youth of nowadays too look youthful with good governance.

Imagine that. Kidnapped and convertwd into a Palestinian.

Where are the images of the craters?

Akinomoakin121:
yes, Mexico and Colombia are the ones I know of, we are still paying for my friend to be released from kidnappers in Mexico now, you chill.

lol
You lied.

True?

LegendHero:
Which people? You mean Mali diaspora?

Yahoo boys, Pushers, Hustlers, and Car scavengers.

Street credibility.

When God wants to judge the nations and asks for Nigerian constitutionnon that day to judge public office holders, i can imagine the drama that will unfold that day. Even the heavenly beings will be aghast.

“I want to address a viral video of some girls shouting from a prison in Mali, asking to be returned home. Some time ago, the chief of defence staff helped us bring back some girls,” the NiDCOM chief explained. “We have identified some of these girls are some of those brought back that time. That they found themselves back in Mali is shocking.”

Lol.

If we remove such people and their remittances from forex inflow, Naira will go for N3000 to a dollar.
Imagine do pushers, car scrappage.

Is there any country where thieves can write residents of an area about robbery they intend to carry out and still succeed with it?
Abike should chill o.

Kemetian:
Ok, tell us the “APC propaganda” that influenced AI.

Did other countries leaders’ “propaganda” also influence AI projections related to them, since ALL COUNTRIES ON EARTH are expected to make significant progress in the decades ahead?

If you read the AI predictions for Somalia, they are very positive. Did AI also fall for Somali warlords’ propaganda?

Ignorant nonsense.

I talked about wring data generally. Seems you're an APC corn legend.