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Since the inception of the Premier League in 1992 only eight players have achieved the feat of scoring 30 goals in a single Premier League season (38 game EPL Season since its inception in 1995/96.) The accomplishment of joining the “30 in a season club” remains the pinnacle of success for a striker.

This article lists the Players with the most Goals in A Premier League Season

We run through the eight players who have managed to join this elite club of Players with the most Goals in A Premier League Season

Kevin Phillips 1999/2000 – 30 goals



1. Kevin Phillips smashed an incredible 30 goals for an unfancied Sunderland fringe as the Black Cats planed seventh in the 1999/2000 season. The lethal finisher – amusement piece of information of the day time – is in reality the go on Englishman to be triumphant the European blonde thigh boot award.

Kevin Phillips placed his name into the history book by being the only Englishman to win the European Golden boot since its inception in 1968.

2. Thierry Henry 2003/2004 – 30 Goals (Arsenal FC)



Considered one of the best strikers to ever grace the Premier League, Henry produced a seasonal masterclass making Arsenal invincible under Arsene Wenger.

The 2003/04 season remains the peak of Arsenal FC with the North London club remaining undefeated all season within the Premier League, culminating in Arsenal winning the title by 11 points. The 03/04 title remains as the last Premier League title Arsenal lifted.

The French forward was crowned the PFA Players’ Player of the year whilst also winning the European Golden boot.

Thierry Henry remains Arsenal’s all time top goalscorer and has also won the most Premier League Golden Boots (4.)

3. Robin Van Persie 2011/2012 – 30 Goals (Arsenal

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After plundering an impressive 29 goals in the Championship last season, Norwich striker Teemu Pukki has seemingly taken to the Premier League like a duck to water, leading the early scoring charts with five goals from the opening three games.

While it may seem rare, the 29-year-old is certainly not the first finisher to impressively make the step up to top flight football, with a number of strikers having shone since firing their sides to promotion from the second tier.

Here are six strikers who smashed it in the Premier League after promotion from the Championship…

5. Andy Cole



The third-highest goalscorer in Premier League history, the former England forward announced himself in English football’s cap partition with a creative operation for

Newcastle United in 1993/94.

Having fired the Magpies to promotion after combination halfway through the earlier season, Cole would bang into a

Premier League soundtrack 34 goals in his introduction time in the crown flight, award-winning the golden boot and also named as the PFA Player of the Year.

His fruitful model constant into the next season, securing him a British-record £7m go to Manchester United , anywhere he would run on to grade over 120 goals in approximately seven seasons at the club, award-winning five league titles and personality an at the heart of chunk of the club’s eminent treble-winning party of 1999.

He would afterward engage in prime minister League spells at Blackburn, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth and Sunderland, concluding his career with 187 cover running away goals, third individual to Alan Shearer and Wayne Rooney who netted 260 and 208 goals respectively.

4. Kevin Phillips



Phillips would spend the first seasons of his career in the lower divisions with Watford and Sunderland, before firing the latter to promotion to the Premier League in 1999.

Forming a devastating ‘little and large’ partnership with Niall Quinn on Wearside, the forward would plunder 30 Premier League goals in his first season at the top level as Sunderland surprisingly finished seventh.

His tally would see him win the Premier League’s Golden Boot, whilst he also became the first and so far only Englishman to win the Golden Shoe as Europe’s top scorer.

Phillips would go on to score regularly at Premier League level for several seasons, turning out for clubs such as

Aston Villa and Southampton.

3. Marcus Stewart

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In football, games are decided by the number of goals scored, so it is no wonder why strikers take away all the glory. The No.9s of the game might be scoring all the goals, but the player who provides the final ball should also be given enough credit.

Supplying assists is also an art in itself; not everyone can find spaces between the opposition defence over and over again. In the 28-year history of the English Premier League , there have been players that have amassed more than 100 assists in their career. However, interestingly the 20-assist barrier has only been breached once, we'll get to who that legendary player was later in our article.

Now, even the Premier League organizers recognize the importance of these playmakers and have made provisions for a new player award up for grabs since last season. The Premier League Playmaker award will be presented to the player to have provided the most assists in a Premier League season.

Without further ado, let's look at five players who recorded the most assists in a single Premier League season till date.

Here are the five players with the most assists in a single Premier League season:

5. Cesc Fabregas – 18 assists (2014/15)



The second-highest assist assist in Premier League history, Cesc Fabregas certainly knows how to play a killer pass.

Having spent three trophy-laden seasons with boyhood club Barcelona, earlier store star Fabregas returned to the primary League for a second lead to in 2014 at London rivals Chelsea.

Under the guidance of Jose Mourinho, the Spanish midfield star was the creative focal point of the Chelsea side, creating likelihood for the likes of Eden Hazard and Diego Costa as Mourinho safe a third head of government League title in his second bring about at Stamford Bridge.

Fabregas would amusement a crucial part as Chelsea polished eight points clear of near challengers Manchester metropolitan , laying on 18 assists for his refreshing teammates.

4. Frank Lampard - 18 (2004-05

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12. Fernando Torres



A return of 20 goals in 110 league appearances ultimately did not warrant the club-record fee Chelsea paid Liverpool for ‘El Niño’. He did, however, play a part in the club’s Champions League triumph.

11. Andriy Shevchenko

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There seems to be some kind of enchanted path leading to the Santiago Bernabeu that will inevitably entice the world's greatest footballers. Real Madrid have never been short of possessing the leading lights of the sport.

Such is the richness of Real Madrid's history that only one of the current team's players are able to take a place alongside the greats of the club, and fairly so. But it's certainly not Cristiano Ronaldo.

Ronaldo may have smashed a number of records—including that as the most expensive player in the game—but he's still charting out his course among the stars. There's nothing legendary about Ronaldo's presence in world football, but there's no doubt that will change as the player reaches the twilight of his career.

Instead, there's a wonderful selection to choose from, and I'm sure it will hit a nerve among one or two.

But there is certainly be no malice in the celebration of some of the best players ever to play the game.

1. Santiago Bernabeu



Santiago Bernabéu represented so much in the history of Real Madrid that sometimes it is difficult to distinguish the man from the club. He devoted all of his life to football and his beloved team and gave his all for the institution as a player, trainer, director and president. He was the man responsible for making Real Madrid a truly great club and giving it the international prestige and the fabulous facilities that the club has today.

Thanks to his ability as a player, at the age of 14 Bernabéu started playing for the Real Madrid youth team. Three years later, he made it to the first team where he soon became captain. He was noted for his fierce independence, his honesty and his readiness to make sacrifices for his beloved team. He finally hung up his boots 15 years later in 1927 and joined the board of directors where he remained until 1935.

At the age of 20, he finished his degree in Law and in 1943 he was elected president of Real Madrid. He organized the club into different sections in which a different person was responsible for each area of the club, established professional coaching teams and gave strong institutional support to fan clubs known as “peñas”. He also promoted new sports at Real Madrid (basketball, handball, tennis, etc.) and built the new Chamartín Stadium and the Sports City training facilities. He made sure that Real Madrid signed the best players of the time including Alfredo Di Stéfano. He both supported and helped to create the European Cup competition (now known as the Champions League).

In 1955, the board of directors changed the name of the club’s ground from the Chamartín Stadium to the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. His presidency was unique in the history of world football and he was the man who put Real Madrid right at the top He won 6 European Cups, the Intercontinental Cup, the World Club Championship, the Spanish League and the Spanish Cup among other honours. Five of the six European Cups were won consecutively and this meant that the club was allowed to keep the original trophy. Every year, Real Madrid host the Santiago Bernabéu Trophy game in his honour.

2. Raul Gonzalez
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Nigeria is home to several monarchs. Although these traditional rulers do not hold formal political powers, they are well respected in the society and are quite influential.

In this post, we take a look at the 10 richest kings in Nigeria and their net worth.

