Ten Incubator Tips

[1] Feed your laying hens a good balanced
diet and select only eggs from the best hens.

[2] Pick eggs with good shape and average
size. Those that are either too large or too
small don't seem to hatch as well.

[3] Never keep the eggs for more than ten
days before incubating ... the less waiting,
the better. And store them — until you're
ready to start the hatching process — at 45
to 60 degrees Fahrenheit, with plenty of
humidity.

[4] Keep the shells clean (but don't wash
them). Write on them (to mark dates, etc.)
only with soft pencil, and scrub your hands
before picking them up.


[5] Preheat the incubator, and let the eggs
slowly warm to room temperature before
putting them into the hatchery.

[6] Make sure there's enough water in the
humidity pan, adding only lukewarm liquid.
Cold water could chill the incubator.


[7] Put chicken eggs in trimmed egg
containers . . . quail eggs fit nicely in the
chicken-wire screen. (The big end always
goes up.)


[8] Move quail eggs to the lower rack on day
No. 14 . . . chickens should be shifted down
on the day No. 19. Don't open the incubator
after that point until the hatch is complete.


[9] Leave the brand-new chicks in the
incubator for 24 hours . . . or until they dry.
(Be sure the screened cover is in place, or
they could jump out and drown in the water
pan.)


[10] Clean the incubator thoroughly after
each hatching with a dilute solution of
chlorine bleach. And remember to rinse it
well, too!


ASHKOL FARMS SERVICES

We build large capacity chicken/turkey egg incubators at prices you can get nowhere else. Forced-Air and Dry incubators are available but forced-air is most preferable because of our inconsistent weather conditions.

Our bators have various egg capacities ranging from 2,500, 5000 and 10,000 egg capacity and even higher but on demand. They are highly durable and comes with one year warranty and after sales support/services.

Our turnaround period is 12-14 days max.

Some of the bator features are:
- Automated temperature control system
- Easily movable
- One-way stress free egg turning system
- Humidity control wings
- Air vents
- Power source (electricity)
- Ability to retain heat hours after power outage

Address: N0 37 Imoke Street, GRA, Enugu State
Ph: 08063960232 [KINGSLEY]
Mob: 08183040931

