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(FILES) In this file photo taken on June 18, 2019 Rwandan Movement for Democratic Change (MRCD) MRCD-UBUMWE chairman Paul Rusesabagina speaks during a press conference of the political platform MRCD-UBUMWE and the political party RDI-EWANDA RWIZA, concerning the political and security situation in Rwanda, in Brussels. – The shadowy arrest of Paul Rusesabagina on terrorism charges has thrust the polarising “Hotel Rwanda” hero back into the spotlight and underscored what analysts say are the lengths Kigali will go to silence its critics.<br />Rusesabagina, who became the most famous Rwandan in the world after the Hollywood blockbuster, but became increasingly hardline as he called for his government’s overthrow, surfaced in Kigali this week shackled and accused of financing rebels. (Photo by NICOLAS MAETERLINCK / various sources / AFP) / Belgium OUT

Paul Rusesabagina, whose actions during the genocide inspired the Oscar-nominated film “Hotel Rwanda”, was charged Monday with terrorism and other serious crimes in his first court appearance in Kigali.

Rwandan investigators announced last month the surprise arrest of Rusesabagina, a high-profile government critic who had been living abroad for years, to stand trial in his homeland for allegedly creating and sponsoring armed militias.

There was a heavy police presence as Rusesabagina, who is credited with saving more than 1,200 Rwandans during the genocide by sheltering them in a hotel, arrived at a courthouse in the capital flanked by his lawyers.

The presiding judge read out 12 charges against Rusesabagina including terrorism, financing and founding militant groups, murder and arson.

The defendant, wearing a face mask, a chequered blazer and khaki trousers, did not address the court but spoke only to his lawyers, who rejected the charges against their client.

“The charges against my client are not consistent. He should not be accused of crimes committed by other parties even if he had entered partnership with them,” his lawyer, David Rugaza, told Kagarama Primary Court.

“It is on this ground that he should immediately be released provisionally.”

Rusesabagina is the leader of an opposition group, the Rwandan Movement for Democratic Change (MRCD), which is said to have an armed wing called the National Liberation Front (FLN).

His family say the charges against him are politically motivated, and allege he was kidnapped while in Dubai for meetings and brought to Rwanda against his will.

The Rwanda Investigation Bureau has said international cooperation was involved in detaining Rusesabagina — who has lived abroad since 1996 and holds both Belgian citizenship and a US Green Card — but refuses to disclose further details.

Human Rights Watch said last week that Rusesabagina, who was portrayed by American actor Don Cheadle in the 2004 film, was a victim of enforced disappearance.

President Paul Kagame has denied he was kidnapped and suggested he was deceived into returning to the country.

After the genocide, Rusesabagina — a Hutu — became increasingly critical of Kagame’s Tutsi-dominated government, accusing his ruling party of authoritarianism and anti-Hutu sentiment.

In the years since the release of “Hotel Rwanda”, some survivors of the slaughter that left 800,000 people dead have questioned Rusesabagina’s heroics and accused him of profiting off their misery.

The management of an old generation bank is currently at loggerheads with a businessman, Milton Ogoin Timi, over the loss of N1, 911, 928, 957.18 billion, which it (bank) claimed was fraudulently transferred by hackers from its customers’ account between the months of March and June 2020.
The bank made the revelation in its counter affidavit filed in defence of a fundamental rights enforcement suit against it by Timi, who is currently being detained by the police, at the instance of the bank.


The bank stated that the hackers fraudulently transferred the said amount from one of its numerous customers’ account to several accounts in other banks.



Timi had in his fundamental rights enforcement suit, told the court that he was arrested since August 5, 2020, at the Ogba, Lagos branch of a commercial bank, where his account is domiciled and where he had gone to lodge a complaint of his inability to access his account.

Timi said upon his arrest, he was later moved to the Ogunnusi Road, Ogba, Lagos branch of the bank, and to some various police formations, which include Area A Command, before finally detained at Ogba Police Division on the order of the bank.

Timi in his suit marked FHC/L/CS/1054/2020, against the bank and the Inspector-General of Police (IGP) before a Federal High Court in Lagos, prayed the court to order his immediate and unconditional release from police custody.

He also demanded the sum of N5 million as damages for his unlawful arrest, detention, harassment, and torture since August 5, 2020.

He further prayed for an order restraining the bank, its agents, and privies from further harassing, arresting and detaining him and an order restraining the bank and the police from taking any action against him until the determination of his suit.

However, the bank in its counter-affidavit filed and argued by one Muktar Kolawole Sulaiman, said the businessman is not its customer and that it was not responsible for his arrest and detention by the police.

Parts of the deponent’s averments read as follows: “that I know as fact that a huge sum of money to the tune of N1, 911,928,957.18 was fraudulently transferred from the bank customer’s account number 1015872219 to some individuals accounts between March and June 2020.