1. Oba Obateru Akinrutan



Obateru Akinrutan is one of the richest monarchs in the country. He was born in 1950 and he is the traditional ruler of Ugbo Kingdom, a town in Ilaje Local Government, Ondo State.

He is a billionaire businessman with investment in the oil and gas industry. Obateru is the founder of Obat Oil, one of Nigeria’s leading privately held oil companies. Obat Oil was established by Obateru in 1981 and the company currently has more than 50 gas stations across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. It also owns one of the largest tank farms in Africa which has the capacity to store 65 million liters of petroleum products.

In 2014, Forbes revealed that he was worth an estimated US$300 million. He is also ranked by Forbes magazine as the second richest King in Africa and the richest in Nigeria. He surpassed King Olubuse II, the Ooni of Ife, with $225 million and the Swaziland King Mswati III by over $200 million.

Obateru drives a custom built 2012 Rolls Royce which is similar to that of Queen Elizabeth II and he once revealed in an interview that he owns a wristwatch that is worth $1 million watch.

The king was the first black person to buy the 2014 model of Bentley automobile. Interestingly, the first time he ever saw a car was in Sapele. At that time, the young Obateru was just 11 years old.

2. Obi of Onitsha Net Worth $50 million



Another wealthy monarch in the country worthy of mention is the current Obi of Onitsha, Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe. He is worth $50 million financially and he is one of the first class traditional rulers in Nigeria.

Before he was crowned the Obi, he occupied various top positions such as being an executive director at Shell Petroleum Development Company, working as one of the top figures in the banking sector and also served as the chancellor of Ahmadu Bello University.

3. Sultan of Sokoto



The current Sultan of Sokoto is Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar IV and he is one of the richest kings in Nigeria. He is a actual critical monarch principally in the northern cut up of Nigeria. He is additionally the co-chairman of the Nigerian congress of long-established Rulers.

As the Sultan, Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar IV is painstaking the spiritual guide of Nigeria’s seventy-million Muslims. He is and president-general of the Nigerian state-run Supreme association for Islamic associations (NSCIA).

Prior to his coronation as Sultan, Abubakar headed a presidential confidence constituent of the Armoured body that guarded it follows that martial ruler common Ibrahim Babangida in the at the last 1980s. Abubakar additionally commanded a mass of African peacekeepers in Chad during the basic 1980s as piece of the Organisation of African Unity’s intensity and was the armed forces liaison bureaucrat for the profitable identity of West African States (ECOWAS) in the mid-1990s.

He served as the Defence Attaché to Pakistan from 2003 to 2006. after his leader brother, Sultan Maccido died in 2006, he was recalled to cart headquarters as the 20th Sultan of Sokoto. His conjecture of the throne subsequently led to his retirement from the mass as a Brigadier General. 3. Sultan of Sokoto

The undercurrent Sultan of Sokoto is Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar IV and he is one of the richest kings in Nigeria. He is a extraordinarily main monarch exceptionally in the northern share out of Nigeria. He is too the co-chairman of the Nigerian assembly of time-honored Rulers.

As the Sultan,

4. Emir of Kano Net Worth $80 million



Former Emir of Kano Muhammadu Sanusi II

The former Emir of Kano estimated net worth is $80 million as he has numerous businesses, assets and financial investments that we might not be aware of. The former Emir, Lamido Sanusi Lamido is a popular monarch in Nigeria whose achievements in the economic sector speaks for him.

Prior to his ascension to the throne as the 11th Fulani Emir of Kano, he was the former governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria whose policies saw to the valuation of the county’s currency and stability of the economy.

Time magazine in 2011 listed the Emir among the top 100 most influential people in the world due to his outspoken nature to issues. Lamido Sanusi was also honoured in 2013 at the Global Islamic Finance Awards (GIFA) in Dubai for his role in promoting Islamic banking in Nigeria.

According to the Emir, he revealed that his yearly salary from the federal government is N14 million. As earlier stated, he has other assets and investments that makes him a wealthy traditional ruler.

He was removed by the Kano state government and has been replaced by His Royal Highness, Bayero

5. Alaafin Of Oyo

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2019 has seen some big moves in the social media followings of the big football clubs. The main movers are Liverpool and Juventus, the Italian giant has jumped 3 places from last year, while Liverpool jumped two places. Below are the 10 most followed football clubs in the world, taking into account Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. The total is listed beside each name.

10) Manchester City



Although Manchester United have been trailing the glory days under coach legend Sir Alex Ferguson for years without success, the Red Devils remain the most popular club in the English Premier League in the social media. And this despite the fact that United will only be playing in the Europa League this season. The more than 750,000 Indonesian Twitter fans are a record for a western football club. Overall, however, the gap to the big two from Spain is gigantic. United has on Instagram less than half as many followers as they have.

Total: 59 million

Instagram: 14.8 million

Facebook: 37 million

Twitter: 7.2 million (English), 22,300 (USA)

9) FC Asenal



Total: 67.5 million

Instagram: 15.5 million

Facebook: 37 million

Twitter: 14.9 million (English), 66,000 (Spanish)

Asenal are no longer a UEFA Champions League club which has had an contact on revenues and following. They glossed sixth in the head of government League last few year, it’s equal day revenues be munitions store in the chief ten richest football clubs. But after that unmanageably necessitate a go again to the Champions League to boost revenues.

FC Liverpool



Total: 67.6 million

Instagram: 19.3 million

Facebook: 34 million

Twitter: 12.4 million (English), 861,900 (Arabic), 660,000 (Thai), 177,700 (Indonesian), 128,400 (USA), 109,000 (Portuguese)

With coach Jürgen Klopp, FC Liverpool is not only experiencing a return to successful old days, the current Champions League winner is also catching up in the social media: 16 million new social followers in the last twelve months alone. FC Arsenal has been overtaken. No English club has more Arabic-language Twitter followers than Liverpool. One reason for that: Mohamed Salah, the Egyptian attacking star.

7) Paris Saint-Germain

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There were over 200 gods and goddesses worshipped throughout ancient China , but if one were to count every deity or spirit, the number would be over 1,000. Each town, village, city, field, farm, and sometimes even separate plot in a graveyard, had its own Tudi Gong, an elemental earth spirit, who was recognized and honored. There were also spirits known as Kuei-Shen , nature spirits, who might inhabit a tree or live by a stream or preside over a garden.

These were eternal spirits who had never been mortal but others, known as guei (or kuei, gui, kui ), had once been human beings who had died and passed on to the afterlife. The guei could return to haunt the living for various reasons, and rituals, spells, and religious practices developed to appease them. There were also deities who had once been mortal and now lived with the gods, such as the Baxian (Pa Hsien ), the Eight Immortals of holy Taoists who were rewarded by the goddess Queen Mother of the West with immortality. The

Baxian were prayed to like any of the other gods, as were one's ancestors who had passed over the bridge between the land of the living and the realm of the dead to live among the gods and watch over the living.

The gods were believed to have created the world and human beings, and they kept the world and surrounding universe functioning. Each deity had his or her own special area of power and influence, and the most important were given their own shrines and temples, although shrines were also erected to local spirits and to noble men and

women who became deified after death .

All of the gods, goddesses, and spirits were important to the people of ancient China, and remain so today, and selecting a certain small group leaves out many, many others who remain just as significant. However, one can single out those deities who had national prominence, are among the oldest, or are without question the most popular as shown through ancient writings and evidence from archaeological excavations. The gods and goddesses listed below are given in the order they appear in Chinese writings. Most likely, deities like Nuwa, Fuxi, and P'an Ku were recognized much earlier than written records indicate, and the same is probably true of most of the gods and goddesses on the list. These deities are selected because they were all very important to the people of ancient China even though some were more prominent at certain times in history than atothers.