CARE AND INCUBATION OF HATCHING
EGGS
Dr. Tom W. Smith, Mississippi State University
Novice poultry producers usually become interested in artificial
incubation of their own chicks. The success of this type project depends on
proper care and incubation of the hatching eggs so healthy, vigorous
chicks are produced. The following topics discussed in this publication
will help improve the producer's success.
Selection of Hatching Eggs
Egg Care and Storage
Incubators
Incubating Conditions
Sanitation
Troubleshooting Failures
Incubation Troubleshooting Chart
Selection of Hatching Eggs
Most producers set as many eggs as their breeders produce. If incubator
space is the limiting factor, it is more profitable to select the better
quality eggs for incubating.
A few tips to follow when selecting hatching eggs are:
Select eggs from breeders that are (1) well developed, mature and
healthy; (2) compatible with their mates and produce a high percentage
of fertile eggs; (3) are not disturbed much during the mating season; (4)
fed a complete breeder diet; and (5) not directly related [brother,
sister, mother, father, etc.].
Avoid excessively large or small eggs. Large eggs hatch poorly and
small eggs produce small chicks.
Avoid eggs with cracked or thin shells. These eggs have difficulty
retaining moisture needed for proper chick development. Penetration of
disease organisms increase in cracked eggs.
Do not incubate eggs that are excessively misshapen.
DO NOT INCUBATE EGGS THAT HAVE DIFFERENT INCUBATION
PERIODS IN THE SAME INCUBATOR AT THE SAME TIME. This will result
in poor hatches of both types of eggs. When the incubator is opened to
remove chicks with the shorter incubation period, most of the humidity
is released from the incubator which is CRITICAL to the eggs that are
not yet due to hatch.
Keep only clean eggs for hatching. Do not wash dirty eggs or wipe eggs
clean with a damp cloth. This removes the egg's protective coating and
exposes it to entry of disease organisms. The washing and rubbing
action also serves to force disease organisms through the pores of the
shell.
Egg Care and Storage
Many times a producer carefully attends to the incubation process but
disregards the care of the eggs before they are placed in the incubator.
Even before incubation starts the embryo is developing and needs proper
care. Hatching eggs suffer from reduced hatchability if the eggs are not
cared for properly. Listed below are tips to help maintain hatching egg
quality.
1. Collect eggs at least three times daily. When daily high temperatures
exceed 85 degrees F. increase egg collection to five times daily. Collect
two or three times in the morning and one or two times in the
afternoon.
2. Slightly soiled eggs can be used for hatching purposes without causing
hatching problems, but dirty eggs should not be saved. Do not wash
dirty eggs.
3. Store eggs in a cool-humid storage area. Ideal storage conditions
include a 55 degree F. temperature and 75% relative humidity. Store
the eggs with the small end pointed downward.
4. Alter egg position periodically if not incubating within 4-6 days. Turn
the eggs to a new position once daily until placing in the incubator.
5. Hatchability holds reasonably well up to seven days, but declines
rapidly afterward. Therefore, do not store eggs more than 7 days before
incubating. After 3 weeks of storage, hatchability drops to almost zero.
Plan ahead and have a regular hatching schedule to avoid storage
problems and reduced hatches.
6. Allow cool eggs to warm slowly to room temperature before placing in
the incubator. Abrupt warming from 55 degrees to 100 degrees causes
moisture condensation on the egg shell that leads to disease and
reduced hatches.
Incubators
The size and type of incubator selected depends on the needs and future
plans of each producer. Many different models are available. For
continuous settings, separate incubator and hatcher units are
recommended. If all eggs in the unit are at the same stage of incubation, a
single unit can be used.
Locate the incubator and hatcher units indoors to protect them from
major weather changes. It is essential that the room has a good ventilation
system to supply plenty of fresh air. Keeping the units indoors makes it
easier to maintain uniform temperature and humidity.
There are basically two types of incubators available, forced-air and still-
air incubators. Forced-air incubators have fans that provide internal air
circulation. The capacity of these units may be very large. The still-air
incubators are usually small without fans for air circulation. Air exchange
is attained by the rise and escape of warm, stale air and the entry of
cooler fresh air near the base of the incubator. Recommended
temperatures vary between the two incubators, so follow the
manufacturer's recommendation that accompany the units.
Incubating Conditions
Poor results are most commonly produced with improper control of
temperature and/or humidity. Improper control means that the