“That I know as a fact that further investigation by the police revealed that that applicant herein is a beneficiary of the proceeds of the fraudulent transfer to the tune of N5 million. And that the police through the office of the Inspector-General of Police subsequently applied for and obtained a “Bankers Order”, placing restrictions on the identified account including that of the applicant.

“That the police then wrote the affected banks in where the already dissipated monies were discovered, notifying them of the court order, while also asking them for compliance with the contents thereof”.

However, Justice Nicolas Oweibo, after listening to arguments from the counsel to the incarcerated businessman, Onwuka Ogbu, that of the bank, Muktair Sule and Mr. Innocent Anyigor who represented the IGP, ordered immediate and unconditional release of the businessman from police custody.

The order was based on the failure of the police to show course why the businessman was detained in its custody beyond the stipulated time in law.

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It's an extraordinary possibility - the idea that living organisms are floating in the clouds of Planet Venus.

But this is what astronomers are now considering after detecting a gas in the atmosphere they can't explain.

That gas is phosphine - a molecule made up of one phosphorus atom and three hydrogen atoms.

On Earth, phosphine is associated with life, with microbes living in the guts of animals like penguins, or in oxygen-poor environments such as swamps.

For sure, you can make it industrially, but there are no factories on Venus; and there are certainly no penguins.

So why is this gas there, 50km up from the planet's surface? Prof Jane Greaves, from Cardiff University, UK and colleagues are asking just this question.

They've published a paper in the journal Nature Astronomy detailing their observations of phosphine at Venus, as well as the investigations they've made to try to show this molecule could have a natural, non-biological origin.

But for the moment, they're stumped - as they tell the BBC's Sky At Night programme, which has talked at length to the team. You can see the show on BBC Four tonight (Monday) at 22:30 BST.

Given everything we know about Venus and the conditions that exist there, no-one has yet been able to describe an abiotic pathway to phosphine, not in the quantities that have been detected. This means a life source deserves consideration.

"Through my whole career I have been interested in the search for life elsewhere in the Universe, so I'm just blown away that this is even possible," Prof Greaves said. "But, yes, we are genuinely encouraging other people to tell us what we might have missed. Our paper and data are open access; this is how science works."

Will private firms win the race to Venus?
What exactly has the team detected?
Prof Greaves' team first identified phosphine at Venus using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii, and then confirmed its presence using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in Chile.

Phosphine has a distinctive "absorption line" that these radio telescopes discern at a wavelength of about 1mm. The gas is observed at mid-latitudes on the planet at roughly 50-60km in altitude. The concentration is small - making up only 10-20 parts in every billion atmospheric molecules - but in this context, that's a lot.

Why is this so interesting?
Venus is not at the top of the list when thinking of life elsewhere in our Solar System. Compared to Earth, it's a hellhole. With 96% of the atmosphere made up of carbon dioxide, it has experienced a runaway greenhouse effect. Surface temperatures are like those in a pizza oven - over 400 degrees.

Space probes that have landed on the planet have survived just minutes before breaking down. And yet, go 50km up and it's actually "shirtsleeves conditions". So, if there really is life on Venus, this is exactly where we might expect to find it.

Why should we be sceptical?
The clouds. They're thick and they're mainly composed (75-95%) of sulphuric acid, which is catastrophic for the cellular structures that make up living organisms on Earth.

Dr William Bains, who's affiliated to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US, is a biochemist on the team. He's studied various combinations of different compounds expected to be on Venus; he's examined whether volcanoes, lightning and even meteorites could play a role in making PH3 - and all of the chemical reactions he's investigated, he says, are 10,000 times too weak to produce the amount of phosphine that's been observed.

To survive the sulphuric acid, Dr Bains believes, airborne Venusian microbes would either have to use some unknown, radically different biochemistry, or evolve a kind of armour.

"In principle, a more water-loving life could hide itself away inside a protective shell of some sorts inside the sulphuric acid droplets," he told Sky At Night. "We're talking bacteria surrounding themselves by something tougher than Teflon and completely sealing themselves in. But then how do they eat? How do they exchange gases? It's a real paradox."

What's been the reaction?
Cautious and intrigued. The team emphatically is not claiming to have found life on Venus, only that the idea needs to be further explored as scientists also hunt down any overlooked geological or abiotic chemical pathways to phosphine.

Oxford University's Dr Colin Wilson worked on the European Space Agency's Venus Express probe (2006-2014), and is a leading figure in the development of a new mission concept called EnVision. He said Prof Greaves' observations would spur a new wave of research at the planet.

"It's really exciting and will lead to new discoveries - even if the original phosphine detection were to turn out to be a spectroscopic misinterpretation, which I don't think it will. I think that life in Venus' clouds today is so unlikely that we'll find other chemical pathways of creating phosphine in the atmosphere - but we'll discover lots of interesting things about Venus in this search," he told BBC News.

Dr Lewis Dartnell from the University of Westminster is similarly cautious. He's an astrobiologist - someone who studies the possibilities of life beyond Earth. He thinks Mars or the moons of Jupiter and Saturn are a better bet to find life.