1. Dragon



The Chinese dragon (spelled Long,Loong, or Lung in transliteration), is a Chinese mythical creature that also appears in other East Asian cultures, and thus is also sometimes called the Oriental (or Eastern) dragon. Unlike the Western dragon of Europe that is representative of evil , the many eastern versions of the dragon are powerful spiritual symbols, representing seasonal cycles and supernatural forces.

The Chinese dragon is easily recognizable for its long serpentine body that is generally wingless, and its anthropomorphic face, complete with beard. In some eastern cultures, the dragon plays an integral part in creation mythology. Generally, the oriental dragon is benevolent and powerful, bringer of good fortune. Its image was often adopted by emperors as a sacred symbol of power. Thus, the oriental dragon is generally considered a supernatural or spiritual symbol of heavenly power.

He is also shown in human form as a wise man with the full sun behind his head watching over a boat full of people.

2. Shangti



Shangdi, (Chinese: “Lord-on-High”)Wade-Giles romanization Shang-ti, also called Di , ancient Chinese deity, the greatest ancestor and deity who controlled victory in battle, harvest, the fate of the capital, and the weather. He had no cultic following, however, and was probably considered too distant and inscrutable to be influenced by mortals. Shangdi was considered to be the supreme deity during the

Shang dynasty (1600–1046 century BCE), but during the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE) he was gradually supplanted by heaven (tian).

3. Queen Mother of the West

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The LaLiga is widely considered to be one of the best leagues in the world, with a number of top players plying their trade in Spain. Here, we take a look at the five most valuable squads in the league.

1. Real Madrid - €1.08billion



At the top, it comes as no disturb that truthful Madrid have the most valuable and expensive squad in laliga , with Zinedine Zidane having particular costly but brilliant players to elect from remarkably in attack.

The Los Blancos power be frustrating to ensure at times, but are tranquil in with a shout in cooperation locally and in Europe - as the Galacticos are solely two-points behind rivals, Barcelona in the LaLiga bit besides with a attempt to cancel the deficit against Manchester city in the Champions League.

2. Barcelona - €1.06billion



The defending LaLiga champions and the leaders at the exceed of the chart this season, Barcelona capacity be struggling to maintain their individuality on the pitch - but it shows their insistence that they static administer to linger at the top.

With Lionel Messi in their ranks, one cannot put everything ancient the Catalan giants.

3. Atletico Madrid - €870.5million

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The history of Chinese food dates back to about 5000 BC. Over this vast period of time, Chinese people have developed their own unique way of preparing food. Their ways of identifying ingredients to make perfect combinations, their multi-phased cooking techniques, and their administering of multi-phased flavoring have all been developed gradually. The ancient Chinese had a very healthy diet, and from historical evidence, we can see that farming in China seems to have started approximately 5,000 years ago.

Chinese cuisine is marked by both variety and change. Since ancient times, food has been at the center of social interaction, and many present-day dishes with their varieties of aroma and taste can be traced back to ancient Chinese food traditions. The Chinese have always considered food an art, placing the emphasis on the preparation of food as well as how it is served.

This article has put together 10 of the most popular traditional foods of ancient China. Let’s explore these foods one by one:

10. Vegetables (Soybeans and Cucumber)



As broadly consumed till today and as other ancient civilization had it, vegetable is an important diet for the Chinese antiquity. The unique of Chinese diet which survives until today, however, was not generally refer to all the veggies but specifically refers to Soybean and Cucumber. The two items mentioned above were the main vegetable dish in ancient Chinese foods; it was previously a pricey item for foods.

In the ancient Chinese, these two staples are consumed as early as 1000 BC when people started to make their own crop. The history of soybeans as Chinese diet was recorded in the discovery of bronze vessels which is presumed to be archeological evidence from the early age of the Zhou period. On those vessels, the Chinese character for soybean, “Shu”, is carved there. Soybeans grains are a commodity enjoyed by the majority of the population, yet the poorer ones usually need extra work to add vegetables to their rice. This development of soybean was predicted to appear around 500 BC, the time of the Confucius. The same way work for cucumber, it’s also a pricey food in China. However, these vegetables were favored for its nutrition that’s good for the body.

Soybean and Cucumber are still widely consumed by Chinese people until today since vegetable is good for health. It is believed to give nutrition to skin and to make the body feel younger.

9. Wine (Rice and Millet)



China is regarded as one of the first countries in the world to have made wine. Since its introduction, wine was not just a drink but was also endowed with a spiritual and cultural significance, reflecting social and political life and aesthetic ideas, and cropping up in contemporary literature as well. During the Shang dynasty (16th to 11th century BC), people began to drink wine and used it to worship the gods; yellow rice wine is considered the first of this kind. All other varieties of wine are supposed to have been developed after the Han (206 BC–220 BC) and Tang (618 BC –907 BC) dynasties. Years later, millet wine was introduced and it was a big hit, even more popular than tea.

8. Sorghum



Even though sorghum might sound alien to many ears, but this commodity is one of the favored foods consumed by the ancient Chinese. Today, sorghum is still commonly produced in China and used to make various kinds of dish.

Known as Milo, this staple was highly favored because of its simple nature. Compared to other grains cultivated in ancient Chinese, sorghum relatively was easier to plant and better for the pocket. To grow sorghum, the farmer needed only a small bucket of water since this grain is strong enough to strive on the land that couldn’t be cultivated with other grains. Sorghum seed also cost them less and it didn’t particularly need to be fertilized regularly. Thus, this food was very famous in ancient time, especially for the lower class. The archeological evidence of sorghum consumption is found in Shijiazhuang. It’s predicted that the consumption of sorghum as one of the ancient Chinese foods began in the late Neolithic period.

7. Meat (Pork, Beef, and Chicken)



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Known as one of the oldest and richest civilizations to have ever existed, the Egyptian civilization has so far stood the test of time. With its sky-scraping pyramids and monumental Sphinx that stands guard at the tombs of the pharaohs, we tend to forget another subtle but important part of ancient Egyptian culture that exists alongside the pyramids and the Sphinx – ancient Egyptian paintings. Along with other precious artifacts that exist from the ancient era, these paintings represent the essence of the bygone age of Egyptian history. Here is a list of the top 10 ancient Egyptian art pieces that still fascinate visitors to Egypt and reflect the essence of this ancient culture:

Music and dance were highly valued in ancient

Egyptian culture, but they were more important than is generally thought: they were integral to creation and communion with the gods and, further,

were the human response to the gift of life and all the experiences of the human condition. Egyptologist Helen Strudwick notes how, "music was everywhere in Ancient Egypt - at civil or funerary banquets, religious processions, military parades and even at work in the field" (416). The Egyptians loved music and included scenes of musical performances in tomb paintings and on

temple walls, but valued the dance equally and represented its importance as well.

This painting, in particular, shows “pair dancing” where two women dance together in a pair while another group plays music. Pair dancing involved either two men or two women dancing together in unison. There were also group dances where a group of trained performers would entertain spectators, but even more popular were the festival dances with each dance unique to its particular celebration.

9. Mummification in Ancient Egypt



After death, the pharaohs of Egypt usually were mummified and buried in elaborate tombs. Members of the nobility and officials also often received the same treatment, and occasionally, common people. However, the process was an expensive one, beyond the means of many.

For religious reasons, some animals were also mummified. The sacred bulls from the early dynasties had their own cemetery at Sakkara. Baboons, cats, birds, and crocodiles, which also had great religious significance, were sometimes mummified, especially in the later dynasties.

8. Egyptian Deities



Egypt had one of the largest and most complex pantheons of gods of any civilization in the ancient world. Over the course of Egyptian history hundreds of gods and goddesses were worshipped. The characteristics of individual gods could be hard to pin down. Most had a principle association (for example, with the sun or the underworld) and form. But these could change over time as gods rose and fell in importance and evolved in ways that corresponded to developments in Egyptian society. Here are a few of the most important deities to know

It was said that different cities had different gods specific to them, and followers worshiped their individual deities with devotion. The most popular of the gods were the sun god Ra; Anubis, the god of death and embalming; and Horus, the god of the sky. Osiris, Anubis, and Horus were important in the ancient pantheon of Egyptian gods.