temperature or humidity is too high or too low for a sufficient length of
time that it interferes with the normal growth and development of the
embryo. Poor results also occur from improper ventilation, egg turning and
sanitation of the machines or eggs.
Obtain the best hatch by keeping the temperature at 99.5 degrees F.
throughout the entire incubation period when using a forced-air incubator.
Minor fluctuations (less than ½ degree) above or below 100 degrees are
tolerated, but do not let the temperatures vary more than a total of 1
degree. Prolonged periods of high or low temperatures will alter hatching
success. High temperatures are especially serious. A forced-air incubator
that is too warm tends to produce early hatches. One that runs consistently
cooler tends to produce late hatches. In both cases the total chicks hatched
will be reduced.
Maintain a still-air incubator at 102 degrees F. to compensate for the
temperature layering within the incubator. Obtain the proper temperature
reading by elevating the bulb of the thermometer to the same height as the
top of the eggs when the eggs are laying horizontal. If the eggs are
positioned in a vertical position, elevate the thermometer bulb to a point
about ¼- to ½-inch below the top of the egg. The temperature is measured
at the level where the embryos develop (at the top of the egg). Do not
allow the thermometer's bulb to touch the eggs or incubator. Incorrect
readings will result.
Check the thermometer! Is it accurate? An error of one degree for 21 days
can seriously interfere with embryonic growth. Check the incubator
thermometer's accuracy by placing the bulb next to the bulb of a clinical
(the kind used to measure body temperature) or good laboratory
thermometer. Hold both under lukewarm tap water and compare the
readings. Compensate for any variation of the incubating thermometer by
increasing or decreasing by the amount of variation. A thermometer with a
split or gapped mercury column will not give an accurate reading, discard
it.
Humidity is carefully controlled to prevent unnecessary loss of egg
moisture. The relative humidity in the incubator between setting and three
days prior to hatching should remain at 58-60% or 84-86 degree F., wet-
bulb. When hatching, the humidity is increased to 65% relative humidity
or more.
An excellent method to determine correct humidity is to candle the eggs at
various stages of incubation. The normal size of the air cell after 7, 14,
and 18 days of incubation for a chicken egg is shown. Necessary humidity
adjustments can be made as a result of the candling inspection. The egg's
weight must decrease by 12% during incubation if good hatches are
expected.
Egg Aircells
Frequently there is confusion as to how the measurement of humidity is
expressed. Most persons in the incubator industry refer to the level of
humidity in terms of degrees F., (wet-bulb) rather than percent relative
humidity. The two terms are interconvertible and actual humidity depends
upon the temperature (F.) as measured with a dry-bulb thermometer.
Conversion of the two humidity measurements can be made using the
following table:
Wet-Bulb Values For Four (dry-bulb) Incubation
Temperatures
Relative
Humidity 99 o ¹ 100o 101o 102o
45 80.5 81.3 82.2 83.0
50 82.5 83.3 84.2 85.0
55 84.5 85.3 86.2 87.0
60 86.5 87.3 88.2 89.0
65 88.0 89.0 90.0 91.0
70 89.7 90.7 91.7 92.7
¹ Dry-bulb temperatures are shown horizontally for common incubation
values.
Rarely is the humidity too high in properly ventilated still-air incubators.
The water pan area should be equivalent to one-half the floor surface area
or more. Increased ventilation during the last few days of incubation and
hatching may necessitate the addition of another pan of water or a wet
sponge. Humidity is maintained by increasing the exposed water surface
area.
Ventilation is very important during the incubation process. While the
embryo is developing, oxygen enters the egg through the shell and carbon
dioxide escapes in the same manner. As the chicks hatch, they require an
increased supply of fresh oxygen. As embryos grow, the air vent openings
are gradually opened to satisfy increased embryonic oxygen demand. Care
must be taken to maintain humidity during the hatching period.
Unobstructed ventilation holes, both above and below the eggs, are
essential for proper air exchange.
What must be done if the power goes off during incubation? A proper
response depends on several factors, some of which include the
temperature of the room in which the incubator is located, the number of
eggs in the machine, and whether the eggs are in the early or late stage of
incubation.
The two most important considerations in this situation are to (1) keep
the eggs from overheating and (2) be sure they have an adequate oxygen
supply. The longer the eggs incubate and the greater the number of eggs in
the incubator, the greater the chance that you will experience overheating
and suffocation of the embryos.