"If life can survive in the upper cloud-decks of Venus - that's very illuminating, because it means maybe life is very common in our galaxy as a whole. Maybe life doesn't need very Earth-like planets and could survive on other, hellishly-hot, Venus-like planets across the Milky Way."

How can the question be resolved?
By sending a probe to investigate specifically the atmosphere of Venus.

The US space agency (Nasa) asked scientists recently to sketch the design for a potential flagship mission in the 2030s. Flagships are the most capable - and most expensive - ventures undertaken by Nasa. This particular concept proposed an aerobot, or instrumented balloon, to travel through the clouds of Venus.

"The Russians did this with their Vega balloon (in 1985)," said team-member Prof Sara Seager from MIT. "It was coated with Teflon to protect it from sulphuric acid and floated around for a couple of days, making measurements.

"We could definitely go make some in-situ measurements. We could concentrate the droplets and measure their properties. We could even bring a microscope along and try to look for life itself."

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The US budget deficit has hit a record high of more than $3tn (£2.3tn), driven by the government's massive spending on coronavirus relief.

The federal government spent more than $6tn in the first 11 months of its financial year, including $2tn on coronavirus programmes, the Treasury Department said.

The figure outpaces the $3tn it took in from taxes.

The shortfall is more than double the previous full-year record, set in 2009.

At the time, Washington was grappling with the aftermath of the 2008 housing financial crisis.

Even before the pandemic, the US was on track to run a deficit of more than $1tn this year - large by historic standards.

But the spending approved to try to cushion the financial impact of the virus has exploded those projections.

The Congressional Budget Office this month predicted that the US was likely to run a full-year deficit of $3.3tn, more than triple the shortfall recorded last year. The federal government's financial year ends in September.

The agency said it expected total US debt to exceed $26tn.

'Unsustainable'
At a hearing in Washington in June, Jerome Powell, the head of the US central bank, told members of Congress that America's spending path was "unsustainable", but said reducing the shortfall should not be a priority given the state of the economy... The economy shrank at an annual rate of more than 30% in the April-June period, its worst quarterly contraction on record. Data suggest job layoffs and business closures are continuing.

Roughly 30 million people - about 20% of the American workforce - remain on some form of unemployment benefits, despite reopening underway, the Labour Department said this week.

Many conservatives in Washington, however, remain leery of further spending.

Republicans this week put forward a $300bn proposal for more aid. The plan failed to advance, with Democrats saying it fell far short of the more than $3tn in relief they support.

Israel and the Gulf state of Bahrain have reached a landmark deal to fully normalise their relations, US President Donald Trump has announced.
"The second Arab country to make peace with Israel in 30 days," he tweeted.
For decades, most Arab states have boycotted Israel, insisting they would only establish ties after the Palestinian dispute was settled.
But last month the United Arab Emirates (UAE) agreed to normalise its relationship with Israel.
There had been much speculation that Bahrain might follow suit.
Mr Trump, who presented his Middle East peace plan in January aimed at resolving the Israel-Palestinian conflict, helped broker both accords.Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he was "excited" that "another peace agreement" had been reached with another Arab country on Friday.
"This is a new era of peace. Peace for peace. Economy for economy. We have invested in peace for many years and now peace will invest in us," he said.
Bahrain is only the fourth Arab country in the Middle East - after the UAE, Egypt and Jordan - to recognise Israel since its founding in 1948.
"Another historic breakthrough today!" Mr Trump wrote on Twitter, adding: "Our two GREAT friends Israel and the Kingdom of Bahrain agree to a Peace Deal."
The president also posted on Twitter a copy of a joint statement between the three leaders - Mr Trump, Mr Netanyahu and Bahrain's Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad al-Khalifa.
"This is a historic breakthrough to further peace in the Middle East" that will "increase stability, security, and prosperity in the region", the statement reads.
Prior to the announcement of the UAE agreement in August - which included the suspension of Israel's controversial plans to annex parts of the occupied West Bank - Israel had had no diplomatic relations with Gulf Arab countries.
More recently, shared worries over Iran have led to unofficial contacts between them.
Last month saw the first official flight from Israel to the UAE, which was seen as a major step in normalising relations.
President Trump's son-in-law and senior adviser Jared Kushner, who was on the plane, described the UAE deal as having "the ability Bahrain last week said it would allow flights between Israel and the UAE to use its airspace.
Mr Trump is due to host a ceremony in Washington next Tuesday for the official signing of the Israel-UAE agreement.
In 1999, Mauritania, a member of the Arab League in north-west Africa, established diplomatic relations with Israel - but severed ties in 2010. change the whole course of the Middle East". Bahrain last week said it would allow flights between Israel and the UAE to use its airspace.
Mr Trump is due to host a ceremony in Washington next Tuesday for the official signing of the Israel-UAE agreement.
In 1999, Mauritania, a member of the Arab League in north-west Africa, established diplomatic relations with Israel - but severed ties in 2010.

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