7. Tomb Paintings


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They were moms, sisters, daughters, and spouses, but another thing they all had in common was that they were fierce warriors. Throughout history and all around the world, warrior women have taken up arms and fought alongside their male counterparts. Despite being vastly outnumbered by the men, these fearsome females have each made a permanent mark on history.

1. Grace O’Malley



In the early 14th century the Clan O’Malley, a great seafaring family, rose to their power. They ruled the southern shore of Clew Bay and the most of barony of Murrisk for over 300 years. They were ruthless pirates and terrorised the ships to and from Galway town, taxing all those who fished off their coasts. They traded with some coastal areas of France and Spain and built a row of castles facing the sea to protect their territory.

Their coat of arm bore the Latin Motto “Terra Marique Putens” (Valiant by sea and land). The most famous O’Malley was Grainne or Grace O’Malley. She was born around 1530 at Belcare Castle near Westport . She was the only daughter of Eoghan Dubhdara (Black Oak) O’Malley and Margaret or Maeve Ní Mháille. She is commonly known by her Irish nickname Granuaile or Gráinne ni Mhaille, a name reputed to come from the Irish for bald (Mhaol). According to legend Grannie, as a young girl, wanted to join her father on the sea and travel with him to Spain. Her mother disagreed saying she was a girl and not a sailor. Grainne shaved off her hair to disguise herself as a boy. Her father gave in and so Grainne got on board and became Grainne Mhaol.

As a child she lived at her family’s castles of Belclare Castle and Clare Island . She was educated and it is said she spoke Latin.

She was born to be galley captain, sea trader, sea raider, virago, diplomat and a great leader. She had a force of character that comes only once in a century.

When her father died she inherited his large shipping and ‘trading business’ and became Queen of Umaill, chieftain of the Ó Máille clan.

She gave birth to her son Tiobóid at sea, and within an hour, when her galley was boarded by Algerian pirates, she, wrapped in a blanket, appeared on deck leading her ships into battle and so her crew, rallied again, captured the pirate vessel.

She had control on several castles including Rockfleet in Clew Bay, Doona on Blacksod, Kildavnet on Achill Island and the O’Malley Castle on Clare Island.

It was there Granuaile lived in summer. Clare Island was her stronghold, a place she loved so much and, above all, strategically placed at the centre of her sea kingdom. It is said she used to tie the mooring ropes of her galley to her bed through her bed-room window, ready to get on board quickly. From Knockmore she could send or receive messages and repeat them on other towers on Inishturk, Achill or Doona using smoke columns or flags of different colours.

2. Rani Lakshmibai


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The ancient Roman legions played a key role in the rapid expansion of contemporary Roman civilization. The average Roman soldier was trained to fight in a formation of about 5,000 fellow warriors, each group forming a Roman legion . Their disciplined fighting tactics played a crucial role in crushing their opponents in battles. It also helped that the Roman infantry came equipped with an armory that allowed for quick offenses and provided a solid defense. Ironically, however, the standards and discipline of ancient Roman military tactics were absent in their military armor and attire. Here is a list of the top

10.belts



The ancient Romans called this belt the balteus. A typical military belt was worn over the shoulder and reached down to the opposite hip. The Roman legions typically used the balteus to hang their sword or any other relevant piece of military equipment on. These belts were mass produced from leather and high-ranking military Romans preferred their baltei to be decorated with valuable gems, stones, and metals.

In the Roman ranks, a single belt to support a dagger and the bearer’s tunic took over from the tradition of two crossed belts popularly worn during the Augustan era. Often, the single belt was embellished with narrow or wide belt plates. These plates were made up of cast brass with a shiny tin or silver finish stamped into them. One style of belt was always rolled and, on occasions, had ball-headed pins attached to it.

9. Legionary Swords



The gladius Hispaniensis or Spanish sword was first used by tribes in the Iberian peninsula and, following the Punic Wars , became the standard sword of Roman legionaries from the 2nd century BCE as its relatively short and double-edged blade made it ideal for cutting and thrusting in the confined space of hand to hand combat on the ancient battlefield.

Origins

The gladius Hispaniensis sword (aka ' Hispanicus' ) probably first came to the attention of Rome during the First and Second Punic Wars of the 3rd century BCE when it was used by Iberian tribes fighting as mercenaries and allies of the Carthaginians. The short blade of the gladius Hispaniensis made it an ideal weapon when soldiers were closely engaged with the enemy and gave its carrier a distinct advantage over an opponent armed with an unwieldy and heavier, longer-bladed sword who had no space in which to swing his blade. The Romans were quick to see its advantages and both legionaries and auxiliaries used the sword to good effect in the conquest of Gaul when the local tribes, armed with long swords, could only cut while the Romans could both cut and stab. Legionaries were specifically trained to stab while protecting themselves with their shield rather than expose their torso and arm by slashing.

8. Tunics



The style of Roman clothing was influenced by the

Ancient Greeks and evolved over time to incorporate styles and costume from across the Roman Empire.

Clothes were commonly made of wool and occasionally linens like silk and cotton were imported. Silk was very expensive and could only be afforded by the rich. The wool was spun into cloth by the women in the family.

Washing clothes was difficult in ancient Rome because they did not have a washing machine or soap powder in those days. Washing clothes could be done with either a chemical called sulphur or urine.

Roman men would usually wear a knee-length tunic called a chilton which came down to the knees. These could be either sleeveless or short-sleeved. In cold weather, men would often wear more than one tunic. A cloak was also worn by Roman men over their tunic. This was like a wide shawl draped over the shoulder and wrapped around their body.

7. Helmets (Galea)



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The Hindu religion is the oldest religion whose origin can be traced back to prehistoric times around 5000 to 10,000 BC. So it is no wonder that many of the myths, beliefs, and mythologies surrounding the religion are just as old. In fact, given this timeline, many of these mythologies may have gone through a number of retellings over the years. Hindu mythology has rich history, enigmatic characters, resounding stories, and a surprisingly innate association with modern science. There are also cyclical periods of time that repeat themselves after a certain interval. There also are epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana, the former being the longest known epic in history. Here is a list of the top 10 most interesting facts about ancient Hindu mythology:

10. The Hindu Epics



The Mahabharata and the Ramayana are the two main epics of India. They are both written in Sanskrit, and together form the canon of Hindu scripture: Itihasa – “Writer has himself witnessed the story”, or Mahakavya, the “Great Compositions”. They are both extremely famous in India and, over the centuries, have inspired writers from all over the world.

The Ramayana tells the Story of Rama. The tradition identifies the author with Valmiki, who probably lived between 400 and 200 BCE. The story narrates the life of Rama from birth to death, praising his heroism and virtuosity.

The Mahabharata was written by the legendary Vyasa between 400 and 100 BCE. The poem has been edited and modified by a high number of writers, and the poem emerged three times its original size.

A story part of the Mahabharata became the famous Bhagavad Gita (“the Lord’s Song): nowadays it is Hinduism’s most popular scripture – Gandhi described it as a “spiritual dictionary”. The Bhagavad Gita is also the poem that brought Krishna inside the Hindu pantheon, as a new incarnation of Vishnu.

The Mahabharata is the longest epic poem in the word: it consists of over 200,000 individual verse line and long passages written in prose. It has a total word count of 1.8 million, i.e. ten times the Iliad and the Odyssey combined.

To world literature, the Mahabharata has the same importance of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the Quran and the poems of Homer.

According to the tradition, the Mahabharata was written by Vyasa, a sage that is also a major character inside the poem. The oldest parts of the poem are not older than 400 BCE, even if maybe the epic originated between the 8th and the 9th centuries BCE.