If the room in which the incubator is located is hot and stuffy, you will
have to react more quickly to power outages than if the room is kept at 75
degrees and is well ventilated. The most effective guard against
overheating and suffocation is to open the door of the incubator or
hatcher. Whether the door is opened slightly or fully and the length of
time it is left open depends on the factors mentioned earlier.
Eggs must be turned at least 3-5 times daily during the incubation period.
Turn eggs an ODD number of times per day so they don't remain on the
same side overnight each night. Do not turn eggs during the last three
days before hatching. The embryos are moving into hatching position and
need no turning. Keep the incubator closed during hatching to maintain
proper temperature and humidity. The air vents should be almost fully
open during the latter stages of hatching to provide fresh air.
The eggs are initially set in the incubator with the large end up or
horizontally with the large end slightly elevated. This enables the embryo
to remain oriented in a proper position for hatching. Never set eggs with
the small end upward.
In a still-air incubator, where the eggs are turned by hand, it may be
helpful to place an "X" on one side of each egg and an "O" on the other
side, using a pencil. This serves as an aide to determine whether all eggs
are turned. When turning, be sure your hands are free of all greasy or
dusty substances. Eggs soiled with oils suffer from reduced hatchability.
Take extra precautions when turning eggs during the first week of
incubation. The developing embryos have delicate blood vessels that
rupture easily when severely jarred or shaken, thus killing the embryo.
The following table lists incubation requirements for various species of fowl.
Species
Incub.
Period
(days)
Temp
(F.)¹
Humidity
(F.)²
Do
not
turn
after
Humidity
Last
3 days ²
Open
vent
more
Chicken 21 99.5 85-87 18th
day 90 18th
day
Turkey 28 99 84-86 25th
day 90 25th
day
Duck 28 99.5 85-86 25th
day 90 25th
day
Muscovy
Duck 35-37 99.5 85-86 31st
day 90 30th
day
Goose 28-34 99 86-88 25th
day 90 25th
day
Guinea
Fowl 28 99.5 85-87 25th
day 90 24th
day
Pheasant 23-28 99.5 86-88 21st
day 92 20th
day
Peafowl 28-30 99 84-86 25th
day 90 25th
day
Bobwhite
Quail 23-24 99.5 84-87 20th
day 90 20th
day
Coturnix
Quail 17 99.5 85-86 15th
day 90 14th
day
Chukar 23-24 99.5 81-83 20th
day 90 20th
day
Grouse 25 99.5 83-87 22nd
day 90 21th
day
Pigeon 17 99.5 85-87 15th
day 90 14th
day
¹ Measured at degrees F. in a forced-air incubator. For still-air incubators,
add 2-3 degrees F.
² Measured as degrees F. using a wet-bulb thermometer. Use chart to
convert to relative humidity.
Sanitation
In large commercial incubators, eggs of different ages are often set and
each setting transferred to a separate unit prior to hatching. Separate
hatching units permit proper sanitation and disease control measures to
be practiced between batches of chicks. The chicks can be hatched without
disturbing the other incubating eggs.
Thoroughly clean and disinfect the incubator and hatcher before each
usage. Remove all egg shells, down, dust, and extra material with a broom
or vacuum. Wash the unit with a warm detergent solution and rinse with a
disinfectant solution. When dry, turn the units on and bring to proper
temperature and humidity conditions prior to filling with eggs.
A thorough cleaning job results in a 95-99% improvement in disease
control. When done properly, little or no disinfectant is needed. If a
disinfectant is used, quaternary ammonia is the most commonly used
disinfectant for equipment like incubators and hatching trays. "Quats" are
relatively non-irritating, non-corrosive, of low toxicity, and is reasonably
effective in the presence of organic matter. Since the incubator and its
components should be clean and free of organic matter before disinfectant
application, quats are a good choice.
Fumigation is another tool for disease control and is something good to
turn to when either the cleaning is poor, eggs are dirty, or machines are
filled with eggs and it is difficult to empty and clean properly. The
fumigation process can be hazardous to the producer if not conducted
carefully. Contact the Poultry Extension Department at Mississippi State
University or your local County Agent's office for additional information
on properly fumigating incubators and hatching eggs.
Trouble Shooting Failures
The novice poultry producer will usually encounter problems when
incubating the first batches of eggs. Fortunately, causes for most failures
can be diagnosed and corrected. A separate diagnosis chart has been
prepared to assist in solving incubation failures. Click HERE to refer to
this chart, or use the Poultry Help Line to ask a Poultry Related Question.
Additional information on poultry production can be obtained by
contacting the Poultry Extension Department, Box 9665, Mississippi State,
MS 39762 - (662) 325-2853.
Good Luck with your egg hatching project.