It is likely that the text reached the form we know today during the Gupta period (around the 4th century CE).

Vyasa is considered to be one of the seven immortals (the “Chiranjivins”), and the festival of Guru Purnima is held in his honor. According to the tradition, Vyasa dictated the text, while Ganesha wrote it down.

9. Treta Yuga


https://www.operanewsapp.com/ng/en/share/detail?news_id=199fc125bd9c7bd0e34d7b7e6ba0f599&news_entry_id=s44c05552200505en_ng&open_type=transcoded&request_id=SUBSCRIBE_ITEM_28d53301-df55-460b-be0a-d47266f3d3e6&from=newsThe Hindu religion is the oldest religion whose origin can be traced back to prehistoric times around 5000 to 10,000 BC. So it is no wonder that many of the myths, beliefs, and mythologies surrounding the religion are just as old. In fact, given this timeline, many of these mythologies may have gone through a number of retellings over the years. Hindu mythology has rich history, enigmatic characters, resounding stories, and a surprisingly innate association with modern science. There are also cyclical periods of time that repeat themselves after a certain interval. There also are epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana, the former being the longest known epic in history. Here is a list of the top 10 most interesting facts about ancient Hindu mythology:

10. The Hindu Epics



The Mahabharata and the Ramayana are the two main epics of India. They are both written in Sanskrit, and together form the canon of Hindu scripture: Itihasa – “Writer has himself witnessed the story”, or Mahakavya, the “Great Compositions”. They are both extremely famous in India and, over the centuries, have inspired writers from all over the world.

The Ramayana tells the Story of Rama. The tradition identifies the author with Valmiki, who probably lived between 400 and 200 BCE. The story narrates the life of Rama from birth to death, praising his heroism and virtuosity.

The Mahabharata was written by the legendary Vyasa between 400 and 100 BCE. The poem has been edited and modified by a high number of writers, and the poem emerged three times its original size.

A story part of the Mahabharata became the famous Bhagavad Gita (“the Lord’s Song): nowadays it is Hinduism’s most popular scripture – Gandhi described it as a “spiritual dictionary”. The Bhagavad Gita is also the poem that brought Krishna inside the Hindu pantheon, as a new incarnation of Vishnu.

The Mahabharata is the longest epic poem in the word: it consists of over 200,000 individual verse line and long passages written in prose. It has a total word count of 1.8 million, i.e. ten times the Iliad and the Odyssey combined.

To world literature, the Mahabharata has the same importance of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the Quran and the poems of Homer.

According to the tradition, the Mahabharata was written by Vyasa, a sage that is also a major character inside the poem. The oldest parts of the poem are not older than 400 BCE, even if maybe the epic originated between the 8th and the 9th centuries BCE.

It is likely that the text reached the form we know today during the Gupta period (around the 4th century CE).

Vyasa is considered to be one of the seven immortals (the “Chiranjivins”), and the festival of Guru Purnima is held in his honor. According to the tradition, Vyasa dictated the text, while Ganesha wrote it down.

9. Treta Yuga


https://www.operanewsapp.com/ng/en/share/detail?news_id=199fc125bd9c7bd0e34d7b7e6ba0f599&news_entry_id=s44c05552200505en_ng&open_type=transcoded&request_id=SUBSCRIBE_ITEM_28d53301-df55-460b-be0a-d47266f3d3e6&from=newsThe Hindu religion is the oldest religion whose origin can be traced back to prehistoric times around 5000 to 10,000 BC. So it is no wonder that many of the myths, beliefs, and mythologies surrounding the religion are just as old. In fact, given this timeline, many of these mythologies may have gone through a number of retellings over the years. Hindu mythology has rich history, enigmatic characters, resounding stories, and a surprisingly innate association with modern science. There are also cyclical periods of time that repeat themselves after a certain interval. There also are epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana, the former being the longest known epic in history. Here is a list of the top 10 most interesting facts about ancient Hindu mythology:

10. The Hindu Epics



The Mahabharata and the Ramayana are the two main epics of India. They are both written in Sanskrit, and together form the canon of Hindu scripture: Itihasa – “Writer has himself witnessed the story”, or Mahakavya, the “Great Compositions”. They are both extremely famous in India and, over the centuries, have inspired writers from all over the world.

The Ramayana tells the Story of Rama. The tradition identifies the author with Valmiki, who probably lived between 400 and 200 BCE. The story narrates the life of Rama from birth to death, praising his heroism and virtuosity.

The Mahabharata was written by the legendary Vyasa between 400 and 100 BCE. The poem has been edited and modified by a high number of writers, and the poem emerged three times its original size.

A story part of the Mahabharata became the famous Bhagavad Gita (“the Lord’s Song): nowadays it is Hinduism’s most popular scripture – Gandhi described it as a “spiritual dictionary”. The Bhagavad Gita is also the poem that brought Krishna inside the Hindu pantheon, as a new incarnation of Vishnu.

The Mahabharata is the longest epic poem in the word: it consists of over 200,000 individual verse line and long passages written in prose. It has a total word count of 1.8 million, i.e. ten times the Iliad and the Odyssey combined.

To world literature, the Mahabharata has the same importance of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the Quran and the poems of Homer.

According to the tradition, the Mahabharata was written by Vyasa, a sage that is also a major character inside the poem. The oldest parts of the poem are not older than 400 BCE, even if maybe the epic originated between the 8th and the 9th centuries BCE.

It is likely that the text reached the form we know today during the Gupta period (around the 4th century CE).

Vyasa is considered to be one of the seven immortals (the “Chiranjivins”), and the festival of Guru Purnima is held in his honor. According to the tradition, Vyasa dictated the text, while Ganesha wrote it down.

9. Treta Yuga


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Hinduism has both masculine and feminine deities representing the supreme power of the universe, and all the major deities have both male and female counterparts. Hindu goddesses are the representation of Shakti, the feminine source of power in the universe. They are highly revered and powerful and play a central role in the creation, protection, and destruction of the universe. Here is a list of 10 Hindu goddesses who are the source of this power:

10. Radha



Radha, in Hinduism, the gopi (milkmaid) who became the beloved of the god Krishna during that period of his life when he lived among the gopas (cowherds) of Vrindavan . Radha was the wife of another gopa but was the dearest of Krishna’s consorts and his constant companion. In the bhakti (devotional) movement of Vaishnavism , the female, Radha, is sometimes interpreted as symbolizing the human soul and the male, Krishna, as symbolizing God.

The love of Krishna and Radha has been given expression in the lyrical poetry of many Indian languages, particularly Bengali. The Bengali saint Chaitanya was said to be an incarnation of both Krishna and Radha: he was Krishna on the inside and Radha on the outside. Chaitanya also composed many devotional poems celebrating the divine love, but they have not survived. The Gita Govinda , by Jayadeva , was a favourite source of inspiration for the later Rajasthani and Pahari miniature painters, in whose works Radha is seen waiting for Krishna to return with the cows in the twilight or sitting with him in a forest grove. The bronze images of Krishna playing the flute that are enshrined in temples are often accompanied, particularly in the northern and eastern parts of India, by images of his beloved Radha, and she too is worshipped.

9. Kamadhenu

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The Mesopotamians were very religious, and their many civilizations shared the same deities with different identities and names. For example, Ishtar, the goddess of procreation, was known as Inanna among the Sumerian people. In order to throw some light on Mesopotamian mythology, here is a list of 10 goddesses from the Mesopotamian pantheon:

1. Ereshkigal or Irkalla, the Goddess of the Underworld



(lit. "Great Lady under the Earth" was the goddess of the land of the dead, the Underworld, in Mesopotamian mythology . One of the oldest goddesses of Mesopotamia, she was the daughter of the chief god, "Skyfather" Anu, and was the twin sister of the major deity Enki .

Ereshkigal was the sole ruler of her kingdom, until she came to share power with the god Nergal, who became her husband and king. Sometimes her name is given as Irkalla, which is also the name of the Underworld itself, similar to the use of Hades in Greek mythology to refer to both the Underworld and its ruler.

2. Nanshe, the Goddess of Social Justice and Prophecy


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It is not only the Roman gods who are remembered in history, but the canon of Roman goddesses is equally important, being no less powerful or popular than their male counterparts. They are indeed the epitome of female strength. Mythological stories of the deities play a significant role in different religious rituals in Rome. Ancient Rome is full of spirituality, but we generally hear more about the Roman gods than the female deities. So now is the time for you to add some information about the Roman goddesses to your treasure box of knowledge. Their divine nature, their strength, and their beauty will surely leave you mesmerized! Here is a list of the top 10 Roman goddesses:

1. Juno, Queen of Goddesses



Juno was the Roman goddess who protected the nation as a whole but also kept special watch over all aspects of women's lives. She is often thought of as the Roman version of the Greek goddess of love and marriage, Hera. Juno was the wife and sister of

Jupiter , the chief Roman god, and the two of them were worshipped along with the goddess Minerva on the Quirinal in Rome .

Historical Introduction

After a long series of wars with Macedonia, the

Roman army conquered the Greek peninsula, and as a consequence, Hellenic culture -- art, literature , and philosophy -- infiltrated much of Roman life. This infiltration included Roman religion. While their names did not change, the Roman gods began to become more closely associated with their Greek counterparts: Venus became more like Aphrodite, Pluto became Hades, Neptune became Poseidon, and lastly, Jupiter became Zeus . The myths and legends of Roman mythology gradually grew distorted, and many Roman gods began to lose their identity and their individuality. However, one soon forgets that the Roman gods existed long before the arrival of the Greeks, before they lost their uniqueness. And this loss can best seen with Jupiter’s wife and sister, Juno, who is not to be confused with her Greek counterpart Hera. In every aspect, Juno was a goddess in her own rWisdom

2. Minerva, Goddess of Wisdom2. Minerva, Goddess of Wisdom



You know, the Romans don't get enough credit. People tend to assume that the Romans stole everything from the Greeks, but this is a terrible misconception. Point in case: Roman mythology. Yes, the Roman religion was influenced by and contained many parallels to Greek mythology, but it was just as influenced by native Italian sources.

The Roman goddess Minerva is a good example of Rome's melding of Greek and Italian traditions. Minerva is part of the holy Capitoline triad , the three supreme leaders of the Roman pantheon, along with Jupiter and Juno. Minerva is the goddess of wisdom, medicine, the arts, poetry, and handicrafts. Later in Roman history, she became the goddess of war as well. So, she was pretty important to the Romans.

Now, in many ways Minerva mirrors the Greek Athena, one of the more prominent deities. However, Minerva is more accurately the Roman version of an Etruscan goddess,

Menvra. Ever heard of the Etruscans? These were the Italian people of Tuscany who dominated the region before the Latin tribes came to live in the swampy territory known as Rome. Now, there is still a lot about the Etruscans that we don't know, but to them Menvra seems to have been a very important figure central to many myths. Combining aspects of both Menvra and Athena, Minerva grew to be one of the most respected goddesses in the Roman religion. So, let's give her some credit.

3. Flora, Goddess of Flowers and Spring


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The Roman pantheon of gods is considered to be the largest of all. The Romans had gods for every imaginable thing. They had Mars, the god of war, Neptune, the god of the sea, Bacchus, the god of wine, and many more. Like all cultures, they also had a rich and vibrant mythological background. While some of their gods are adaptations of the Greek gods, some are original too such as the two-faced god of doorways and gates, Janus. These deities gave the Romans a sense of national pride, an understanding of valor and honor, and an insight into their own destiny. Ancient Rome’s traditional religious system can also be seen in Roman historical literature and the visual arts. The Legend of Romulus and Remus is one such famous example. The Roman gods had majestic personas and great powers. Let’s take a look at the list of the top 10 Roman gods to find out a little more about them:

1. Jupiter, the King of Gods



Jupiter was the king of the gods in Ancient Roman religion. Ancient Romans looked to Jupiter for protection. His mythological powers were thunder and lighting. According to Ancient Roman mythology, Jupiter also ruled over laws and social order and protected Ancient Romans.

Jupiter was the son of Saturn, the Ancient Roman god of agriculture and harvest, and Ops, a fertility and earth goddess. Jupiter’s siblings were: Neptune, Pluto, Ceres, Vesta, and Juno. Jupiter fathered several children which were gods, mortals, and other deities.

Jupiter and his two brothers, Neptune and Pluto, divided the universe so that each of them would have an area to rule over, the land, sky, and underworld. Jupiter ruled the sky, Neptune ruled the waters, and Pluto ruled the underworld.

Duties, Attributes, and Symbols

Jupiter is known for his long beard and strong physique. Jupiter was a distinguished god usually shown with his royal scepter. Jupiter is associated with the thunderbolt which he would to throw at those who angered him, and he was known for his abrupt temper. He was able to change into any animal or object and make his voice sound like anyone he wished; this is how he fooled many people. Jupiter was seen as a protector of the Ancient Roman people and of Mount Olympus. Jupiter helped to keep the balance between the gods and mortals, especially when they would act out or too harshly towards each other. Jupiter knew that if mortals were not around, he would not have worshipers to praise him.

Jupiter was known to all as a powerful god who struck fear in other gods and mortals. However, there was one person Jupiter feared; this was his wife Juno, queen of the gods. Jupiter feared Juno for good reason, it is said that he had many affairs with gods, mortals, and other deities and because of this, Juno’s wrath was relentless. Juno would punish Jupiter’s lovers greatly if she found out about their adulterous behavior.

2. Neptune, the God of the Sea

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Ancient culture in Egypt contains a lot of the whole story , round about of which however hang about a secret, and this exalted come to rest all along the banks of the Nile has featured in equally forward-looking and prehistoric history. Around 3100 BC, after the following confederation of better and subordinate Egypt, the pharaoh was the supreme person in charge once it came to rituals and religion. Egyptian deities were measured to correspond to aspects of nature; the intimates admired them and did not intend to anger them. So what forms did these deities take? Let’s take a look at the top 10 most p

worshiped gods of ancient Egypt:

1. AMUN-RA: The Hidden One



Some assume that Amun (Amen, Amon) was a relatively modern god within the context of ancient Egyptian religion. His worship at Thebes, where the earliest known Temple dedicated to him was located, is only documented from the 11th Dynasty onward.

It is true that he gained most of his prestige after replacing the war god Montu as the principle god of

Thebes during Egypt's New Kingdom, when he was recognized as the "King of Gods". At that time, because of Egypt's influence in the world, he actually became a universal god. In fact, by the 25th Dynasty, Amun-Re was even the chief god of the Nubian Kingdom of Napata and by the Ptolemic, or Greek period, he was regarded as the Egyptian equivalent of Zeus. However, he is actually mentioned in the pyramid text from the Old Kingdom ( 5th Dynasty, Unas - line 558), which show him to be a primeval deity and a symbol of creative force. This text seems to assign great antiquity to his existence.