@kyulie. That Kyulie of a girl/lady must be a big fat useless nyash.

If she can get this upset without any serious provocation, I wonder how she treats her own man?

@Op. I don't think this is a right avenue for getting a woman of your to spend a lifetime with. Its likely that you'll fall into the wrong hands. Too many women are desperately seeking husbands and can pretend and wait for as long as ever until the day of "I do" to unleash their filthy sides.

Make friends with a lot of females of marriageable ages and don't stay for too long in any relation and never let them know your intentions of marriage or else you are doomed for life!

If your are really serious about getting married then that should be clearly defined without sentiments or compromise in the sense that you should not be carried away by such things like facial beauty, solid curves, firm bossom, glowing smiles, brightness of the eyes or skin color. Rather, focus on ones with good sense of humor, humane, understanding, non-hyperactive, good sense of communication, honest, and one that forgives easily. If you are focused enough it wont take you long to identify one with some or a few of these qualities.

Never show you are well to do at first. Any man who knows his grounds would know that girls are not wooed or gotten with flaunting of riches.

Make good friends with them by often communicating with them.
You must have a good sense of communication and don't be shy.

Never be quick to rush to bed with any of them. Just let them be your friend and do not hide your character.

It just uncountable. We can talk more @ kellodiamma@gmail.com

It seems like everyone here is a talkative. They are more tal-kers than do-ers. No one is serious here. People are just claiming what they are not here. They can't give you the info you might be expeting because they don't have it!!!

[quote author=james_ibor]

Emeka Offor is a small boy where Arthur Eze is. Arthur Eze belongs to another realm. He is a godfather and a kingmaker himself. Eze n'Ukpo Dunukofia.

When the likes of Emeka Offor were running around naked, Arthur 1000 was already dealing with Empires. When Emeka Offor was driving truck for Julius Berger, Eze n'Ukpo was dealing with governments. When Emeka Offor was carrying Ibrahim Abacha's suitcase, Arthur Eze was already lifting oil.

He is not nicknamed Arthur 1000


Very accurate! I owe you for this unbiased analysis

Would they actually do this or is this another scheme to reap us off through shortcode sms?

I hope this really works cuz this Naija where anything goes!

Desist from taking re-processed foods like fastfoods and sugery drinks, eat plenty of vegetables, water and exercise regularly.

CFCfan: 'Like' this post if you think Senator Chris Ngige (APC) will win.

PLZ DOES ANYONE KNOW WHERE I CAN MAKE A SHARP-SHARP DRIVING LICENSE OR NATIONAL ID IN ENUGU STATE? I JUST LOST MY NATIONAL ID AND HAVE NO SINGLE MEANS OF ID AT THE MOMENT AND THERE'S AN URGENT NEED FOR ONE.

PLS TELL ME HERE OR SEND INFO TO ayadeola@gmail.com

Eneze1: what goes around comes around, he will soon find someone that can cook better than her and so also blow his mind with intimate pleasure

PLZ DOES ANYONE KNOW WHERE I CAN MAKE A SHARP SHARP DRIVING LICENSE? MY NATIONAL JUST GOT LOST AND I NEED AN ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF ID NOW. PLS INTIMATE ME HERE OR ayadeola@gmail.com

willy_ray: is this real??

[img]http:///ogPF/.jpg[/img][img]http:///ogPN/.jpg[/img]

PLEASE DOES ANYONE KNOW WHERE I CAN MAKE A SHARP SHARP DRIVING LICENSE IN ENUGU? MY NATIONAL ID CARD JUST GOT LOST AND I NEED THIS AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF ID. PLS YOU CAN TELL ME ON ayadeola@gmail.com

uboma: ^^^ I shared the above information because someone, somewhere may find it useful.

Pls how can I make my Post/Topic to come first on NL? Does anyone know?

Following the recent discovery made by a young Nigerian, he assures plane crash fatalities can be totally prevented with a new mechanism he thinks aircraft manufacturers have left out.

The principal, Kingsley said his innovation is one that can revolutionize the aviation industry globally. He said the recent rampant incidents of aircraft mishaps and the world over propmted him to emabrk on researches and experiments, adding that his knowledge of physics and aerodynamics was of immense help.

He calls on aircraft makers and other aviaiton experts to rally round so that his idea would be made into reality.

Read more at www.daybreaknaija.com.ng/innovations.htm

Xenyth: we are into processing of cassava to high quality garri, we have an ultra modern factory that produces 2tons per day (20 bags of 100kg) and we are looking for big buyer. if u need garri in large quantities just contact us @ Xenyth Agro-Processing, Ibadan. 07051904313.
zen4prof@yahoo.com

Bros everyone in Naija knows where garri is sold so forget about garri for now.