2. MUT: The Mother Goddess


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1.The AS50 Sniper



Caliber : 12.7x99mm / .50BMG

Operation: gas operated, semiautomatic

Barrel: 692 mm

Weight: 14.1 kg empty

Length: 1369 mm

Feed Mechanism: 5 rounds detachable box magazine

The AS50 fifty caliber (12.7mm) sniper / antimateriel rifle is the latest development of the famous British company Accuracy International Ltd. First displayed in January 2005 in USA at the ShotShow-2005, this rifle reportedly has been developed especially for US SOCOM users, and is now being tested by the USNAVY Special Operations center. The AS50 is to provide combat operators with highly accurate and rapid aimed fire at extended ranges. To achieve such goal,the AS50 is built around gas operated, semiautomatic action, with "singlerear locking" (most probably, this mean a tilting bolt). The two-part receiver is machined from high grade steel, the barrel is free-floated andfitted with effective muzzle brake. Easily detachable buttstock is fitted with recoil-reducing buttpad, as well as with folding rear grip, which also serves asa rear support leg. The folding quick-detachable bipod with adjustable legs is fitted as a standard. Top of the receiver is equipped with full length Picatinnytype rail which can accept any compatible scope mount; two additional rails are mounted on either side of the short handguard / barrel jacket. Rifle is fitted with four sling mounts, and can be brought down to basic sub-assemblies within three minutes for maintenance or compact transportation or storage. Rifle is fed using single stack detachable box magazines, which holt five rounds of ammunition.

2. The SA80A2 rifle



The SA80 series of rifles entered service with the British Army in 1985. The SA80 family underwent a major mid-life update in 2002, during which the SA80 A1 rifles were upgraded to the SA80 A2 standard.

The British Army’s SA80 A2 is being phased out to pave the way for SA80 A3. The upgraded version minimises its visual and infra-red spectrums. It is more resistant to abrasion, and comes with a new handguard that supports the upper receiver while improving the precision and accuracy of the weapon system.

SA80 A2 L85 assualt rifle design and features

The selective fire gas-operated design of SA80 A2 incorporates a bullpup layout with magazine and firing mechanism behind the trigger group. The rifle’s automation is provided by combusted powder gases. The gas is fed into a short-stroke gas piston system on the barrel through a three-position adjustable gas regulator.

SA80 A2 has an overall length of 785mm and barrel length of 518mm. The weight of the rifle with loaded magazine and optical sight is 4.98kg. The muzzle velocity of the rifle is 940m/s. It has a cyclic rate of fire of 610 to 775 rounds per minute. The SA80 A2 can effectively engage targets within a 400m range.

The rifle features a revolving cylindrical bolt integrating locking splines, an extractor and casing ejector. The rotation of the bolt is ensured by a cam pin. The fire-control lever allows the operator to select semi-automatic fire or fully automatic fire. The flash suppressor on the barrel acts as a base for mounting grenades and a blank-firing adaptor or a bayonet.

SA80 A2 is fitted with a heavier and longer barrel for achieving greater muzzle velocity than the SA80 base model. The SA80 A2 can also be mounted with AG-36 40mm Underslung Grenade Launcher (UGL) and EO Tech Holographic sight. The under-barrel grenade launcher weighs about 1.49kg. The UGL will allow the forces to fire effective fragmenting munitions up to a range of 350m.

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The ancient Egyptian civilization can be traced back to approximately 3000 BC and it lasted until 30 BC when it became part of the Roman Empire. Its long duration shows that the civilization was provided with all necessities, such as a good natural environment including water, fish, fertile soil and plants, but also with rich architecture as seen in the

pyramids which required the use of accurate measurements and mathematics, and durable materials. When we speak about Egypt, many things could come to mind: the beauty of Cleopatra , or maybe the glorious mask of Tutankhamun. Some of you may also think about the pictorial writing system known as hieroglyphics, which were found carved and written on many different surfaces such as papyrus, stone, and wood. So as you can see, for many years, the ancient Egyptians thrived. Let’s have a look at some of the main ancient Egyptian inventions that people are most curious about:

10. Mathematics



The introduction of writing in Egypt in the predynastic period (c. 3000 BCE) brought with it the formation of a special class of literate professionals, the scribes . By virtue of their writing skills, the scribes took on all the duties of a civil service: record keeping, tax accounting, the management of public works (building projects and the like), even the prosecution of war through overseeing military supplies and payrolls. Young men enrolled in scribal schools to learn the essentials of the trade, which included not only reading and writing but also the basics of mathematics.

In history books, the Greeks often take the credit for inventing mathematics. They were skilled in mathematics and astronomy, but the truth is, they learned it from the Egyptians. The main difference is that Egyptian geometry and arithmetic were primarily used for practical applications: measurements, business transactions, how to construct pyramids, and cut rocks. Mathematics was not seen as a theoretical science.

In Egyptian schools, the curriculum included sports but for those intending to pursue further education, the emphasis was placed on writing (to train the character) and mathematics. It is thought that the Egyptians introduced the earliest basic numeration system of 10 numbers as early as 2700 BC and maybe even before. The oldest mathematical text from ancient Egypt is the Moscow Papyrus, discovered around 2000 BC. The ancient Greeks later developed and improved upon what the Egyptians had invented.

9. Calendar and Clock

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The Second World War is considered as the most widespread and terrifying war in the history of mankind. There were more than 100 million people from over 30 countries directly or indirectly involved and over 60 million casualties. One of the major reasons for such mass destruction was the advanced weaponry used. During World War II, the focus was placed on innovation, technology, communication,

and medicine to gain the upper hand. The Allies eventually achieved victory in this most destructive war, and it ended with the collapse of the Nazis and the fall of the Japanese and Italian empires. Hundreds of massive weapons were manufactured by the United States, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, the USSR, and other countries. Among them, the atom bomb is perhaps the most well-remembered weapon, the effects of which were felt decades after the end of the war. Here is a list of the 10 deadliest weapons of World War II:

10. Messerschmitt Me 262



The Messerschmitt Me 262 was the German answer to a failing war effort heading into 1945 during World War 2 (1939-1945). It was championed by some of the major players of the war though ultimately limited in its combat reach by forced design decisions, shortages of critical war materials, engine reliability, inexperienced pilots, and the Allied bombing campaign. The Me 262 could have been a game-changer for the Germans had it been given the necessary resources it required to make its mark on the war early on and provide a turning point for the German defense. By the end of the war, the Me 262 was hampered by a variety of issues - both logistically and politically - which ultimately limited its effectiveness and imprint on the war. Additionally, so much time had elapsed between the design idea and actual operational service that the Allies were already hard at work on their own jet-powered fighters which would have leveled the playing field. Nevertheless, the Me 262 still resonates with observers of World War 2 history - the first jet-powered fighter in service anywhere in the world - and remains the focus of so many "what-if" scenarios.

9. The 88mm Gun

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In their longing for power, humans retain each time searched for the perfect weaponry. Empires engraved out in history were frequently the outcome of strategic planning, following ingenuity, and the as a rule stylish rivalry of their time. The sympathetic choice of weapons at era proved to be the crucial distinction between successful a campaign or personality slaughtered on the field. The dirt has been bled upon during period of war from one century to another, the barely discrepancy consciousness the cut and alternative of the bludgeon wielded.

10. Roman Scissor



Weaponries and industries of arms have never ceased to amaze us, especially the ancient weapons. If you think that ancient people only relied on very basic and traditional weapons, well, you have your facts wrong. Sure, their weaponries weren’t as sophisticated as we have today but still... their functions were carefully designed and created, resulting not only in deadly weapons but also very effective.

The problem with humankind is their hunger of power. If you learn the world’s history, every leader would wish for more power, more expansion, more money, and more strength. Such a desire had led to the search and creation of the perfect arsenal. Ancient empires were carved and resulted from political ingenuity, sophisticated warfare, and strategic planning. Weapons were selected, even created, to help empires win their purposes. The types of weaponries could determine a faith of a nation – whether they would win the battle or defeated on the battleground. Wars have been going on, even from the ancient times to today’s modern era. The one that makes each battle different is the weaponries used in the battle.



There are some popular ancient weapons that preserved well until today although there are also some options for the modern choices. If you want to learn more about the course of history in weaponries making and their role, read on.

Specification of the Weapon

Length: 18 in (45 cm)

Weight: 5 lb (2,3 kg)

Configuration: Hardened steel

Used by: Roman gladiators

The scissor is a rather unusual weapon from ancient Rome used by the class of gladiators who were called scissores but as gladiators they were not very well described in history. The weapon has two parts: a long tube that protects the gladiator’s arm, and at the end of the tube there is a long, thin cylindrical-shaped pipe with a crescent-shaped blade. It is this unique-looking element of the weapon that made it popular among fans in the audience.

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The culture of Greece was evolved over thousands of years, and is widely considered to be the cradle of modern Western culture. This is because political systems and procedures such as democracy, trial by jury and lawful equality originated there.

Aside from these important Greek-derived features of Western civilization, ancient Grecian thinkers and architects laid the intellectual foundations of many fields of study. Whether it be astrology, mathematics, biology, engineering, medicine or linguistics, nearly all of the information we take for granted today was first discovered by the ancient Greeks.

As if all of this wasn't enough, when it comes to the realm of art–including literature, music, architecture, design and the performing arts–the Greeks established many of the standards by which identify beauty and creative value.

In short, if you live in the West, you are more like an ancient Grecian than you may realize. This article hopes to highlight some of the many throughly-Grecian contributions we experience and benefit from everyday.

The following is a list of Greek inventions and discoveries that have had profound impacts on Western culture and society.

1. Democracy



According to Merriam-Webster, a democracy is a government by the people "in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections."

The ancient Greeks created the world’s first democracy. Athens started out with a monarchy and then advanced to an oligarchy until it finally reached a democracy. The democratic government consisted of 6,000 assembly members, all of whom were adult male citizens. The assembly voted on issues throughout Athens. In order for a law to pass, the number of votes needed to be a majority. But in order to banish or exile someone, all 6,000 votes were needed.

Today, at least in the United States, we use a democratic system. But instead of a direct democracy, we have a representative democracy in which the citizens democratically vote on who should make the decisions in the country. This is different than ancient Greece's direct democracy wherein citizens voted on the decision rather than choosing people to make the decision.

2. The Alphabet

Derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, the greek alphabet was the first alphabet in the western sense of the word, featuring distinct letters for vowels and consonants. It was developed after the Dark Ages and consisted of 24 letters, ordered from alpha to omega.

Believe it or not, the word "alphabet" originates from the first 2 letters of the Greek alphabet: alpha and beta. Today many letters of our modern alphabet originate from the Greek alphabet, including letters such as A, B, E, and O. The Greek originally had a single form of each letter, but created upper case and lower case versions of the letters later.

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1. A case of mistaken of identity
every body loves to hatred referees, and there’s no reservation that they promote to their pale portion of mistakes. But for altogether of the effects they container follow wrong, it’s not a lot that they hang out up two players. In 2014, in a match up between Arsenal and Chelsea, midfielder Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain deflected a shot absent from the goal with his hand. But instead of delivering the red card to him, the referee gave it to Kieran Gibbs.

2. Expensive transfer mistake

Not all footballing blunders happen on the field. Off the field, some of the biggest mistakes that can happen can cost a team in a different way. Expensive transfers are certainly not uncommon, but it goes without saying that clubs don’t want to waste money on players that don’t work out. But that’s what happened when Chelsea spent £30 million on Andrei Shevchenko, who had previously been a great striker but didn’t have such success after his transfer.

3. Sunderland’s two own goal hat-tricks

There are few number of inferior blunders than scoring an possess goal, except perhaps liability it three epoch – twice. In 2014 Sunderland managed three have possession of goals in Southampton, but it wasn’t the head time that they had managed it. They did the equivalent in 2003 and incredibly managed every one of three have goals in under eight minutes, giving Charlton a 3throw-in

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Jollof rice packs a powerful punch in the taste stakes, but its origins are a point of contention with many African nations claiming it as their own. So much so that online wars are ongoing to protect it.

In West Africa, sacred Jollof rice is a fragrant dish that is revered across the sub-region for its unique sweet taste and subtle spiciness. It is also the source of heated discussion online among Nigerians , Ghanaians and Senegalese as to who owns the bragging rights to the dish. However, in order to understand the magic of Jollof or who can rightfully lay claim to it, first its history must be understood.



1.Senegal jollof rice image



2.Ghana jollof rice image



3.Gambia jollof rice image


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10. Aalto University – Helsinki, Finland:

The university, ranked at position 201 worldwide, is among the top performing universities worldwide. For a long time now, they have been offering free college education to students from different parts of the world. The university offers courses for both undergraduate and masters students.

Beginning August 2017, the university started applying tuition fees for international students who are not the members of the EU/EEA who wish to study in English. For courses in Finnish ans Swedish languages, there is no restriction. You can apply for your masters for free in the two languages in the university.



9. The University of Helsinki:

Started in the year 1640, the University of Helsinki is among the 1% top research universities worldwide. It ranks position 90 on the world university ranking. The university is located in Finland, Helsinki. The degree you get from the university puts you in a good position in the job market worldwide. There are a variety of free degree programmes you can get from the university. All the courses are offered in English.

For EU/EEA students, there is no fees applicable. International students that are not permanent residents of the EU/EEA, you can apply for scholarships to complete your masters degree in the University of Helsinki.

Started in the year 1640, the University of Helsinki is among the 1% top research universities worldwide. It ranks position 90 on the world university ranking. The university is located in Finland, Helsinki. The degree you get from the university puts you in a good position in the job market worldwide. There are a variety of free degree programmes you can get from the university. All the courses are offered in English.

For EU/EEA students, there is no fees applicable. International students that are not permanent residents of the EU/EEA, you can apply for scholarships to complete your masters degree in the University of Helsinki.

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1.South African Valour Class MEKO A-200 anti-air frigates

Four Valour category MEKO A-200 anti-air frigates were delivered to the South African Navy.
A band together of South African companies, accepted as the SA Corvette Group, counting Altech Defence Systems, Kentron, LIW gulf of Denel, advanced problem Solutions, Saab Avitronics, Grintek Electronics, Reutech and African Defence Systems (a combined venture theater company between Altech and Thales), is reliable for combining the weapons and electronics subsystems into a flattering integrated combat suite.

MEKO A-Class stealth design features

Stealth design features have been introduced to reduce the radar cross-section. Hull panels are alternately angled to avoid large flat surfaces, an arrangement called ‘X-form’. Right angle corners are avoided and the decks and superstructure have been decluttered. The bridge wings present on the original MEKO have been eliminated and the bridge is completely enclosed.

A reduction of about 75% on the ship’s infrared signature has been achieved by elimination of the funnel, and instead, hot exhaust gases are ducted through a horizontal system.

Seawater is injected into the exhaust duct to cool the exhaust fumes, before being expelled just above the waterline.

Valour Class frigate missiles and guns

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1. International Business Machine [IBM]

International Business Machine (IBM) is a technology company. The corporation operates through five segments: Cognitive Solutions, global Business Service (GBS), Technology Service and cloud Platforms, Systems and Global Financing. The Cognitive Solutions segment delivers a spectrum of capabilities, from descriptive, foretelling and dictatorial analytics to cognitive systems. Cognitive Solutions includes Watson, a cognitive computing platform that has the capacity to relate in unaffected language, see to large data, and discover from interactions with relations and computers. The GBS segment provides clients with consulting, concentration management army and large-scale development services. The Technology military & Cloud Platforms segment provides in rank technology infrastructure services. The Systems segment provides clients with infrastructure technologies. The comprehensive Financing segment includes client financing, industrial financing, and remanufacturing and remarketing.

The international business Machine or the IBM is one of the largest software manufactures in the world. It has it’s headquarter in the United States and operates across the globe. IBM is absolutely a giant what time it comes to software manufacturing. IBM employs over 400,000 public across 200 countries. IBM holds new patents than any other firms in the US and has 9 examination laboratories worldwide. IBM is one of the preeminent companies to run for and has effectively residential a great deal Software and has helped the globe of company tremendously with its incorporation

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