[quote author=au.hanson]

Just like i would always tell you that the esprit (Thats what i have in w202) is more sportier and preferable to me than any other spec, because of her shorter stiffler strut and precise steering , the sport in the w204 is more preferably to me as well because of her stiffler stronger suspension and driving dynamics. That star(Mercedez Ben logo) at the front grill is a plus for the sport model. see first diagram above.
The elegance is nice too but i'm not in for it. I always

Does anyone where and how much I can get a very sound (1st grade direct tokunbo) Mercedes flat booth aka old soldier?

Mrcdorv: For step by step on how to get the prod and potential foreign buyes visit wwww.inexbis..com you can also drop your question

@Mrcdov Your blog is not working. I clicked on it but it said "Not Found"

Mrcdorv: For step by step on how to get the prod and potential foreign buyes visit wwww.inexbis..com you can also drop your question

@Mrcdov Your blog is not working.

lomzy1: I have a tokunbo Benz C220 "97" for sale @ 1.2 Million,
It is very clean.
Direct from Germany.
call 08023881557 or 07061933922

benz C220 1997 for sale

alloy wheels

Power windows

power door locks

Air Bags

ABS

5 speed Auto Transmission

open roof

auto

Factory fitted AC

*Direct from Germany*.

Price - 1.2 million

Does anyone know how much direct Tokunbo Old soldier Flat Booth Mercedes 230E sells in both Cotonou and Nigeria? My number is 08063960232. Pls be candid.

P@lesa:
I love my body especially my butt its nicely shaped

Hmmm... I think I like it too

[quote author=kaeyame]You should have the following before you get to firs
*a coloured letter headed paper of your company (this is what you will use to apply for. TIN)
* the cac certificate, original (for sighting) and photocopy
*cac form A1 (that carries the photo(s) of the proprietor (s)) photocopy and original
*cac form 6 (that indicates the BN no) photocopy and original
*a company rubber stamp (you will need that to stamp the firs forms)
*on the firs form (VAT), you will be asked for company ban

Brillant one!

dammiedex: I agree with u sir but that is the price of the one i priced.but if u are ready we can look for 1st grade
the price i gave u is for buying and clearing to nigeria if u like, then u do the nigeria duty.

@Damiedex Pls how much is 307 Peugeot, Manual transmission, Low mileage, Factory fitted AC, (Full option) and Also 206 Peugeot respectively. Thanks. +2348063960232 kellodiamma@gmail.com

Shokudo:


Do it yourself!!! Is like you don't need money

No he doesn't. Scammers everywhere!

MarketVis: @Ymomoh

What is the minimum start up capital to buy gold directly from miners in Ghana? And how long have you been in the gold business?

Presently, 1gram of 23 karat pure gold is $49 and 1kilo gram of the same quality is $49,000.
Sample is now available. We do our assaying (quality inspection) in banks for security reasons.
kellodiamma@gmail.com/+2348063960232.

ymomoh: you can join me in my gold business in Ghana,buy direct from the miners and sell to the dealers or here in nigeria. say you buy like 200k worth of pure carat,you can resell at worst 270k.imagine you repeat the transaction ten(10)times in a month,thats cool 700k profit in a month.if you are interested just call on 08054810735

Will you be the one to supply them with the off-takers (buyers) that buy it off from them? Easier said than done.

colum: you can invest in gold starting with just $5.
just give me a call on 08035474241

A big fat lie!

sunnyolads1: We are sellers of bitter kola,kola nuts and melon(egusi).We need local and foreign buyers.Any interested buyers should contact us on 08036614668,email-oladsbizventures@yahoo.co.uk.
Also,we are ready to partner with any agent that has the buyers at hand already.

I just got multiple orders to supply the following through a directory where I registered:

Ground Egusi, Ground ogbono, Garlic, Ginger, Yam flour, Cassava flour, Bitter kola, Kola nut etc.

Give me a catalogue/price list of how you sell let me buy from you.

kellodiamma@gmail.com